Canola Nutrition and Variety Affect Oviposition and Offspring Performance in the Generalist Herbivore, Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 1702-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaminda De Silva Weeraddana ◽  
Maya L Evenden
Keyword(s):  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

SURVIVAL OF PUPAE OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND TWO OF ITS PARASITES IN UNTILLED AND TILLED SOIL

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
R.J. Bilodeau
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Overwintering Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Athrycia Cinerea

AbstractThe survival of Mamestra configurata Wlk. was determined from autumn and spring samples in 1973/74, 1980/81, and 1981/82 taken from unfilled and tilled portions of 12 fields of canola (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.). Survival from the pre-pupal stage in the autumn to post-diapause pupae in the spring varied from 2.9 to 56.5% in unfilled soil and from 0 to 25.4% in tilled soil. In untilled soil, the variations among fields in total mortality of M. configurata were related to parasitism by Banchus flavescens and to overwintering mortality. In tilled soil, overwintering mortality accounted for most of the variability in total mortality among fields. The percentage of mortality from injury to pupae, and their disappearance following tillage, greatly increased but this type of mortality did not account for much of the variability in total mortality. The disappearance of pupae following tillage was attributed to predation. In both untilled and tilled soils, the amount of overwintering mortality was related to the depth of accumulated snow, and mortality was lower in untilled soil because the stubble trapped more snow. The survival of M. configurata was not related to soil type, the type of tillage equipment, or the frequency of tillage. The number of adults emerging from untilled and tilled soil in one field were 2.58 and 0.27/m2 for M. configurata, 5.22 and 2.85/m2 for the parasite B. flavescens, and 4.46 and 3.60/m2 for the parasite Athrycia cinerea, indicating that the survival of the parasites was less affected by tillage than that of their host.Tillage may reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks of M. configurata not only by increasing mortality but also by differentially affecting the survival of its main parasites.

DENSITY, PARASITISM, AND DISEASE INCIDENCE OF LARVAE OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN MANITOBA, 1973–1986’

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Physiographic Regions ◽  
River Plain ◽  
Swan River ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractPopulations of larvae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk., in four physiographic regions of Manitoba showed similar trends over time: a decline from the outbreak of 1971–1972 to very low densities in 1975–1977, an increase to a peak during the years 1979–1981, and a subsequent decline. During the period of peak larval populations, brief (1 or 2 years) outbreaks [at least some fields with > 20 larvae per square metre) occurred at five locations in two regions, the Swan River Plain and the Valley River Plain, but not in the Western Uplands or the Manitoba Lowlands. In the first two regions, larval densities rose rapidly (from < 1.6 to > 13.8/m2) in 1 year. Although the general trend of population density was similar, there were differences in density among and within regions, and in the timing, severity, and duration of peak populations. Two parasitoids (Banchus flavescens Cress., Athrycia cinerea (Coq.)) and two pathogens (a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and fungi of the Entomophthorales) occurred regularly in larval populations. Of these, B. flavescens had the highest constancy among collections and may help to keep bertha armyworm populations at low densities. NPV was rarely found among larvae from low-density populations but appeared in all populations that reached outbreak levels. No single biotic agent could be associated with the population declines because of multiple parasitism and the difficulty in partitioning mortality when only a single sample could be taken. The rapid increase of bertha armyworm larvae from very low to outbreak levels in 1 year will prevent predictions of outbreaks from being based on larval densities in the preceding year.

EFFECT OF LATITUDE ON THE CRITICAL PHOTOPERIOD FOR DIAPAUSE INDUCTION IN THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Hegdekar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
H 20 ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractThe critical photoperiod for diapause induction in pupae of Mamestra configurata Walker in Manitoba was 16 h 06 min at Glenlea (49°38′ N), 16 h 20 min at Grandview (51°10′ N), and 16 h 42 min at Birch River (52°24′ N). The differences in cirtical photoperiods observed at Glenlea and Grandview were not significant. At least two different photoperiods exist, one in the Glenlea and Grandview areas and the other in the Birch River area. In the laboratory, the critical photoperiod was 13.5 h when larvae were exposed to a daily fluctuating temperature regime of 12 h at 25 °C and 12 h at 10 °C. Longer critical photoperiods found for the field populations may be related to the relatively low ambient temperatures to which the larvae were exposed in field cages.

EFFECTS OF AGE, EGG DEVELOPMENT, AND MATING ON CALLING BEHAVIOR OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE),

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1221-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Howlader ◽  
G.H. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Period ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Diel Periodicity ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractThe effects of age, egg development, and mating on calling behavior of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, were studied at 20°C, 60% RH, and a 16-h L: 8-h D photoperiod. Most virgin females called and copulated for the first time during the second or third scotophase after emergence. The first copulation was 17.0 ± 0.2 h (mean±SE) long and was terminated within 1 h after lights off in the scotophase following the initiation of copulation. The ovaries contained the first chorionated eggs before the beginning of the second scotophase after emergence. The first egg laying occurred during the same scotophase in which the first copulation was terminated, i.e. scotophase three or four. Almost 75% of the eggs were laid by the end of the seventh scotophase after emergence. Mated females resumed calling after a refractory period of about 2 days. Once calling was resumed after copulation, most females laid eggs and called nightly, with egg laying occurring during the first 5–6 h and calling during the last 2–3 h of the scotophase. Mated females called for a shorter period during each scotophase than virgin females of the same age (1–3 h vs. 4–6 h). In virgin females, the diel periodicity of calling was advanced and the length of the daily calling period was increased with age until the seventh scotophase after emergence; thereafter, both remained relatively unchanged.

RESIDUES OF METHOMYL IN RAPE PLANT AND SEED FOLLOWING ITS APPLICATION FOR THE CONTROL OF BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1745-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. W. Lee ◽  
R. J. Ford ◽  
H. McDonald ◽  
K. S. McKinlay ◽  
L. G. Putnam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rape Seed ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Rape Plant ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractResidues of methomyl in rape plants and seed were determined after its application for bertha armyworm control. In one experiment application of 3 oz of methomyl per acre left 17 p.p.m. residue on the rape plants immediately after application. This level rapidly declined to 1.5, 1.0, 0.4, and 0.2 p.p.m. 1, 2, 5, and 9 days later, respectively, and no residue was detected (less than 0.02 p.p.m.) in seed harvested 22 days after application of the toxicant. Rape plant samples collected from several farms immediately after the application of 3 to 4 oz of methomyl per acre had 2.5 to 16 p.p.m. residues, indicating inefficient application of the insecticide in some cases. Analysis of rape seed samples collected from 36 farms showed little residue in three samples (0.02 to 0.03 p.p.m.) and none in 33, indicating that the use of methomyl for bertha armyworm control is not likely to contaminate rape seed with undesirable levels of residues.

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