The Negative Image and the Repentance of Ishmael in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan: Some Implications for an Anti-Islamic Polemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-244
Author(s):  
Iosif J Zhakevich
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Character Type ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
The One ◽  
Negative Representation

Abstract The image of Ishmael in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (Tg. Ps.-J.) has been interpreted either as thoroughly negative or as ambiguous. While the negative presentation of Ishmael has been used to argue for an anti-Ishmael and an anti-Islamic polemic within the Targum, the Tar-gum's mention of Ishmael's repentance has been submitted as evidence of the Targum’s ambiguous perspective of Ishmael, with the implication that Tg. Ps.-J. is not anti-Ishmael and therefore not anti-Islamic. Beyond this, each interpretation has been used to argue for a relative date of the composition of Tg. Ps.-J. — an ambiguous image suggesting a pre-Islamic date, and a negative image suggesting a post-Islamic date. Focusing on the implications of Ishmael's repentance for the image of Ishmael in Tg. Ps-J, this paper seeks to show that the repentance of Ishmael does not subvert the Targum’s negative por-trayal of Ishmael. On the one hand, the targumist exploits Ishmael's repentance to honour Abraham and Isaac, not Ishmael. On the other, the targumist confirms the negative image of Ishmael by disparaging him in the very context of his repentance. This conclusion, then, affirms that (1) Ishmael is a thoroughly negative character-type in Tg. Ps-J; that (2) the negative representation of Ishmael is a plausible literary device used to deliver an anti-Islamic polemic; and that (3) the composition of Tg. Ps.-J. is better suited for a post-Islamic date — when a Jewish targumist would have had reason to disparage a traditional ancestor of Islam and in this way to promote the Jewish claim of superiority over Islam.

scholarly journals Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos on Croats in Early Medieval Southern Pannonia (DAI, c. 30, 75–78): A Note on Concept and Method of Byzantine History Writing

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Gračanin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
C 30 ◽  
The One

The paper endeavours to discuss anew a scholarly puzzle related to the Croatian early Middle Ages and centred on a few lines from Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos’s De administrando imperio, which in English translation are as follows: And of the Croats who arrived to Dalmatia one part separated and ruled Illyricum and Pannonia. And they also had an independent ruler who was sending envoys, though only to the ruler of Croatia from friendship. Taking a different approach from the complete dismissal of the two sentences as a pure fiction or a mere literary device, the paper instead attempts to trace the concept behind this account as well as its underlying meaning. On the one hand, it seeks to detect the methods or strategies used by the royal compiler in trying to elucidate the past. On the other hand, it aims to provide a thorough historical analysis and offer a possible interpretation in opposition to the view, still largely extant in the Croatian scholarship, that this account is an evidence for an early presence of the group called Croats in southern Pannonia.

Language, attitudes and party politics

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-251
Author(s):  
Dezheng (William) Feng ◽  
Shuo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Republican Party ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Negative Judgment ◽  
The One

Abstract This study investigates Barack Obama’s attitudes towards Republicans and Democrats by analyzing a corpus of 249 Presidential weekly addresses. Analysis shows that Obama’s attitudes towards the Republicans are characterized by a negative judgment of propriety, creating a negative image of the Republican Party, whereas when Republicans and Democrats are mentioned together, his attitudes are characterized by his hopes for and commendations on bipartisan collaboration. An analytical model based on the attitude schema is proposed to explicate the strategies for encoding attitudes. It is found that negative attitudes are always expressed implicitly by recounting events that elicit the attitudes (i.e. behaviors of the Republicans) and performing speech acts that are motivated by the attitudes (i.e. urging the Republicans to stop the wrong behaviors). The patterns of attitudes reflect bipartisan conflict and cooperation on the one hand, and constitute an important strategy to battle against the opposition party and build coalitions on the other.

scholarly journals The trickster and the prison house: The Bakhtinian dimension of ‘the carnivalesque’ in Breyten Breytenbach’s True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist

Literator ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dimitriu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Spiritual Renewal ◽  
Psychological Response ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
The One

This paper undertakes an analysis of Breytenbach’s prison book in terms of the autobiographer's psychological response to his experience of incarceration. Breytenbach’s ‘gallows humour' is shown to parallel the Bakhtinian ‘carnivalesque' with its symbolic destruction of official authority on the one hand, and the assertion of spiritual renewal on the other While looking into the carnivalesque dimension of gallows humour as mediated through the literary device of the trickster figure, I shall show that ‘the laughter of irreverence' goes beyond mere verbal playfulness in that it is part of a spiritually-based programme of opposition.

Development of English referring expressions in the narratives of Chinese–English bilinguals

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIANG CHEN ◽  
NING PAN
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
First Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Referring Expressions ◽  
Discourse Function ◽  
Character Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Learning English

This paper investigates the development of referring expressions in the narratives of children learning English as a second language (L2). Spoken narratives in English were elicited from sixty Chinese-speaking participants at four ages – five, eight, ten, and young adults – using the wordless picture bookFrog, where are you?(Mayer, 1969). Narrative analysis focused on the referring expressions that the L2 speakers used to introduce and maintain reference to story characters in the narratives and on the referential appropriateness of those expressions. We then compared the results of this study with other, similar studies on children learning English as a first language (L1) and found both universal and L2-specific patterns in the development of referring expressions in discourse. On the one hand, regardless of whether English is acquired as an L1 or L2, appropriate use of referring expressions in discourse is developed gradually and is influenced by both discourse function (introduction vs. maintenance) and character type (main vs. secondary). On the other hand, L2 children in our study differed from L1 children in previous studies in the development of referential appropriateness in character introduction, the use of pronominals for referent maintenance, and the timeline of the mastery of appropriate forms for referent introductions versus referent maintenance.

Jason, Hypsipyle, and New Fire at Lemnos. A Study in Myth and Ritual

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Burkert
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Fact ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Classical Mythology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
The One ◽  
Theology And Philosophy

History of religion, in its beginnings, had to struggle to emancipate itself from classical mythology as well as from theology and philosophy; when ritual was finally found to be the basic fact in religious tradition, the result was a divorce between classicists, treating mythology as a literary device, on the one hand, and specialists in festivals and rituals and their obscure affiliations and origins on the other.

scholarly journals Peta Fiqh Mu‘âsir Muslim Progresif

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Iffah Muzammil
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The One ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Many contemporary Muslim scholars argue that Islamic jurisprudence (<em>fiqh</em>) is not ready to face the demands of the modern era. Modernity is so powerful that it weakens the foundation of <em>fiqh </em>on the one hand, and opens up new opportunities that cannot be reached by <em>fiqh </em>on the other. The method that <em>fiqh </em>has introduced is in itself incapable of adapting to new situation and also incapable of addressing new issues such as the issue of human right, constitusionalism and the like. It is in this context that the contemporary Muslim scholars speak out for reform in the methodology of <em>fiqh </em>as well the application of thismethodology in addressing new issues. This paper is concerned with discussing this problem by referring to the thought of some leading authority in this regard such as Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na‘im, Aboe el-Fadl and Nas}r H{âmid Abû Zayd. The paper argues that for these scholars, <em>fiqh </em>has lost its role and power in the modern society because of its discriminative trait. <em>Fiqh </em>must therefore deal with this negative image if it is to restore its influence in the modern civilization.

scholarly journals La puissance des clichés langagiers dans La Cousine Bette de Balzac : entre le dévoilement de stéréotypes et leur reconnaissance par le lecteur contemporain

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
July Monarchy ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

The aim of this article is to examine the stereotypy in Balzac’s novel Cousin Bette, by relying on the scene of a famous confrontation between Célestin Crevel and his metaphysical opposite – Baroness Hulot d’Ervy. José-Luis Diaz underlines that the Balzacian stereotype imposes itself as the imitation of the social norm and all kinds of linguistic, sartorial, behavioral automatisms etc. His research justifies the use of the concept of stereotype in relation to Balzac’s creation, especially because the nineteenth century only knows its meaning in printing. Thanks to the notion of stereotype, we can question on its influence on the behavior of the protagonists. We are also able to identify the character of the social norm of the time and its regulatory mechanisms. On the one hand, the excessively fixed language, like the cliché, allows the writer to imitate the material preoccupations of the bourgeoisie under the July Monarchy by forging, in the reader’s mind, his negative image. On the other hand, this analysis shows that the protagonist’s expression goes beyond linguistic mimicry. The stereotype allows a certain stylistic originality by which the protagonists give the reader a look into their belief systems. In this sense, the stereotype is a mechanism of regulation : it complicates the characters, creates an impression of reality. Finally, this stylistic enity capture the reader’s attention with logically permissible ideas that are morally unacceptable.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

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