Comparative analysis of rape seed production in Russia and Kemerovsk region

The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of rapeseed production in the territory of the Russian Federation and the Kemerovo region. During 2011-2019, on the territory of the Russian Federation (RF) and the Kemerovo region, a comparative analysis of the sown area, yield, gross harvest of spring rape was carried out. The research results showed that over the past 9 years, from 2011 to 2019, the sown area, both in the Russian Federation and in the Kemerovo Region, has doubled. At the same time, there is a strong variation in this indicator. The variation coefficient ranged from 43.3% to 54.1%. On the territory of the Russian Federation and in the Kemerovo region, an increase in the yield of spring rape is observed by 1.13 times and 1.04 times, respectively. It was revealed that an increase in the gross harvest of spring rape seeds occurs on the basis of an extensive development of production due to an increase in the sowing area and yield.

Estimation of the Required Bio-fuels Substituting Petroleum-based Fuels in Vehicles in the Island of Crete, Greece

The required bio-fuels for substituting petroleum-based fuels in vehicles in the island of Crete, Greece have been estimated. The quantities of gasoline and diesel oil currently used in vehicles in Crete as well as their GHG emissions have been calculated. The quantities of bio-ethanol and bio-diesel substituting 14% of them, according to the EU goal for 2030, have been evaluated. The necessary land area for cultivating energy crops producing the required bio-fuels has been also calculated. The total quantity of gasoline and diesel oil used in vehicles in 2020 in Crete has been estimated at 273,231 tons while their CO2 emissions at 886,702 tons. The bio-ethanol required for substituting 14% of the annual gasoline consumption has been calculated at 29,709 tons while the bio-diesel required for substituting 14% of the annual diesel oil consumption at 24,802 tons. The necessary land area cultivated with sugar beet producing the abovementioned quantity of bio-ethanol has been estimated at 7,427 ha while the necessary land area cultivated with rape seed producing the abovementioned quantity of bio-diesel has been estimated at 24,802 ha. The overall necessary land area, at 32,229 ha, corresponds at 3.81% of the total area in Crete. Energy crops have not been cultivated so far in Crete while the land availability is limited. It is proposed that apart from using bio-fuels in conventional vehicles equipped with ICEs different options for reducing GHG emissions in transportation, including the use of electric vehicles, should be considered in Crete.

Yield Gap Analysis of Rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. Toria) in Kokrajhar District of Assam, India

The present study was carried out at five different villages of Kokrajhar district of Assam where cluster front line demonstration (CFLD) of High Yielding Variety (HYV) of rape seed (TS 46) was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kokrajhar. A total of 652 nos. of front line demonstration (FLD)s were evaluated to find out the yield gaps between HYV toria variety TS 46 and variety grown by farmers. Yield data of both demonstration and farmers practice were recorded and their yield gap, technology gap, extension gap and technology index were analyzed. The yield of rape seed variety TS 46 was registered 22.38 to 50.00 per cent higher over farmer’s variety. On an average technology gap, extension gap and technology index were recorded as 2.28qha-1, 2.08 qha-1 and 20.73 per cent respectively.

Characterization of preparation for fat separators

Fats, oils and greases in waste water frequently cause serious environmental problems. A commercial preparation was tested for its ability to degrade oil and grease in wastewater. As substrates, two fats (lard and beef fat) and four oils (rape seed oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and olive oil) were chosen. The degradation ability of commercial preparation for different substrates was investigated by the determination of lipid degradation at pH 7, temperature 25 °C, aerobic condition and agitation at 160 rev/min for 14 days in Erlenmeyer flasks. Simultaneously, the lipolytic activity was spectrophotometrically determined at 420 nm. All tested substrates were degraded by the different rate to basic units (fatty acids). Rape seed oil and lard were decomposed by bacterial lipase from commercial preparation.

INCREASING RAPE SEED YIELDS BY THE WAY OF HETEROSIS SELECTION

Usage of heterosis effect in rapeseed became possible after plenty experiments which proved existence of the significant heterosis. A level of heterosis in spring rapeseed hybrids varied from 20 to 50 %, in winter rapeseed hybrids – from 20 to 80 %. A meaning of heterosis in rapeseed depended on the estimation methods, environments, gene pool diversity. Scientists do their best to create alternative gene pools using in part method of rapeseed resynthesis.

ESTIMATION OF ADJUSTING INDICATORS OF DIESEL UNDER HIGH-TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE TO DT

Проблема и цель. Цель исследований – определение оптимальных регулировочных значений топливоподающей аппаратуры (ТПА) дизельного двигателя Д-245.5S2, широко применяемого в народном хозяйстве, при использовании многокомпонентного биотоплива. Объекты и методы. Объект исследований – экспериментальная установка, включающая дизель Д-245.5S2, моторный стенд RAPIDO SAK N670, разработанные составы многокомпонентных биотоплив. Содержание стендовых испытаний определялось ГОСТ 18509-88. Исследовалась работа двигателя на чистом дизельном топливе (ДТ) и многокомпонентных биотопливных композициях (МКБТ) с присутствием 15 % и 25 % этанола и рапсового масла, каждого. Методика испытаний включала снятие регулировочной характеристики. Меняли установочный угол подачи топлива в номинальном режиме работы объекта исследований. Не менее, чем при семи значениях угла фиксировались выходные показатели. Ход экспериментов. Значения дымности и токсичности, мощности и экономичности фиксировались, данные эксперимента и последующих расчетов наносились на график. Результаты и выводы. В результате анализа данных были выявлены наиболее приемлемые, с экономической точки зрения, интервалы изменения регулировок системы впрыскивания топлива. изменения токсичности и дымности отработавших газов при разных составах топлива. Problem and the purpose. The purpose of researches - defnition of optimum adjusting values submitting fuel equipments (SFE) the diesel engine D-245.5S2 widely applied in a national economy, at application of multicomponent biofuels. Objects and methods. Object of researches - the experimental installation including diesel engine D-245.5S2, electrobrake stand RAPIDO SAK N670 with балансирной by the balance pendular machine, new structures fuels. The contents of bench tests was determined GOST 18509-88. Job of the engine on pure diesel fuel(DF) and multicomponent biofuel compositions (MCBT) with presence of 15% and 25% of ethanol and rape seed oils, everyone was investigated. The technique of tests included removal of the adjusting characteristic. Changed an adjusting corner of submission of fuel in a nominal operating mode of object of researches. Not less, than at seven values of a corner target parameters were fxed. Course of experiments. Values smokiness and toxicity, power and proftability were fxed, data of experiment and the subsequent calculations were rendered on the schedule. Results and conclusions. As a result of the analysis of data the most comprehensible have been revealed, from the economic point of view, intervals of change of adjustments of system of injection of fuel. Changes of toxicity and smokiness the fulflled gases at diferent structures of fuel.