A modal extension of Jaśkowski’s discussive logic $\textbf{D}_\textbf{2}$

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Mruczek-Nasieniewska ◽  
Marek Nasieniewski ◽  
Andrzej Pietruszczak

Abstract In Jaśkowski’s model of discussion, discussive connectives represent certain interactions that can hold between debaters. However, it is not possible within the model for participants to use explicit modal operators. In the paper we present a modal extension of the discussive logic $\textbf{D}_{\textbf{2}}$ that formally corresponds to an extended version of Jaśkowski’s model of discussion that permits such a use. This logic is denoted by $\textbf{m}\textbf{D}_{\textbf{2}}$. We present philosophical motivations for the formulation of this logic. We also give syntactic characterizations of the logic and propose a comparison with certain other modal systems. In particular, we prove that $\textbf{m}\textbf{D}_{\textbf{2}}$ is neither normal nor regular. On the basis of the axiomatization of $\textbf{D}_{\textbf{2}}$, we give an axiomatization of $\textbf{m}\textbf{D}_{\textbf{2}}$. We also give another axiomatization which is not based on the axiomatization of $\textbf{D}_{\textbf{2}}$. Furthermore, we give a natural Kripke-style semantics for $\textbf{m}\textbf{D}_{\textbf{2}}$ and prove the respective adequacy theorems.

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1469-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Kracht ◽  
Frank Wolter

In monomodal logic there are a fair number of high-powered results on completeness covering large classes of modal systems; witness for example Fine [74], [85] and Sahlqvist [75]. Monomodal logic is therefore a well-understood subject in contrast to polymodal logic, where even the most elementary questions concerning completeness, decidability, etc. have been left unanswered. Given that in many applications of modal logic one modality is not sufficient, the lack of general results is acutely felt by the “users” of modal logics, contrary to logicians who might entertain the view that a deep understanding of one modality alone provides enough insight to be able to generalize the results to logics with several modalities. Although this view has its justification, the main results we are going to prove are certainly not of this type, for they require a fundamentally new technique. The results obtained are called transfer theorems in Fine and Schurz [91] and are of the following type. Let L ∌ ⊥ be an independently axiomatizable bimodal logic and L⎕ and L∎ its monomodal fragments. Then L has a property P iff L⎕ and L∎ have P. Properties which will be discussed are completeness, the finite model property, compactness, persistence, interpolation and Halldén-completeness. In our discussion we will prove transfer theorems for the simplest case when there are just two modal operators, but it will be clear that the proof works in the general case as well.


Author(s):  
Thierry Morineau ◽  
Mounia Djenidi-Delfour ◽  
Fabrice Arnault

This study describes the concept of affordance-based procedure and its implementation in a triage station in a hospital emergency department. Rather than seeking to increase operators’ adherence to procedures, an affordance-based procedure (1) aims to induce task steps using affordances that also (2) support degrees of freedom for action. The design of this procedure was guided by the application of an extended version of cognitive work analysis, named “heuristic cognitive work analysis.” This design process produced a new procedural document: a reception card. Ten months after its implementation, a qualitative evaluation with 10 triage nurses shows that the reception card is viewed as supporting coordination between the different nurses’ tasks and providing an external memory to cope with frequent interruptions during high patient inflow, even though the document is used for convenience and with unexpected and partial uses of its items. The document assessed also afforded emerging benefits, that is, acceleration of ambulance release, higher level of confidentiality, assistance for staff hand-overs. Finally, novice triage nurses are particularly sensitive to the benefits brought by this affordance-based procedure.


Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Shahryar Sorooshian

Tourism provides many advantages for Sweden and the whole world, as well as its travelers. Since almost all types of tourism are currently in crisis as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, information and communication technology is expected to play a role, not only during the crisis but also in the post-COVID-19 era. Thus, with no expectations from types of tourism, Sweden needs to broaden its digital tours. As a result, this letter aims to classify the transition readiness of industry clusters for this digitalization move. An extended version of the TOPSIS technique was formulated and validated, plus a new framework for measuring digitalization readiness for this purpose. Lastly, analysis of the collected data proves that business tourism could lead the change, though adventure and rural tourism are at the farthest point from being considered ready to change.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Chung Au

AbstractThis paper proposes an extended version of the interventionist account for causal inference in the practical context of biological mechanism research. This paper studies the details of biological mechanism researchers’ practices of assessing the evidential legitimacy of experimental data, arguing why quantity and variety are two important criteria for this assessment. Because of the nature of biological mechanism research, the epistemic values of these two criteria result from the independence both between the causation of data generation and the causation in question and between different interventions, not techniques. The former independence ensures that the interventions in the causation in question are not affected by the causation that is responsible for data generation. The latter independence ensures the reliability of the final mechanisms not only in the empirical but also the formal aspects. This paper first explores how the researchers use quantity to check the effectiveness of interventions, where they at the same time determine the validity of the difference-making revealed by the results of interventions. Then, this paper draws a distinction between experimental interventions and experimental techniques, so that the reliability of mechanisms, as supported by the variety of evidence, can be safely ensured in the probabilistic sense. The latter process is where the researchers establish evidence of the mechanisms connecting the events of interest. By using case studies, this paper proposes to use ‘intervention’ as the fruitful connecting point of literature between evidence and mechanisms.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document