Chemical and Biological Evaluations of Slow Release Formulations of Four Plant Systemic Insecticides12

1975 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Coppedge ◽  
R. A. Stokes ◽  
R. L. Ridgway ◽  
D. L. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Slow Release Formulations

scholarly journals Applications of Chemically Modified Clay Minerals and Clays to Water Purification and Slow Release Formulations of Herbicides

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Tomas Undabeytia ◽  
Uri Shuali ◽  
Shlomo Nir ◽  
Baruch Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Organic Cations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Slow Release Formulations

This review deals with modification of montmorillonite and other clay-minerals and clays by interacting them with organic cations, for producing slow release formulations of herbicides, and efficient removal of pollutants from water by filtration. Elaboration is on incorporating initially the organic cations in micelles and liposomes, then producing complexes denoted micelle- or liposome-clay nano-particles. The material characteristics (XRD, Freeze-fracture electron microscopy, adsorption) of the micelle– or liposome–clay complexes are different from those of a complex of the same composition (organo-clay), which is formed by interaction of monomers of the surfactant with the clay-mineral, or clay. The resulting complexes have a large surface area per weight; they include large hydrophobic parts and (in many cases) have excess of a positive charge. The organo-clays formed by preadsorbing organic cations with long alkyl chains were also addressed for adsorption and slow release of herbicides. Another examined approach includes “adsorptive” clays modified by small quaternary cations, in which the adsorbed organic cation may open the clay layers, and consequently yield a high exposure of the siloxane surface for adsorption of organic compounds. Small scale and field experiments demonstrated that slow release formulations of herbicides prepared by the new complexes enabled reduced contamination of ground water due to leaching, and exhibited enhanced herbicidal activity. Pollutants removed efficiently from water by the new complexes include (i) hydrophobic and anionic organic molecules, such as herbicides, dissolved organic matter; pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics and non-steroidal drugs; (ii) inorganic anions, e.g., perchlorate and (iii) microorganisms, such as bacteria, including cyanobacteria (and their toxins). Model calculations of adsorption and kinetics of filtration, and estimation of capacities accompany the survey of results and their discussion.

Validation of a fast gas chromatographic method for the study of semiochemical slow release formulations

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 962-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Heuskin ◽  
Eric Rozet ◽  
Stéphanie Lorge ◽  
Julien Farmakidis ◽  
Philippe Hubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Slow Release Formulations ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

Novel highly-swellable and pH-responsive slow release formulations of clotrimazole with chitosan-g-PEG/starch microparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru ◽  
Hitler Louis ◽  
Romanus Uwaoma ◽  
Elias Emeka Elemike ◽  
Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Slow Release Formulations

Pharmacokinetic comparison of two carbamazepine slow-release formulations

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Jensen ◽  
A. Møller ◽  
L. Gram ◽  
N. O. Jensen ◽  
M. Dam
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Slow Release Formulations

Absolute and Relative Bioavailability of a Slow Release Theophylline Preparation in Asthmatic Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-292
Author(s):  
A. L Boner ◽  
G. De Stefano ◽  
G. Vallone ◽  
M. Plebani ◽  
P. Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Slow Release Formulations ◽  
Theophylline Preparation ◽  
Plasma Theophylline

This study was carried out on 14 asthmatic childen aged 7–13 years. They all received three preparations (aminophylline by intravenous infusion, lysine theophyllinate orally in solution and slow release theophylline orally as capsules) in a single dose of 100 mg active ingredient in a crossover design. Plasma theophylline concentrations, determined by a fluorescent polarization immunoassay, were evaluated both by compartmental and non-compartmental analysis. After administration of slow release theophylline, its maximum plasma concentration and the time needed to reach this were (± SD) 3.19 ± 0.63 μg/ml and 8.71 ± 2.30 h, respectively, compared to 4.51 ± 0.94 μg/ml and 1.96 ± 0.85 h, respectively, for the oral normal release solution. Mean absolute and relative percentage bioavailabilities for slow release theophylline in asthmatic children were (± SD) 92.7 ± 23.2% and 83.14 ± 14.69%, respectively. These are similar to the values found with other slow release formulations in paediatric patients.

EFFECTS OF INSECT DEVELOPMENTAL INHIBITORS ON ADULT EMERGENCE OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. McKague ◽  
P. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Slow Release Formulations ◽  
Simulium Decorum

AbstractAdult emergence of Simulium decorum and Simulium tuberosum was reduced or completely inhibited in air-agitated stream water by 0.1 p.p.m. slow release formulations of insect growth regulators. Abnormal pupae were produced when S. decorum larvae were exposed to 5 p.p.m. R20458-4E.

scholarly journals Persistence and efficacy of a new formulation based on dog allomonal repellents against Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato tick

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaires Gomes de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Lorena Lopes Ferreira ◽  
Fernanda de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Karolina Martins Ferreira Menezes ◽  
Elen Regozino Muniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Slow Release Formulations ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Preferred Hosts

Abstract Beagles are less susceptible to Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato tick due to the production of the allomones benzaldehyde and 2-hexanone. Our previous published work showed that these compounds can reduce tick burden on susceptible dogs. Here we tested the hypothesis that an increase in repellent dose and release rate could increase repellent efficacy and persistence. Slow-release formulations of these compounds, with higher doses and release rates, were tested on artificially-infested dogs. Ten dogs were randomly assigned to two groups with five dogs each. The treated group received collars with slow-release formulations of the compounds attached, while the control group received collars with clean formulations attached. Five environmental infestations were performed, with the number of ticks (at all stages) on the dogs being counted once a day for 40 days. No significant increase in repellent efficacy was observed with the higher doses and release rates, whereas a greater persistence in repellent activity was observed. Treatment with the formulations resulted in a two-to-three-fold reduction in the number of immature stage ticks for up to three weeks. However, the number of adults was similar in both groups. Loss of repellent activity after the third week of testing coincided with a marked change in the relative release rates for the two compounds. It is hypothesized that relative amounts, rather than absolute amounts, of repellent release from slow-release formulations are important for repellent activity. We also hypothesize that the avoidance of less-preferred hosts by ticks relies on olfactory-mediated perception of specific blends of volatile cues from less preferred hosts.

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