scholarly journals Physical Activity and the Risk of Liver Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies and a Bias Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian E Baumeister ◽  
Michael F Leitzmann ◽  
Jakob Linseisen ◽  
Sabrina Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Bias Analysis ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Selection Variable ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Physical inactivity is an established risk factor for several cancers of the digestive system and female reproductive organs, but the evidence for liver cancers is less conclusive. Methods The aim of this study was to synthesize prospective observational studies on the association of physical activity and liver cancer risk by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Medline, Embase, and Scopus from inception to January 2019 for prospective studies investigating the association of physical activity and liver cancer risk. We calculated mean hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. We quantified the extent to which an unmeasured confounder or an unaccounted selection variable could shift the mean hazard ratio to the null. Results Fourteen prospective studies, including 6,440 liver cancers, were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean hazard ratio for high compared with low physical activity was 0.75 (95% CI = 0.63 to 0.89; 95% prediction interval = 0.52 to 1.07; I² = 64.2%). We estimated that 67.6% (95% CI = 56.6% to 78.5%) of all true effect estimates would have a hazard ratio less than 0.8. Bias analysis suggested than an unobserved confounder would have to be associated with a 1.99-fold increase in the risk of physical activity or liver cancer to explain away the observed mean hazard ratio. An unaccounted for selection variable would have to be related to exposure and endpoint with a relative risk of 1.58 to explain away the mean hazard ratio. Conclusions Physical activity is inversely related to the risk of liver cancer. Further studies with objectively measured physical activity and quasi-experimental designs addressing confounding are needed.

scholarly journals Does physical activity reduce the risk of psychosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 112675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Leonie Brokmeier ◽  
Joseph Firth ◽  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Jeroen Deenik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis

Diagnostic performance of optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1677-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I M Miguel ◽  
André B Silva ◽  
Luis F Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundCompared with current imaging methods, the diagnostic performance and the advantages and limitations of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) remain unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating vessel density (VD) in patients with glaucoma using OCTA.MethodsWe conducted a literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ISI Conference Proceedings and Google Scholar, along with a manual search, from January 2006 to March 2018. We included prospective studies that used OCTA to compare the VD in glaucomatous eyes with healthy control eyes.ResultsOf 3045 screened articles, 24 were included in a broad characterisation and 18 in the meta-analysis. We observed a statistically significant reduction in the mean peripapillary VD (MPVD) in glaucoma (MPVD: 57.53%, 95% CI 52.60 to 62.46, p< 0.001) compared with controls (MPVD: 65.47%, 95% CI 59.82 to 71.11; standardised mean difference [SMD], –1.41, 95% CI –1.62 to –1.20, p< 0.001) for 888 glaucomatous and 475 healthy eyes, and also in the mean-whole optic nerve image VD (SMD, –9.63, 95% CI –10.22 to –9.03, p<0.001), mean inside-disc VD (SMD, − 9.51, 95% CI –12.66 to –6.36, p<0.05) and mean parafoveal VD (SMD, –3.92, 95% CI –4.73 to –3.12, p<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a significant difference in the MPVD across glaucoma subtypes and OCTA devices.ConclusionThis suggests the diagnostic utility of OCTA in detecting glaucomatous eyes; however, further longitudinal prospective studies are welcomed to characterise vascular changes in glaucoma.

scholarly journals Body mass index and physical activity and the risk of diverticular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 2423-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagfinn Aune ◽  
Abhijit Sen ◽  
Michael F. Leitzmann ◽  
Teresa Norat ◽  
Serena Tonstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Diverticular Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Dietary Fats, Serum Cholesterol and Liver Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1580
Author(s):  
Longgang Zhao ◽  
Chuanjie Deng ◽  
Zijin Lin ◽  
Edward Giovannucci ◽  
Xuehong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Inverse Association

To quantify the associations between dietary fats and their major components, as well as serum levels of cholesterol, and liver cancer risk, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to October 2020 for prospective studies that reported the risk estimates of dietary fats and serum cholesterol for liver cancer risk. We carried out highest versus lowest intake or level and dose-response analyses. Higher intake of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) was associated with a higher liver cancer risk in both category analysis (relative risk [RR]highest vs. lowest intake = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.69) and dose-response analysis (RR1% energy = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.07). Higher serum total cholesterol was inversely associated with liver cancer but with large between-studies variability (RR1 mmol/L = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.69, 0.75, I2 = 75.3%). The inverse association was more pronounced for serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (RR1 mmol/L = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.64). Higher intake of dietary SFA was associated with higher risk of liver cancer while higher serum levels of cholesterol and HDL were associated with a lower risk of liver cancer with high between-studies variability.

scholarly journals Alcohol and liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1526-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Turati ◽  
C. Galeone ◽  
M. Rota ◽  
C. Pelucchi ◽  
E. Negri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis

Time of maxillary molar distalization with non-compliance intraoral distalizing appliances: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira ◽  
Daniela Cubas Pupulim ◽  
Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo ◽  
José Fernando Castanha Henriques ◽  
Guilherme Janson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Molar Distalization ◽  
Maxillary Molar ◽  
The Mean

Summary Background/Objective To assess the mean maxillary molar distalization time with non-compliance intraoral distalizing appliances. Search methods and selection criteria Database search included PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and a partial grey literature through Google Scholar and OpenGrey. The search was performed until May 2017 and updated on February 2019, without limitations regarding publication year or language. Controlled clinical trials (randomized and non-randomized prospective studies) reporting duration of maxillary molar distalization of Class II patients treated with intraoral distalizers were included. Data collection and analysis For the trials’ quality assessment, the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Cochrane Collaboration’s ROBINS-I tool were used for the randomized controlled trials and non-randomized prospective studies, respectively. Database research, risk of bias (RoB) assessment, and extraction of data were performed by two independent investigators, with inclusion of a third reviewer, if disagreements emerged. Data was combined through a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses regarding side of force application, type of anchorage, amount of molar distalization, and sensitivity analysis comparing study designs were also performed. Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE and SORT approaches. Results Nine studies were included in the qualitative analysis; however, a meta-analysis was performed with only four studies, due to the presence of high RoB in the other studies. The random-effects meta-analysis assumes that the mean distalization time with distalizers is 8.34 months (95% confidence interval: 6.10, 10.58). Another meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between distalization time and the type of anchorage (conventional or skeletal), resulting in no significant difference. Both meta-analyses presented low-quality evidence. Limitations The major limitation of this meta-analysis is the fact that distalization time can be affected by a great range of factors. Conclusions and implications Correction of a half-to-full cusp Class II molar relationship with intraoral distalizers can be achieved in 8.34 months, and this distalization time may not be affected by the kind of anchorage used. Registration The protocol for this systematic review was based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1.0 and was registered at PROSPERO database (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017068737). This systematic review is reported according to the PRISMA statement.

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