Effects of Ground Cover Treatments and Insecticide Use on Population Density and Damage Caused by Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Apple Orchards

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Michael Hardman ◽  
Klaus I. N. Jensen ◽  
Debra L. Moreau ◽  
Jeffrey L. Franklin ◽  
Erika D. Bent
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Apple Orchards

Effects of Ground Cover Treatments and Insecticide Use on Population Density and Damage Caused by Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Apple Orchards

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Michael Hardman ◽  
Klaus I. N. Jensen ◽  
Debra L. Moreau ◽  
Jeffrey L. Franklin ◽  
Erika D. Bent
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Apple Orchards

ATTRACTION OF MALE GREEN APPLE BUGS, LYGOCORIS COMMUNIS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE), TO CAGED FEMALES

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boivin ◽  
R. K. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Lygus Hesperus ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Pheromone Emission

In Quebec apple orchards, pheromones are used to monitor a number of pest species (Rivard et al. 1978; Paradis et al. 1979). However, few studies have looked for the presence of sex pheromones in mirids. Scales (1968) detected the presence of sex pheromone in a mirid, Lygus lineolaris (P. de B.), as did Strong et al. (1970) for Lygus hesperus Knight. Subsequently, the daily and annual cycles of pheromone emission in Distantiella theobroma (Dist.) (King 1973) and Helopeltis clavifer (Walker) (Smith 1977) were established.

The Role of Predators and Other Biotic Agents in Regulating the Population Density of Phytophagous Mites in Ontario Peach Orchards

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 808-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Putman ◽  
D. H. C. Herne
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Heavy Mortality

AbstractMore than 40 species of insects and arachnids attack Panonychus ulmi (Koch), Tetranychus urticae Koch, T. canadensis (McGregor), Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson, or Aculus cornutus (Banks) in peach orchards of the Niagara Peninsula. The most effective predators attacking P. ulmi are Typhlodromus caudiglans Schuster, Haplothrips faurei Hood, Stethorus punctillum Weise, and Chrysopa spp. Peach orchards lack the predatory mirids characteristic of apple orchards. A condition, presumably disease, caused heavy mortality in one year. Endemic densities of P. ulmi are maintained in that state by predators, chiefly T. caudiglans, that subsist to a considerable extent on other sources of food, whereas epidemics of P. ulmi are reduced largely by other predators, chiefly H. faurei and S. punctillum, that increase in numbers by feeding on the mite during its period of rapid population growth but exert their greatest effect later in the season by destroying the winter eggs.

Impact of soil management systems on organic dwarf apple orchards and soil aggregate stability, bulk density, temperature and water content

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice D. Walsh ◽  
Angus F. MacKenzie ◽  
S. Salmins ◽  
Deborah J. Buszard
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Straw Mulch

With growing pressure to reduce pesticide use, fruit growers require an alternative to herbicidal control of weeds. One option is the use of mulches or permanent vegetative ground covers, which in turn may have advantages in promoting soil physical properties and improving growth. This study examined the short-term effects of ground cover management in two newly established dwarf apple orchards in Quebec. Effects of cultivation, composted manure mulch, straw mulch, grass cover crops, a cover crop mixture of lupin and wild carrot (mixed flora) and geotextile were determined, comparing soil aggregate stability, bulk density, temperature, volumetric water content and tree growth. Straw and geotextile mulches resulted in higher soil water contents and tree growth relative to soil under grass or mixed flora ground cover. Ground cover maintained soil aggregate stability. Soil temperatures were highest under cultivation and geotextile treatments in spring and summer months, and apple yields and growth rates were greater than for ground cover treatments. Straw mulch buffered soil from temperature variation. Little effect of mulch treatments on soil bulk density was observed. Given that soil water content was the primary factor related to optimum orchard production straw and geotextile mulches promoted soil water retention and could be considered superior management options for growers, depending on costs of establishment and maintenance of the mulches. Key words: Mulches, ground cover, bulk density, aggregate stability, soil temperature, volumetric water content

AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR APPLE ORCHARDS IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC,

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Bostanian ◽  
L.J. Coulombe
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Amblyseius Fallacis ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
The Cost

AbstractAn IPM program was developed to control Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beaiivois), Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), and Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), the annual key pests of apple orchards in southwestern Quebec. The program was found to control other pests, such as Orthosia hibisci (Guenée). Phytophagous tetranychids were controlled with the introduction of an organophosphate-resistant strain of Amblyseius fallacis Garman, Key pests were monitored carefully and pesticide applications were timed to correspond to their presence in the orchard. After an extremely severe winter and late spring frosts, the IPM program failed to provide commercially acceptable pest control. A measure to correct this problem is suggested in the text. This program reduced the cost of pesticide treatments by 34% when compared with pest control practices currently used by commercial growers in Quebec.

scholarly journals Using IPM-CPR as a Management Program for Apple Orchards

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1894-1902
Author(s):  
C Akotsen-Mensah ◽  
B Blaauw ◽  
B Short ◽  
T C Leskey ◽  
J C Bergh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Orchard Pests

Abstract We have demonstrated how management of key orchard pests including the insect invasive species Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) can be accomplished using a systems-level approach termed IPM-CPR (Integrated Pest Management-Crop Perimeter Restructuring) in apple. We conducted on-farm comparisons of IPM-CPR to standard management program for managing H. halys, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (Hemiptera: Miridae) in commercial apple orchards in 2014, 2016, and 2017 in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. The presence and abundance of key pests and fruit injury at harvest were used as a measure of success of the program. We compared the amount of insecticide applied for each management program. In majority of instances, there were no differences in the IPM-CPR and the standard management program in terms of H. halys numbers in baited pyramid traps and stink bug injury at harvest. Damage from C. pomonella and G. molesta in the IPM-CPR treatment was significantly lower than the standard management program in 2014 and 2017. Amount of active ingredient used was on average 62.1% lower in the IPM-CPR treatment compared with standard management program. Despite a reduction in insecticide use, there were minimal impacts on beneficial insects. Overall, IPM-CPR in apples successfully managed key orchard pests, including H. halys, and used significantly less insecticide than a standard insecticide-based management program and could be adopted as a systems-level approach for pest population reduction.

Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in Apple Orchards Receiving Pheromone-based or Conventional Tortricid Management Programs

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-516
Author(s):  
Erik K. Gronning ◽  
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Poecilus Lucublandus

Pitfall trapping was used to assess the effect of a low-spray mating disruption program targeted against the codling moth and leafrollers on carabid communities (potential predators of codling moth, Cydia pomonella [L.], leafrollers [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] and apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella [Walsh]) in the orchard ground cover. Abundance and species richness of carabids were generally higher in mating disruption blocks relative to conventionally-managed blocks. Over 2 yrs, 3,173 carabids representing 62 species in 27 genera were collected. The most common carabids (more than 5% of the total carabid population) were Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) (38.2%), Harpalus erythropus Dejean (11.4%), Poecilus lucublandus (Say) (10.1%), Dicaelus elongatus Bonelli (6.2%) and Harpalus longicollis LeConte (5.9%).

SAMPLING THE DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF AMBLYSEIUS FALLACIS (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) IN THE GROUND COVER OF MICHIGAN APPLE ORCHARDS

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. McGroarty ◽  
B. A. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Amblyseius Fallacis ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
Parthenocissus Quinquefolia

AbstractAn extraction method, timed counts taken from broadleafed forbs, and counts taken on apple sucker leaves were evaluated as sampling methods to estimate populations of the predatory phytoseiid mite Amblyseius fallacis Garman in the ground cover of commercial apple orchards. All three gave comparable density estimates at moderate and high population levels. The extraction sample technique was most effective in measuring low population densities, however the timed vegetational procedure was deemed the most practical method for monitoring these mites for pest management purposes. With respect to predator distribution in the ground cover, mites were aggregated somewhat in the heterogeneous understory, but were almost randomly distributed on apple sucker leaves. Predators were equally likely to find prey irrespective of location beneath the tree canopy. They showed little preference for different plant species with the exception of a higher incidence than expected on apple (Malus) and possibly on grape (Vitus sp.) and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).

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