Effects of resource sharing directionality on physiologically integrated clones of the invasive Carpobrotus edulis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Portela ◽  
Rodolfo Barreiro ◽  
Sergio R Roiloa
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Carpobrotus Edulis ◽  
System Resource ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Partitioning Pattern ◽  
Aboveground Growth

Abstract Aims One of the key traits associated with clonal growth in plants is the capacity for physiological integration, which allows resource sharing between connected ramets within a clonal system. Resource transport is expected to occur following a source–sink relationship: from ramets established in rich patches to ramets growing in poor patches. However, some experiments have shown that acropetal transport (from basal to apical modules) usually exceeds basipetal transport (from apical to basal ramets). In this study, we aimed to determine the resource transport directionality in physiologically integrated modules of the invader Carpobrotus edulis. Methods We conducted two manipulative experiments under common garden conditions that studied the effect of different nutrient levels located at different positions (basal, medial, apical) on connected and disconnected clonal systems of C. edulis. We compared the biomass partitioning patterns and final biomass of ramets to elucidate whether the effect of physiological integration is affected by the directionality of the resource transport. Important Findings Results indicate a prevalent acropetal transport of resources in C. edulis, with a developmentally-programmed division of labor where basal ramets were specialized in obtaining soil-based resources and apical ramets specialized in aboveground growth. This biomass-partitioning pattern was not affected by the nutrient conditions in which basal or apical ramets were growing, although the highest benefit was achieved by apical ramets growing under the most stressed conditions. This developmentally-programmed division of labor is expected to increase the lateral growth of C. edulis, and therefore could have meaningful implications for the expansion of this invasive species.

Differences in physiological integration between invasive and noninvasive introduced clonal species of Carpobrotus

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio R Roiloa ◽  
Peter Alpert ◽  
Rodolfo Barreiro
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Clonal Species

Abstract Aims Clonal growth is associated with invasiveness in introduced plant species, but few studies have compared invasive and noninvasive introduced clonal species to investigate which clonal traits may underlie invasiveness. To test the hypothesis that greater capacity to increase clonal growth via physiological integration of connected ramets increases invasiveness in clonal plants, we compared the effects of severing connections on accumulation of mass in the two species of the creeping, succulent, perennial, herbaceous genus Carpobrotus that have been introduced on sand dunes along the Pacific Coast of northern California, the highly invasive species Carpobrotus edulis and the co-occurring, noninvasive species Carpobrotus chilensis. Methods Pairs of ramets from four mixed populations of the species from California were grown in a common garden for 3 months with and without severing the stem connecting the ramets. To simulate the effect of clones on soils in natural populations, the older ramet was grown in sand amended with potting compost and the younger in sand alone. Important Findings Severance decreased net growth in mass by ~60% in C. edulis and ~100% in C. chilensis, due mainly to the negative effect of severance on the shoot mass of the younger ramet within a pair. Contrary to the hypothesis, this suggests that physiological integration increases growth more in the less invasive species. However, severance also decreased allocation of mass to roots in the older ramet and increased it in the younger ramet in a pair, and the effect on the younger ramet was about twice as great in C. edulis as in C. chilensis. This indicates that the more invasive species shows greater phenotypic plasticity in response to physiological integration, in particular greater capacity for division of labor. This could contribute to greater long-term growth and suggests that the division of labor may be a trait that underlies the association between clonal growth and invasiveness in plants.

Internet-Oriented Environment for Scientific Computing Resource Sharing

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 2953-2956
Author(s):  
Shu Fang Zhang ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Fei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Scientific Computing ◽  
Distributed Applications ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Resource Monitoring ◽  
Computing Resource ◽  
System Resource ◽  
Measurement Scheduling ◽  
Application Execution

In this paper, we introduced a scientific computing environment for Internet-Oriented computing resource sharing, abbreviate ISCEs, which is a high-performance computing environment that allows users to write and evaluate parallel distributed applications for different hardware and software configurations using a web interface. We described the software architecture of ISCEs by emphasizing Application editor, Application Scheduling Components, and Application execution/runtime modules. ISCEs is efficient which is strongly supported by the time measurement scheduling polices. The system resource monitoring can also benefit a lot from the Application execution/runtime modules. The results obtained from performance analysis show that Scalability and Speedup of ISCEs was good.

scholarly journals Topological constraints in early multicellularity favor reproductive division of labor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yanni ◽  
Shane Jacobeen ◽  
Pedro Márquez-Zacarías ◽  
Joshua S Weitz ◽  
William C. Ratcliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Concave Function ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Reproductive Division Of Labor ◽  
Reproductive Division

Reproductive division of labor (e.g., germ-soma specialization) is a hallmark of the evolution of multicellularity, signifying the emergence of a new type of individual and facilitating the evolution of increased organismal complexity. A large body of work from evolutionary biology, economics, and ecology has shown that specialization is beneficial when further division of labor produces an accelerating increase in absolute productivity (i.e., productivity is a convex function of specialization). Here we show that reproductive specialization is qualitatively different from classical models of resource sharing, and can evolve even when the benefits of specialization are saturating (i.e., productivity is a concave function of specialization). Through analytical theory and evolutionary individual based simulations, our work demonstrates that reproductive specialization is strongly favored in sparse networks of cellular interactions, such as trees and filaments, that reflect the morphology of early, simple multicellular organisms, highlighting the importance of restricted social interactions in the evolution of reproductive specialization. More broadly, we find that specialization is strongly favored, despite saturating returns on investment, in a wide range of scenarios in which sharing is asymmetric.

scholarly journals "We Need More Resources": Stories of QTPOC Survival in the South

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany M Coston
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Trans People ◽  
System Resource ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Nationally Representative

While men’s sexual violence against women is unarguably a social and public health issue, both nationally representative data and smaller studies tell us that rates for LGBTQ+ individuals are equally or significantly higher. Despite this, there remains little structural support for LGBTQ+ survivors. This paper highlights the voices of 38 QTPOC-identified (queer and trans people of color) Southerners who have experienced sexual violence and came together across three focus groups to detail recount their interactions with advocates and other professionals and explore post-traumatic needs. Nearly all survivors reported that the level of awareness regarding sexual violence in their communities was limited, with most reporting that they did not successfully access mainstream services, due to concerns about homophobia, transphobia, and racism. To address sexual violence in LGBTQ+ communities, survivors pointed to the importance of friendship and community networks “outside the system,” resource sharing about non-heteronormative violence tactics, and holding batterers accountable for their behavior within LGBTQ+ circles. Findings highlight the need to move beyond “culturally competent” health care by proactively engaging LGBTQ+ communities in education, networking, resource sharing, and anti-violence outreach.

scholarly journals A test of native plant adaptation more than one century after introduction of the invasive Carpobrotus edulis to the NW Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos García ◽  
Josefina G. Campoy ◽  
Rubén Retuerto
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Carpobrotus Edulis ◽  
Nw Iberia

Abstract Background Although the immediate consequences of biological invasions on ecosystems and conservation have been widely studied, the long-term effects remain unclear. Invaders can either cause the extinction of native species or become integrated in the new ecosystems, thus increasing the diversity of these ecosystems and the services that they provide. The final balance of invasions will depend on how the invaders and native plants co-evolve. For a better understanding of such co-evolution, case studies that consider the changes that occur in both invasive and native species long after the introduction of the invader are especially valuable. In this work, we studied the ecological consequences of the more than one century old invasion of NW Iberia by the African plant Carpobrotus edulis. We conducted a common garden experiment to compare the reciprocal effects of competition between Carpobrotus plants from the invaded area or from the native African range and two native Iberian plant species (Artemisia crithmifolia and Helichrysum picardii) from populations exposed or unexposed to the invader. Results Exposure of H. picardii populations to C. edulis increased their capacity to repress the growth of Carpobrotus. The repression specifically affected the Carpobrotus from the invader populations, not those from the African native area. No effects of exposition were detected in the case of A. crithmifolia. C. edulis plants from the invader populations had higher growth than plants from the species' African area of origin. Conclusions We found that adaptive responses of natives to invaders can occur in the long term, but we only found evidence for adaptive responses in one of the two species studied. This might be explained by known differences between the two species in the structure of genetic variance and gene flow between subpopulations. The overall changes observed in the invader Carpobrotus are consistent with adaptation after invasion.

scholarly journals Effects of Glyphosate Application on Physiologically Integrated Clones of the Invasive Plant Carpobrotus edulis

Diversity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sergio R. Roiloa ◽  
Fei-Hai Yu ◽  
Rodolfo Barreiro
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Carpobrotus Edulis ◽  
Other Substances

Management of invasive alien species is a high priority for biodiversity conservation. Here, we studied the effects of glyphosate application, at 0.06 g/m2 concentration, on physiologically integrated basal and apical ramets of the invasive clonal plant Carpobrotus edulis. Physiological integration allows the transport of resources and other substances between connected ramets in clonal plants. We found a significant reduction of growth and photochemical efficiency both in basal and apical ramets of C. edulis after glyphosate application. Interestingly, we also observed a significant growth reduction in untreated basal ramets when they remained connected to apical ramets treated with glyphosate. This result was interpreted as a cost for basal ramets due to supporting severely stressed apical ramets. Therefore, local application of glyphosate to apical ramets of C. edulis can negatively affect not only their own growth, but also the growth of their interconnected, untreated basal ramets. Our results suggest that glyphosate effectiveness can be maintained when applied only to one part of the clone so that the amount of herbicide used in eradication programs can be greatly reduced, which can minimize the negative impact of chemical herbicides on ecosystems.

Potassium starvation affects biomass partitioning and sink–source responses in three sweet potato genotypes with contrasting potassium-use efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jidong Wang ◽  
Guopeng Zhu ◽  
Yue Dong ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
High K ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Source Sink

Rooted single leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) produce and translocate photosynthates, thus representing an ideal model for characterising the source–sink relationships and responses to various environments. A hydroponics culture study was conducted with rooted single leaves of sweet potato to determine intraspecific variation in growth, biomass partitioning, and associated physiological changes in response to variable potassium (K) supply among genotypes Ji22 (low K-use efficiency), Nan88 (high K-uptake efficiency) and Xu28 (high K-use efficiency). Potassium deficiency suppressed biomass accumulation in blades, petioles and roots in all three genotypes. Root length of diameters <0.25 mm and 0.25–0.5 mm was significantly less for K-deficient than K-sufficient roots of all genotypes, but the difference was proportionally greater in the K-inefficient genotype Ji22 than the other two genotypes. Potassium deficiency also severely inhibited net photosynthesis of blades in Nan88 and Ji22, as well reducing photosynthate translocation, increasing starch, hexose and sucrose concentrations, and decreasing K concentration in blades. The genotypes varied in photosynthesis-related responses to the K deficiency. Xu28 had greater blade K concentration and net photosynthesis as well as stable maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM, with FV = FM – F0) under K deficiency, possibly because of a better source–sink balance and more efficient translocation of photosynthates to roots and K to blade compared with genotypes Ji22 and Nan88. Impaired phloem loading during K deficiency was associated with a decline in photosynthetic rate and decreased carbohydrate supply from blades, resulting in restricted root growth.

scholarly journals Host Genetics and Environment Drive Divergent Responses of Two Resource Sharing Gall-Formers on Norway Spruce: A Common Garden Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0142257 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Petter Axelsson ◽  
Glenn R. Iason ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
Thomas G. Whitham
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Host Genetics

IoT System Resource Sharing Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
pp. 78-100
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Effective Bandwidth ◽  
Bargaining Solution ◽  
Incentive Payment ◽  
Performance Guarantees ◽  
System Resource ◽  
Resource Capacity ◽  
Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm

As the IoT technology continues to grow, it needs to support an increasing range of services. Therefore, IoT networking over which services are provided has become an area of great importance. In particular, the management of IoT resources and the way new technology integrates into the network operator's infrastructure is critical to the success of IoT. The key to supporting a large number of services is IoT system resource. Therefore, all performance guarantees in IoT systems are conditional on currently available resource capacity. In this chapter, we focus our attention on the IoT resource allocation problem. First, an effective bandwidth allocation algorithm for heterogeneous networks is introduced. And then, a new Bitcoin mining protocol with the incentive payment process is explained. To share the computation resource, this Bitcoin protocol adopts the concept of the group bargaining solution by considering a peer-to-peer relationship.

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