scholarly journals Temperature, rainfall, and moonlight intensity effects on activity of tropical insectivorous bats

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1889-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulliana Appel ◽  
Adrià López-Baucells ◽  
William Ernest Magnusson ◽  
Paulo Estefano D Bobrowiec
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Activity Peak ◽  
Animal Activity ◽  
Saccopteryx Bilineata

Abstract The extrinsic factors that most influence animal activity are weather and light conditions, which can be assessed at hourly, monthly, and even lunar-cycle timescales. We evaluated the responses of tropical aerial-insectivorous bats to temperature, rainfall, and moonlight intensity within and among nights. Temperature positively affected the activity of two species (Cormura brevirostris and Saccopteryx bilineata). Moonlight reduced Myotis riparius activity and increased the activity of Pteronotus rubiginosus and S. leptura. Rainfall can promote an irregular activity peak during the night compared to nights without rainfall, but the bats in our study were not active for a longer time after a rainfall event. Our findings indicate that moonlight and temperature are the variables with the highest impact on the activity of tropical insectivorous bat species and that some species are sensitive to small variations in rainfall among and within nights.

scholarly journals Moonrise timing is key for synchronized spawning in coral Dipsastraea speciosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (34) ◽  
pp. e2101985118
Author(s):  
Che-Hung Lin ◽  
Shunichi Takahashi ◽  
Aziz J. Mulla ◽  
Yoko Nozawa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Mass Spawning ◽  
Coral Spawning

Synchronized mass coral spawning typically occurs several days after a full moon once a year. It is expected that spawning day is determined by corals sensing environmental change regulated by the lunar cycle (i.e., tide or moonlight); however, the exact regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate how moonlight influences the spawning process of coral, Dipsastraea speciosa. When corals in the field were shaded 1 and 3 d before the full moon or 1 d after the full moon, spawning always occurred 5 d after shading commenced. These results suggest moonlight suppresses spawning: a hypothesis supported by laboratory experiments in which we monitored the effects of experimental moonlight (night-light) on spawning day. Different night-light treatments in the laboratory showed that the presence of a dark period between day-light and night-light conditions eliminates the suppressive effect of night-light on spawning. In nature, moonrise gets progressively later during the course of the lunar cycle, shifting to after sunset following the day of the full moon. Our results indicate that this period of darkness between sunset and moonrise triggers synchronized mass spawning of D. speciosa in nature.

Institutional Environment, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention of Company Employees

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Devi Angrahini Anni Lembana ◽  
Yu Yu Chang ◽  
Wen Ke Liang
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors

From the intentionality-based view, individuals' actual behaviors to initiate a new venture is driven by their entrepreneurial intentions. Company employees have accumulated professionalism and practical experience, which both enable them to discover some unmet market demand and industrial gaps. However, in establishing a new business, not everyone with certain knowledge or expertise has the desire to become an entrepreneur. Prior research has shown that entrepreneurial intentions are under the profound influences of intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. On the one hand, entrepreneurial self-efficacy is one of the key psychological states that makes someone dare to initiate entrepreneurial activities. Institutional environment, on the other hand, can either enhance and hinder an individuals' entrepreneurial motivation by offering incentives or causing barriers. Little work has been done to understand how the institutional environment and entrepreneurial self-efficacy jointly affect company employees' intention to quit their job and start an enterprising career. By using hierarchical regression on a sample of 325 Indonesian company employees, this paper shows that the entrepreneurial cognition and entrepreneurial self-efficacy are positively related to employees' entrepreneurial intentions. Also, entrepreneurial self-efficacy strengthens the effect of normative Approval on entrepreneurial intention, whereas the regulatory Support from Government is detrimental to company employees' intention to start a new venture regardless the entrepreneurial self-efficacy is high or low.

Decarboxylation Reactions in a Photocatalytic Microchip

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Katayama ◽  
Momona Seki ◽  
Kayoko Tokumitsu ◽  
Woon Yong Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
High Yields

The photocatalytic microchip was demonstrated as an efficient platform of the photocatalytic organic reactions, which features an easy control of the reaction time and light conditions. We demonstrated the photocatalytic decarboxylation and the following adduct reaction inside the microchip and successfully achieved high yields of the products.

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