Field Studies on Control of Onion Thrips in New York

1948 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Ashdown ◽  
Thomas C. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Onion Thrips

Editorials: The Field Investigator's Problems

1954 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The People

In this issue the editors present a series of articles which, in a number of ways, point up the problems that confront the field investigator. Against the backdrop of Jamaica, Puerto Rico, West Africa, Talladega, Alabama, "Springdale," New York, and a factory in New York, our authors consider methods of conducting field studies and the various ways the people studied manifest their intractability.

scholarly journals Pre- and Post-Infection Activity of Pyraclostrobin for Control of Anthracnose Fruit Rot of Strawberry Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Turechek ◽  
Natália A. Peres ◽  
Nicole A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Control Equivalent

The effect of pre- and post-infection-period applications of pyraclostrobin (Cabrio EG) on the development of anthracnose fruit rot was characterized in a controlled-climate study and validated in field studies in New York and Florida. Plants of the day-neutral cv. Tristar were inoculated with C. acutatum and placed into mist chambers at 14, 22, or 30°C. The plants were removed from the chambers after 3, 6, 12, or 24 h of misting and placed on greenhouse benches to allow disease development. The fungicide pyraclostrobin was applied to the berries at a concentration equivalent to 168 g a.i./ha at 3, 8, 24, and 48 h prior to inoculation and exposure to their wetting period, or 3, 8, 24, and 48 h following inoculation and exposure to their wetting period. All pyraclostrobin treatments suppressed disease compared with the corresponding untreated control treatments. The highest incidence of disease occurred on plants exposed to the longest wetness durations (12 and 24 h) or highest temperature treatments (22 and 30°C). Post-infection applications of pyraclostrobin provided significant control when applications were made within 3 and often up to 8 h after wetting, but generally were less effective than protective sprays. We further tested the ability of pyraclostrobin to control anthracnose when applied as a protectant or as an after-infection application in inoculated field plots exposed to a short (8 h) or long (24 h) wetting period in Florida and in New York. In three of the four experimental plots, disease control equivalent to or better than the protective spray was achieved when pyraclostrobin was applied up to 24 h after infection for long and short wetting periods. In the remaining plot, conditions for disease development were exceptionally favorable. The protective treatment provided approximately 75% control, whereas the best post-infection treatment provided only 50% control. Our study indicates that for short wetting events, such as those associated with seasonal thunderstorms, growers can wait until after such an infection event before applying pyraclos-trobin and achieve control equivalent to a protective application.

scholarly journals First Report of Iris yellow spot virus on Onion in New York

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Hoepting ◽  
H. F. Schwartz ◽  
H. R. Pappu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
First Report

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV [family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus]), a potentially devastating disease of onion vectored by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), has been reported from most states in the western United States where significant onion production occurs, with the most recent report from Texas (1). In June 2006, volunteer onion (Allium cepa) plants in Orleans County, New York (Elba muckland) were found to have symptoms indicative of IYSV infection. The scapes (seed stalks) of the volunteer onions found at the edge of a cull pile from a 2005 onion crop exhibited diamond-shaped lesions, each with a distinct green center and a double yellow border. Approximately 25 of 100 plants of red and yellow onion cultivars exhibited characteristic IYSV lesions. The cull pile was composed primarily of locally grown onions, although a few of the bulbs were grown from imported bare-root transplants imported from Arizona. Symptomatic plants tested positive for IYSV using IYSV-specific antiserum from Agdia Inc. (Elkhart, IN) in a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA. The presence of IYSV was verified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers derived from the small RNA of IYSV (S-RNA). The primers flanked the IYSV nucleocapsid (N) gene (5′-TAA AAC AAA CAT TCA AAC AA-3′ and 5′-CTC TTA AAC ACA TTT AAC AAG CAC-3′ (3). RT-PCR assays produced a PCR amplicon of expected size (approximately 1.2 kb) and the product was cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed the identity of the amplicon as that of the IYSV S-RNA. Sequence comparisons showed 95 to 98% identity with known IYSV N gene sequences available in GenBank. The virus is poorly transmitted to onion by mechanical inoculation and we did not have access to a noninfested colony of the onion thrips vector to transfer the virus from these samples to noninfected onions. No asymptomatic plants were tested. Among the onion-growing states in the eastern United States, IYSV has previously only been reported from Georgia (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of IYSV in New York and the greater northeastern United States. The finding of this disease in New York confirms further spread of the virus within North America and the need for research to develop more effective management options to reduce the impact of IYSV on onion crops. References: (1) M. Miller et al. Plant Dis. 90:1359, 2006. (2) S. W. Mullis et al. Plant Dis. 90:377, 2006. (3) H. R. Pappu et al. Arch. Virol. 151:1015, 2006.

scholarly journals 382 PRECISION SEEDING STUDIES ON SNAP BEANS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 485f-486
Author(s):  
H.C. Price ◽  
A. G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Cooperative Study ◽  
Upstate New York ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Made In ◽  
Medium Group

Field studies were. conducted in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate vacuum planters with respect to precision placement of seeds and to separately study plant spacing and emergence uniformity on stand establishment and yield. All studies were. performed with Bush Blue Lake 47. In 1992, a cooperative study was conducted with the Experiment Station and ten growers in Upstate New York representing four makes of commercial planters. No planter was able to precision seed, and seedling emergence revealed a large tendency to clump plant, with less errors made in the form of misses or skips. In 1993, tractor planting speed was studied as a variable from 3.4 to 12.3 KPH (2.1 to 7.6 MPH) on spacing uniformity and yield. The average number of seedlings per meter of row was similar for all treatments, however, the variation in spacing between plants generally increased as planter speed increased. In research plots, in-rowspacing and emergence uniformity were studied. Plant population was held constant and three in-row spacings were. developed (1 plant 5 cm apart, 2 plants 10 cm apart or 3 plants 15 cm apart). There were. no differences in yield in this study. Daily emergence was recorded and seedlings were grouped into three categories based on their time to emergence (early, medium or late). Yield was more than twice as much from early than late emerging seedlings, while the medium group was intermediate with respect to yield.

Reduced avian predation on an ultraviolet-fluorescing caterpillar model

2022 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chapin Czarnecki ◽  
Rea Manderino ◽  
Dylan Parry
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
New York State ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Uv Fluorescence ◽  
Uv Reflectance ◽  
Plasticine Models ◽  
Fluorescent Paint

Abstract Many caterpillars exhibit patterns of ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence, although its purpose is unclear. We used realistic plasticine models of a fluorescing caterpillar species, the Polyphemus moth, Antheraea polyphemus (Lepidoptera; Saturniidae), adorned with fluorescent paint treatments and unpainted controls to quantify bird predation in two hardwood forested regions of New York State, United States of America. In separate field studies, significantly more birds struck deployed model caterpillars that had no UV fluorescence. More strikes on unpainted and clear paint treatments suggest paint itself did not impact predation, whereas similar predation attempts on bird and human-visible fluorescent dummies suggest that UV fluorescence and not UV reflectance was responsible for the observed effect. A second study found the dummy’s location on the tree was also important, but the low number of bird strikes limited analyses. Although our results do not identify a mechanism, fluorescence may function to deter or avoid predation. Our study contributes to a growing body of work investigating the importance of UV patterns in arthropods and highlights a potentially fruitful area of future research on predator–prey relations.

Preserving Spring Oat Yields in New York Through Varietal Resistance to Crown Rust

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Fulcher ◽  
David Benscher ◽  
Mark E. Sorrells ◽  
Gary C. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Rust Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
The Impact

Crown rust is the principal disease of spring oat in New York. Management with resistance genes is effective but contingent on understanding varietal responses to local pathogen populations. Field studies were conducted from 2015 to 2018 to assess the crown rust susceptibility of commercial cultivars and public breeding lines under natural conditions in New York. Three of the 10 commercial varieties trialed were determined to be resistant, and breeding lines from five different states also exhibited resistance. On average, yield was reduced by 34.56 kg/ha for every 1% increase in crown rust severity, whereas the impact on test weight was negligible. A race differential panel was deployed in 2018 at a central screening nursery to determine the range of pathogen virulence present. Susceptible interactions were observed on only five crown rust differentials, and virulence on all five has been recorded at high levels across the country. Crown rust may be a limiting factor to oat production in New York, but yield potential and crop value can be preserved by planting an appropriately resistant variety.

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