scholarly journals Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) in Amazonian Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Delays Egg Hatching and Larval Development of Progeny

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1739-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Aparecida Chaves ◽  
Ademir Bentes Vieira Junior ◽  
Karine Renata Dias Silveira ◽  
Andreia da Costa Paz ◽  
Evelyn Beatriz da Costa Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Virus Exposure

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a globally important arbovirus and has been reported from all states of Brazil. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infective Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) or Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895). However, it is important to know if ZIKV transmission also occurs from Ae. aegypti through infected eggs to her offspring. Therefore, a ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) free colony was established from eggs collected in Manaus and maintained until the third–fourth generation in order to conduct ZIKV vertical transmission (VT) experiments which used an infectious bloodmeal as the route of virus exposure. The eggs from ZIKV-infected females were allowed to hatch. The resulting F1 progeny (larvae, pupae, and adults) were quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assayed for ZIKV. The viability of ZIKV vertically transmitted to F1 progeny was evaluated by cultivation in C6/36 cells. The effects of ZIKV on immature development of Ae. aegypti was assessed and compared with noninfected mosquitoes. AmazonianAe. aegypti were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection (96.7%), and viable virus passed to their progeny via VT. Moreover, eggs from the ZIKV-infected mosquitoes had a significantly lower hatch rate and the slowest hatching. In addition, the larval development period was slower when compared to noninfected, control mosquitoes. This is the first study to illustrate VT initiated by oral infection of the parental population by using mosquitoes, which originated from the field and a ZIKV strain that is naturally circulating in-country. Additionally, this study suggests that ZIKV present in the Ae. aegypti can modify the mosquito life cycle. The data reported here suggest that VT of ZIKV to progeny from naturally infected females may have a critical epidemiological role in the dissemination and maintenance of the virus circulating in the vector.

scholarly journals Natural Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus in Larval Aedes aegypti Populations, Morelos, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1477-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Izquierdo-Suzán ◽  
Selene Zárate ◽  
Jesús Torres-Flores ◽  
Fabián Correa-Morales ◽  
Cassandra González-Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Zika Virus

Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus by Jiegao and Mengding Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Strains in Yunnan Province in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
Chunling Zhu ◽  
Yuting Jiang ◽  
Qianghui Zhang ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Zhenyu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Yunnan Province

scholarly journals Assessing the vertical transmission potential of dengue virus in field-reared Aedes aegypti using patient-derived blood meals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela da Silva Goncalves ◽  
Kien Duong Thi Hue ◽  
Vi Tran Thuy ◽  
Nhu Vu Tuyet ◽  
Giang Nguyen Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract Background Dengue viruses (DENV) can be transmitted from an adult female Aedes aegypti mosquito through the germ line to the progeny; however, there is uncertainty if this occurs at a frequency that is epidemiologically significant. We measured vertical transmission of DENV from field-reared Ae. aegypti to their F1 progeny after feeding upon blood from dengue patients. We also examined the transmission potential of F1 females. Methods We examined the frequency of vertical transmission in field-reared mosquitoes, who fed upon blood from acutely viremic dengue patients, and the capacity for vertically infected females to subsequently transmit virus horizontally, in two sets of experiments: (i) compared vertical transmission frequency of field-reared Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, in individual progeny; and (ii) in pooled progeny derived from field- and laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti. Results Of 41 DENV-infected and isofemaled females who laid eggs, only a single female (2.43%) transmitted virus to one of the F1 progeny, but this F1 female did not have detectable virus in the saliva when 14 days-old. We complemented this initial study by testing for vertical transmission in another 460 field-reared females and > 900 laboratory-reared counterparts but failed to provide any further evidence of vertical virus transmission. Conclusions In summary, these results using field-reared mosquitoes and viremic blood from dengue cases suggest that vertical transmission is uncommon. Field-based studies that build on these observations are needed to better define the contribution of vertical DENV transmission to dengue epidemiology.

scholarly journals Highly Efficient Vertical Transmission for Zika Virus in Aedes aegypti after Long Extrinsic Incubation Time

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menchie Manuel ◽  
Dorothée Missé ◽  
Julien Pompon
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Gonotrophic Cycle ◽  
Pooled Samples ◽  
Shed Light

While the Zika virus (ZIKV) 2014–2017 pandemic has subsided, there remains active transmission. Apart from horizontal transmission to humans, the main vector Aedes aegypti can transmit the virus vertically from mother to offspring. Large variation in vertical transmission (VT) efficiency between studies indicates the influence of parameters, which remain to be characterized. To determine the roles of extrinsic incubation time and gonotrophic cycle, we deployed an experimental design that quantifies ZIKV in individual progeny and larvae. We observed an early infection of ovaries that exponentially progressed. We quantified VT rate, filial infection rate, and viral load per infected larvae at 10 days post oral infection (d.p.i.) on the second gonotrophic cycle and at 17 d.p.i. on the second and third gonotrophic cycle. As compared to previous reports that studied pooled samples, we detected a relatively high VT efficiency from 1.79% at 10 d.p.i. and second gonotrophic cycle to 66% at 17 d.p.i. and second gonotrophic cycle. At 17 d.p.i., viral load largely varied and averaged around 800 genomic RNA (gRNA) copies. Longer incubation time and fewer gonotrophic cycles promoted VT. These results shed light on the mechanism of VT, how environmental conditions favor VT, and whether VT can maintain ZIKV circulation.

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1169-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan Thangamani ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Charles E. Hart ◽  
Hilda Guzman ◽  
Robert B. Tesh
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Zika Virus

scholarly journals Evidence of vertical transmission of Zika virus in field-collected eggs of Aedes aegypti in the Brazilian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0006594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Fernandes da Costa ◽  
Arlesson Viana da Silva ◽  
Valdinete Alves do Nascimento ◽  
Victor Costa de Souza ◽  
Dana Cristina da Silva Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Brazilian Amazon

scholarly journals Vertical transmission of Zika virus in Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atchara Phumee ◽  
Jakkrawarn Chompoosri ◽  
Proawpilart Intayot ◽  
Rungfar Boonserm ◽  
Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus

scholarly journals Vertical transmission of Zika virus in orally-infected Aedes aegypti produces infectious adult progeny

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Comeau ◽  
Robert A. Zinna ◽  
Taylor Scott ◽  
Kacey Ernst ◽  
Kathleen Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
C 30

AbstractVertical transmission, or pathogen transfer from mother to offspring, can facilitate persistence of emerging arboviruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), in mosquito populations. Understanding vertical transmission and the different environmental and temporal conditions that affect it is important to assess whether new outbreaks could occur without reintroduction of the virus. To determine the rate of vertical transmission for ZIKV, Aedes aegypti females were fed on ZIKV infected blood, maintained under three temperature conditions (27°C, 30°C, and 33°C), and allowed to oviposit three times. Progeny were tested for virus presence at 3, 7, and 14 days after adult emergence. The overall vertical transmission rate was 6.5% (3.9 - 9.9). Vertical transmission was observed across all maternal temperature conditions and was detected in adult progeny as young as 3 days and as late as 14 days post-emergence. In total, 3.4% (1.6 - 6.2) of adult progeny produced saliva with detectable ZIKV, indicating their capacity to transmit ZIKV to humans. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that vertical transmission occurs from orally-infected female Aedes aegypti to their adult progeny at a range of temperatures, and proof that Zika virus can persist in the saliva of those progeny throughout their lifetimes. These results suggest that the virus may be maintained in Ae. aegypti populations without a vertebrate host, allowing for human infections to occur without consistent re-introductions of ZIKV.Author SummaryIn 2015, Zika virus spread to over 50 countries. However, it is not known whether the virus persisted in the outbreak areas or became locally extinct. One way mosquito-borne viruses, like Zika, could become established is by transferring directly between mosquito generations rather than circulating between mosquitoes and humans. This is known as vertical transmission, and happens when the virus infects the developing eggs of infected maternal mosquitoes. As with other mosquito-borne diseases, like dengue, in order to infect humans the virus must be present in the saliva of infected mosquito progeny during blood feeding. We found vertical transmission occurred throughout the infected mother’s reproductive lifetime and across a range of temperature conditions. Vertically infected progeny had Zika virus in their saliva as early as three days after adult emergence, implying that they could infect a person even during their first bloodmeal. Importantly, this work indicates that Zika virus could establish itself in the mosquito population even when human to mosquito transmission is not actively occurring.

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus in Aedes aegypti Produces Potentially Infectious Progeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 876-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Comeau ◽  
Robert A. Zinna ◽  
Taylor Scott ◽  
Kacey Ernst ◽  
Kathleen Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Zika Virus

scholarly journals Spondweni virus causes fetal harm in a mouse model of vertical transmission and is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S. Jaeger ◽  
Andrea M. Weiler ◽  
Ryan V. Moriarty ◽  
Sierra Rybarczyk ◽  
Shelby L. O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Test Vector ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Vector Specificity

AbstractSpondweni virus (SPONV) is the most closely related known flavivirus to Zika virus (ZIKV). Its pathogenic potential and vector specificity have not been well defined. SPONV has been found predominantly in Africa, but was recently detected in a pool of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in Haiti. Here we show that SPONV can cause significant fetal harm, including demise, comparable to ZIKV, in a mouse model of vertical transmission. Following maternal inoculation, we detected infectious SPONV in placentas and fetuses, along with significant fetal and placental histopathology, together indicating vertical transmission. To test vector competence, we exposed Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to SPONV-infected bloodmeals. Aedes aegypti could efficiently transmit SPONV, whereas Culex quinquefasciatus could not. Our results suggest that SPONV has the same features that made ZIKV a public health risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document