scholarly journals The glutathione S-transferase (PxGST2L) may contribute to the detoxification metabolism of chlorantraniliprole in Plutella xylostella(L.)

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yin ◽  
Qingsheng Lin ◽  
Xiaoxiang Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Li ◽  
Xia Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Cruciferous Plants ◽  
Economic Pest

AbstractThe diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), is an economic pest of cruciferous plants worldwide, which causes great economic loss to cruciferous plants production. However, the pest has developed resistance to insecticides. One of such insecticides is chlorantraniliprole. The study of the mechanisms underlying resistance is key for the effective management of resistance. In this study, a comparative proteomics approach was used to isolate and identify various proteins that differed between chlorantraniliprole-susceptible and -resistant strains of P. xylostella. Eleven proteins were significantly different and were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Metabolism-related proteins accounted for the highest proportion among the eleven different proteins. The function of the PxGST2L protein was validated by RNAi. Knockdown of PxGST2L reduced the GST activity and increased the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the diamondback moth. The resistance ratio of diamondback moth to chlorantraniliprole was reduced from 1029 to 505. The results indicated that PxGST2L is partly responsible for chlorantraniliprole insecticide resistance in DBM. Our finding contributes to the understanding of the mechanism underlying resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the DBM, to develop effective resistance management tactics.

scholarly journals Increased Responses of Phenoloxidase in Chlorantraniliprole Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian-Meng Wang ◽  
Jing-Jing Li ◽  
Ze-Yu Shang ◽  
Qi-Tong Yu ◽  
Chao-Bin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables. The use of chlorantraniliprole has been essential in the management of the DBM. However, in many countries and areas, DBM has become highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Three different DBM strains, susceptible (S), chlorantraniliprole-selected (Rc), and field-collected (Rb) resistant strains/populations were studied for the role of phenoloxidase in resistance development to the insecticide. By assaying the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) in the three different DBM strains, the results showed that the PO activity in the Rc strain was increased significantly compared with the S strain. The synergistic effects of quercetin showed that the resistant ratio (RR) of the QRc larvae to chlorantraniliprole was decreased from 423.95 to 316.42-fold compared with the Rc larvae. Further studies demonstrated that the transcriptional and translational expression levels of PxPPO1 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-1 gene) and PxPPO2 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-2 gene) were increased to varying degrees compared with the S strain, such as the transcriptional expression levels of PxPPO2 were 24.02-fold that of the S strain. The responses of phenoloxidase were significantly different in chlorantraniliprole-resistant DBM.

The effects of local selection versus dispersal on insecticide resistance patterns: longitudinal evidence from diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)) in Australia evolving resistance to pyrethroids

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Endersby ◽  
P.M. Ridland ◽  
A.A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Microsatellite Variation ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Local Selection

AbstractWhen strong directional selection acts on a trait, the spatial distribution of phenotypes may reflect effects of selection, as well as the spread of favoured genotypes by gene flow. Here we investigate the relative impact of these factors by assessing resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in a 12-year study of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, from southern Australia. We estimated resistance levels in populations from brassicaceous weeds, canola, forage crops and vegetables. Differences in resistance among local populations sampled repeatedly were stable over several years. Levels were lowest in samples from weeds and highest in vegetables. Resistance in canola samples increased over time as insecticide use increased. There was no evidence that selection in one area influenced resistance in adjacent areas. Microsatellite variation from 13 populations showed a low level of genetic variation among populations, with an AMOVA indicating that population only accounted for 0.25% of the molecular variation. This compared to an estimate of 13.8% of variation accounted for by the resistance trait. Results suggest that local selection rather than gene flow of resistance alleles dictated variation in resistance across populations. Therefore, regional resistance management strategies may not limit resistance evolution.

scholarly journals Expression Profiles and Binding Properties of the Chemosensory Protein PxylCSP11 from the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhui Fu ◽  
Fangyuan Li ◽  
Xizhong Yan ◽  
Chi Hao
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Chemosensory Protein ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

Abstract The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the most destructive pests to cruciferous plants worldwide. The oligophagous moth primarily utilizes its host volatiles for foraging and oviposition. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are soluble carrier proteins with low molecular weight, which recognize and transport various semiochemicals in insect chemoreception. At present, there is limited information on the recognition of host volatiles by CSPs of P. xylostella. Here, we investigated expression patterns and binding characteristics of PxylCSP11 in P. xylostella. The open reading frame of PxylCSP11 was 369-bp encoding 122 amino acids. PxylCSP11 possessed four conserved cysteines, which was consistent with the typical characteristic of CSPs. PxylCSP11 was highly expressed in antennae, and the expression level of PxylCSP11 in male antennae was higher than that in female antennae. Fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that PxylCSP11 had strong binding abilities to several ligands, including volatiles of cruciferous plants, and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac), a major sex pheromone of P. xylostella. Our results suggest that PxylCSP11 may play an important role in host recognition and spouse location in P. xylostella.

A PCR-based approach to distinguish important Diadegma species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) associated with diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wagener ◽  
A. Reineke ◽  
B. Löhr ◽  
C.P.W. Zebitz
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) has a cosmopolitan distribution and is one of the major pests on cruciferous plants. Biological control, especially with species of the genus Diadegma, has been successfully employed in several parts of the world, mainly in South East Asia. The taxonomy of this genus based on classical morphological characters is still unclear and misidentifications are reported. In the present study seven Diadegma species associated with P. xylostella were separated using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analyses. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was successfully amplified in all 167 individuals and digested using 11 different restriction enzymes. One restriction enzyme (CfoI) showed different restriction profiles in all species and also between two population samples of D. mollipla (Holmgren) from eastern and southern Africa. In addition, a new Diadegma species associated with P. xylostella from Ethiopia was discovered.

Identification of the chitinase genes from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.H. Liao ◽  
T.C. Kuo ◽  
C.H. Kao ◽  
T.M. Chou ◽  
Y.H. Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Chitinase Genes ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

AbstractChitinases have an indispensable function in chitin metabolism and are well characterized in numerous insect species. Although the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella, which has a high reproductive potential, short generation time, and characteristic adaptation to adverse environments, has become one of the most serious pests of cruciferous plants worldwide, the information on the chitinases of the moth is presently limited. In the present study, using degenerated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR strategies, four chitinase genes of P. xylostella were cloned, and an exhaustive search was conducted for chitinase-like sequences from the P. xylostella genome and transcriptomic database. Based on the domain analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and the phylogenetic analysis of the catalytic domain sequences, we identified 15 chitinase genes from P. xylostella. Two of the gut-specific chitinases did not cluster with any of the known phylogenetic groups of chitinases and might be in a new group of the chitinase family. Moreover, in our study, group VIII chitinase was not identified. The structures, classifications and expression patterns of the chitinases of P. xylostella were further delineated, and with this information, further investigations on the functions of chitinase genes in DBM could be facilitated.

scholarly journals Update on diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) insecticide resistance and the vegetable brassica insecticide management strategy

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
G.P. Walker ◽  
S.I. Davis ◽  
F.H. MacDonald ◽  
T.J.B. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Insecticide Resistance Management ◽  
Rotation Strategy ◽  
Vegetable Brassica

The susceptibility of field populations of diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella to lambdacyhalothrin methamidophos spinosad and indoxacarb collected from the four major brassicagrowing regions has been assessed approximately every 2 years from 1997 to 2008 Recent results indicate that populations from all regions have increased their resistance to lambdacyhalothrin but there is little or no resistance to spinosad and indoxacarb and reduced resistance to methamidophos This mitigation of resistance in DBM is attributed to in particular a decadelong regional adherence by the vegetable industry of rotating spinosad with indoxacarb in a twowindowsperyear rotation strategy The original insecticide resistance management rotation strategy had to be updated to incorporate chlorantraniliprole registered as a foliar spray and recently a mixture of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam as a seedling drench Seedling drenches have been removed from the twowindow strategy used for foliar sprays with drenches now aligned with periods targeting the highest pest pressure allowing mode of action (MoA)free periods and rotation of different MoA insecticides to mitigate any resistance buildup in DBM

Integrative Model for Binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in Susceptible and Resistant Larvae of the Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella)

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1413-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Ballester ◽  
Francisco Granero ◽  
Bruce E. Tabashnik ◽  
Thomas Malvar ◽  
Juan Ferré
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Crystal Proteins ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis in sprays and transgenic crops are extremely useful for environmentally sound pest management, but their long-term efficacy is threatened by evolution of resistance by target pests. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is the first insect to evolve resistance to B. thuringiensis in open-field populations. The only known mechanism of resistance to B. thuringiensis in the diamondback moth is reduced binding of toxin to midgut binding sites. In the present work we analyzed competitive binding of B. thuringiensis toxins Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F to brush border membrane vesicles from larval midguts in a susceptible strain and in resistant strains from the Philippines, Hawaii, and Pennsylvania. Based on the results, we propose a model for binding of B. thuringiensis crystal proteins in susceptible larvae with two binding sites for Cry1Aa, one of which is shared with Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F. Our results show that the common binding site is altered in each of the three resistant strains. In the strain from the Philippines, the alteration reduced binding of Cry1Ab but did not affect binding of the other crystal proteins. In the resistant strains from Hawaii and Pennsylvania, the alteration affected binding of Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F. Previously reported evidence that a single mutation can confer resistance to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F corresponds to expectations based on the binding model. However, the following two other observations do not: the mutation in the Philippines strain affected binding of only Cry1Ab, and one mutation was sufficient for resistance to Cry1Aa. The imperfect correspondence between the model and observations suggests that reduced binding is not the only mechanism of resistance in the diamondback moth and that some, but not all, patterns of resistance and cross-resistance can be predicted correctly from the results of competitive binding analyses of susceptible strains.

Temperature-related fitness costs of resistance to spinosad in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutelidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.M. Li ◽  
S.S. Liu ◽  
Y.Q. Liu ◽  
G.Y. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractFitness costs associated with resistance genes expressed in the absence of insecticides affect the evolution of insecticide resistance and the outcome of resistance management programmes. However, measurements of fitness costs may not be straightforward as they vary with environmental conditions. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), has developed resistance to spinosad, the first insecticide of the Naturalyte class, after only a few years of field application of this product. In this study, we compared the performance of two homogenous strains of P. xylostella, one susceptible (SS) and the other resistant (RR) to spinosad at an unfavourable, low natural temperature regime, a favourable median-fluctuating temperature regime and an unfavourable high-fluctuating temperature regime. The RR strain showed only marginal fitness cost at the median temperature regime. At the low temperature regime, the RR strain failed to produce any viable offspring, while the SS strain achieved positive population growth. At the high temperature regime, the RR strain showed a 33% decrease in intrinsic rate of increase compared to the SS strain. The results demonstrate that fitness costs of resistance to spinosad are temperature-dependent, increasing in scale at unfavourably low and high temperatures; costs were particularly high at low temperatures. Suggestions for designing effective management programmes are made to delay or avoid development of resistance to spinosad by P. xylostella under different temperature conditions.

Behavioral response and adaptive cost in resistant and susceptiblePlutella xylostellato Chlorantraniliprole

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Passos ◽  
C.S.A. Silva-Torres ◽  
H.A.A. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Male Attraction ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Resistant Strains

AbstractDiamides have been used worldwide to manage the diamondback moth (DBM),Plutella xylostellaL. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), however some strains showed resistance to these molecules. Also, pheromone traps could be used to manage this pest, hence reducing the use of insecticides in the field. Resistant DBM strains may have biological disadvantages in comparison to susceptible strains in areas without sprays, including reduction in fitness or behavioral changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether DBM strains resistant to chlorantraniliprole showed adaptive costs that could alter male attraction to the sex pheromone, in comparison to susceptible strains in the laboratory and semi-field conditions. First, the LC1, LC10, LC25, and LC50of DBM to chlorantraniliprole were established, which were 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, and 0.011 mg a.i. liter−1, and 5.88, 24.80, 57.22, and 144.87 mg a.i. liter−1for the susceptible and resistant strains, respectively. Development and reproduction of DBM strains subjected to those concentrations were compared. Later, male response to the sex pheromone was investigated in a Y-tube in the laboratory and in a greenhouse to pheromone traps. Resistant DBM strain showed an adaptive cost in comparison to the susceptible strain that can result in a delay in population growth in the field when selection pressure is absent. Conversely, resistant males have no olfactory response alteration in comparison to susceptible males, consistently at 3 (P= 0.6848) and 7 days (P= 0.9140) after release, suggesting that pheromone traps continue to be a viable alternative to manage DBM in an IPM system.

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