Visibility and Persistence of Fluorescent Dyes, and Impacts on Emergence, Quality, and Survival of Sterile Queensland Fruit Fly Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2800-2807
Author(s):  
Humayra Akter ◽  
Phillip W Taylor ◽  
Peter Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Monitoring Traps ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Tephritid flies released in sterile insect technique pest management programs are usually marked with fluorescent dyes so that they can be distinguished from wild flies in monitoring traps. Dyes can have adverse effects on emergence, quality, and survival, which can impact sterile insect technique (SIT) success, and so it is important to identify dyes and doses that maximize marking efficacy while minimizing deleterious effects on fly quality. This study examines the effects of five fluorescent dye products, Fluoro Pink, Fluoro Orange, Stella Green, Arc Chrome, and Astral Pink applied at four dose levels (1, 2, 3, and 4 g/liter) on Queensland fruit fly. All dye products caused a similar dose-dependent reduction in percentage of adult emergence. Incidence of morphological deformity of emerged adults increased with dose, and this trend was similar for all dye products. No effects of dye product or dose were found on survival rates over the first 35 d of adulthood, although females tended to have higher survival than males. Visibility varied with dose and dye product; 1 g/liter dye was less visible than 2, 3, or 4 g/liter, and Stella green had lower visibility than other dyes. All of the tested dyes except for Stella green were similar in all assessed metrics of fly performance and are recommended for use in SIT programs.

Trials on variants of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for suppression of populations of the Queensland fruit fly in small towns neighbouring a quarantine (exclusion) zone

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Meats ◽  
R. Duthie ◽  
A. D. Clift ◽  
B. C. Dominiak
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
New South ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Harsh Climate ◽  
Monitoring Traps

Seven small unquarantined towns in the central western district of New South Wales were used to compare variants of the sterile insect technique with respect to their suitability for suppression of populations of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt). Two towns were treated with weekly releases of immature sterile flies at rates varying from 48 000 to 115 000 sterile males per km2. Evidence for suppression was poor (from comparison with 2� untreated towns) and the ratio of sterile to wild flies caught in monitoring traps never exceeded 80 : 1 in the last 4�weeks of any season or 40 : 1 during other parts of any season. However, the recapture rates of the sterile flies and estimates of their survival rates were often as good as the best that have been reported previously. Two other towns were treated with weekly releases of mature flies at rates of 5000–12 000 sterile males per km2. The recapture rates and estimates of survival rates of flies released when mature were unexpectedly low and the ratios of sterile to wild flies were often less than 1 : 1 and never exceeded 12 : 1. The results are discussed in terms of the relatively harsh climate of these towns (located in a region of average annual rainfall of 450–600 mm) and lack of quarantine.

scholarly journals Effect of gamma radiation on the male sterility and other quality parameters of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Mahmoud ◽  
M. Barta
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Female Fecundity ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata ◽  
Insignificant Difference

Bactrocera zonata, a serious pest of fruits in many parts of the world, has recently been recorded in Northern Africa. Even though it has not been introduced to the European continent yet, a strong emphasis is being placed on developing effective measures to suppress this pest and to prevent it from establishing in neighbouring European countries. The sterile insect technique is widely used in integrated programmes against tephritid fruit flies and, in this paper, quality parameters of irradiated B. zonata were evaluated for possible use of sterile insect technique within the management of this pest. Pupae were irradiated (60Co) 48 h before adult emergence (in an air atmosphere) with doses of 10, 30, 50, 70 or 90 Gy. While adult emergence and egg hatch decreased with increasing dose, no significant differences in female fecundity were found among doses. Exposure of pupae to 90 Gy resulted in a total sterility of eggs laid by non-treated females crossed with treated males. Only insignificant difference in the radiation effect on female fecundity was found. Moderate effects on sex ratio and size were recorded, as they decreased gradually by increasing doses. No considerable effect on flying capability was observed, but generally, the percentage of fliers decreased with increasing radiation doses. Fried's competitiveness values of treated males (30 and 70 Gy) suggest that irradiated males compete successfully with non-irradiated ones.

Effect of Irradiating Puparia of Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Adult Survival and Fecundity for Sterile Insect Technique and Quarantine Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2808-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhana Yusof ◽  
Ahmad Zainuri Mohamad Dzomir ◽  
Salmah Yaakop
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Morphological Differences

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on survivability (adult emergence, sex ratio, adult longevity), fecundity (eggs hatchability, number of eggs produced), and morphological differences in the size of the ovary and testes of unirradiated and irradiated adults of Oriental fruit fly [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)]. A dose of 100 Gy was determined as the minimum needed for inhibitory effects against B. dorsalis that would not deter adult emergence, sex ratio (male:female), and adult longevity, with 82.6 ±7.02, 1:1.09, and 107 ± 24.5, respectively. Doses from 50 to 400 Gy range did not completely prevent the adult emergence; however, the emergence decreased by increasing the radiation dose. Adult survivability significantly decreased among all the treatment groups of B. dorsalis, except for the 50 Gy and unirradiated flies. At a dose of 50 Gy, fertile females showed a significant reduction in fecundity by not producing eggs after mating with the sterile males. Meanwhile, the number of eggs laid decreased with increasing dose and no fertile egg was hatched starting at 100 Gy of irradiation. Testes and ovaries of 20-d old flies irradiated as pupae were smaller than those of control flies. In this study, 100 Gy was concluded as the minimum effective dose for the disinfestation and sterilization of B. dorsalis puparia. Results represent new findings used as a basis for sterile insect technique and quarantine programs for managing B. dorsalis, particularly in Malaysia.

Effect of natural predators on Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) control by sterile insect technique (SIT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3356-3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darshana N Rathnayake ◽  
Elizabeth C Lowe ◽  
Polychronis Rempoulakis ◽  
Marie E Herberstein
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni

Short- and long-range dispersal of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni and its relevance to invasive potential, sterile insect technique and surveillance trapping

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meats ◽  
J. E. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cauchy Distribution ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Negative Power ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Cauchy Model

Dispersal of immature and sexually mature Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) from releases made at a single point was assessed from recapture rates obtained by using arrays of traps. The recapture data (pertaining to distances up to 480 m) fitted both logarithmic and Cauchy models although the fits for the releases of immature flies were inferior because of high variability in catches at certain distances. When combined with data previously published for longer distances, a Cauchy model fitted data for releases of immature flies well and indicated that the median distance dispersed after emerging from the puparium was ~120 m and that 90% of flies would displace less than 800 m despite the fact that a consistent trend in declining catch rates can be obtained up to at least 85 km. This is consistent with the tail of the Cauchy distribution having a slope congruent with a negative power curve and thus being scale invariant for longer distances. The distribution of recaptured flies that were released as adults also fitted a Cauchy model with a tail of the same slope, suggesting that the spatial distribution of long-distance dispersers is not only scale invariant but also age invariant. This has significance to the ability of surveillance trapping arrays to detect infestations and also to methods of distributing insects for the sterile insect technique. Whereas the spread of invading propagules in the first generation is likely to be limited by a decline to non-viable density within 1 km or less of the incursion point, the influence of larger infestations on nearby uninfested regions would be limited by the longevity of the dispersers.

Survival, Development Rates and Generation Times of the Queensland Fruit Fly, Dacus Tryoni, in a Marginally Favourable Climate: Experiments in Victoria.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT O'loughlin ◽  
RA East ◽  
A Meats
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Trap Catches

The abundance of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni (Froggatt), is greatest in the tropical-sub- tropical part of its range in Queensland and declines towards its southern extreme in Victoria, where conditions are not very favourable for survival in winter or for a rapid rate of increase in summer. The rate of detection of larval infestations and the level of trap catches of adults indicate that Melbourne (southern Victoria) has had a very low population of D. tryoni each summer for at least 8 years and probably for the last 30 years. Field cage studies in Melbourne, of cohorts started each month as eggs, pupae and teneral adults, indicated that adults emerging from mid-April to mid-May could survive to breed in the following spring. It appears that adults emerging earlier would not survive to produce eggs in spring, and that adults would not be expected to emerge later in autumn because the survival rates of larvae are very low and the survival rate of pupae is zero in winter months. Times taken for cohorts to develop from egg to pupariation, from egg to adult emergence and from egg to adult maturity agreed with the predictions ofthe model of Meats (1981) using temperatures prevailing over the study period. A continuing culture established in a field cage in northern Victoria achieved 3.7 generations in the 1981-82 season. The number and time span of generations also agreed with the predictions ofthe model. It is concluded that a permanent population in Melbourne would have two or sometimes three complete generations per year and never achieve a high density. However, populations in northern Victoria would have three or sometimes four complete generations per year, and relatively high densities may be reached in seasons permitting four generations.

Comparison of Gel Larval Diet With Traditional Lucerne Chaff and Carrot Solid Diets for Rearing of Queensland Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2278-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwo P Mainali ◽  
Tahereh Moadeli ◽  
Fleur Ponton ◽  
Phillip W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Sterile insect technique (SIT) for Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Australia’s most economically damaging fruit fly species, is currently undergoing a major renewal and expansion. SIT relies on efficient and economical mass-rearing procedures that produce high-quality flies. Two solid larval diets, carrot and lucerne chaff, have traditionally been used to rear Queensland fruit fly. Recently, a gel larval diet has been developed to eliminate biological bulking agents from the mass-rearing process, but to date, there has been no direct comparison of gel larval diet with traditional solid diets. In the present study, the performance of flies reared on gel larval diet was compared with the performance of flies reared on carrot and lucerne chaff diets. In addition, to investigate whether the performance of reared flies depends on ancestral diet as well as tested diet, we sourced eggs from a colony maintained on carrot diet and from a colony maintained on a lucerne chaff diet. Overall, the gel diet was as good or better than the solid diets in all quality control parameters, including, egg–larval duration, pupal number, pupal recovery, adult emergence, percentage of fliers, and rate of fliers. Of note, larvae developed faster and pupated more synchronously on the gel diet than on either of the solid diets. At the loading densities used, gel and carrot diets produced less waste than lucerne chaff diet. Gel diets offer a rearing solution for Queensland fruit fly that eliminates biological bulking agents and yields faster and more synchronous larval development without compromising productivity or quality.

scholarly journals Effect of chlorpyrifos on survival, growth and reproductive performance of Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1618-1622
Author(s):  
S. S. Hundal ◽  
R. Kaur ◽  
Avneet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Cocoon Production ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Soil Substrate ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

The present laboratory study was conducted to determine the effect of chlorpyrifos on growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Chlorpyrifos was mixed with soil substrate at four different dose formulations i.e. D1 (2.5ml/1000ml); D2 (5.0ml/1000ml); D3 (7.5ml/1000ml); D4 (10.0ml/1000ml). Soil substrate withoutchlorpyrifos served as control. Growth and survival rates were determined till four weeks and effects on reproduction are assessed after eight weeks of exposure. A non significant decrease (p > 0.05) was observed in body weight of earthworms which was recorded on day 1, 2, 3, 7, 10 and 14. A dose dependent effect on cocoon production and survivability of hatchlings was observed in all treated groups. The effect of chlorpyrifos on life cycle of earthworm was more in dose D3 (54.25 days) when compared to control (28.75 days) while no worm survived in D4 dose. The present study revealed that chlorpyrifos at high dose levels(7.5ml/1000ml and 10.0ml/1000ml) affect the reproduction and growth of earthworms, primary bioindicators of soil fauna, whereas the base dose (5.0ml/1000ml) may be considered as safe for soil applications.

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