scholarly journals Peta Fiqh Mu‘âsir Muslim Progresif

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Iffah Muzammil
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The One ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Many contemporary Muslim scholars argue that Islamic jurisprudence (<em>fiqh</em>) is not ready to face the demands of the modern era. Modernity is so powerful that it weakens the foundation of <em>fiqh </em>on the one hand, and opens up new opportunities that cannot be reached by <em>fiqh </em>on the other. The method that <em>fiqh </em>has introduced is in itself incapable of adapting to new situation and also incapable of addressing new issues such as the issue of human right, constitusionalism and the like. It is in this context that the contemporary Muslim scholars speak out for reform in the methodology of <em>fiqh </em>as well the application of thismethodology in addressing new issues. This paper is concerned with discussing this problem by referring to the thought of some leading authority in this regard such as Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na‘im, Aboe el-Fadl and Nas}r H{âmid Abû Zayd. The paper argues that for these scholars, <em>fiqh </em>has lost its role and power in the modern society because of its discriminative trait. <em>Fiqh </em>must therefore deal with this negative image if it is to restore its influence in the modern civilization.

scholarly journals Gdy Europa choruje, Rosja nie jest lekarstwem

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Marek Menkiszak
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
New Situation ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Ambiguous Position

In the face of a new serious crisis in Europe caused by the coronavirus pandemic, Russia has taken an ambiguous position. On the one hand, it was spreading fake news and, on the other hand, it was providing Italy with symbolic support. Russia’s immediate goal was to persuade the European Union (EU) to reduce or lift sanctions. The new situation provides a new argument to those participants of the European debate who are in favour of normalisation and even reset of relations with Russia. Among them, the voice of France is particularly clear since its President Emanuel Macron has taken up the initiative to build the ‘architecture of trust and security’ with Russia. These proposals, which are now quite vague, are based on questionable  assumptions and deepen divisions in Europe and the crisis in transatlantic relations. By rising Moscow’s hopes for some form of (geo)political bargain, they in fact encourage Russia to continue its aggressive policy towards its European neighbours. An alternative approach based on several principles is needed in the debate on EU policy towards Russia: developing all five Mogherini’s points; maintaining sanctions against Russia until the reasons for their introduction cease to exist; symmetry of commitments and benefits related to limited cooperation with Russia; inviolability of key interests, security and sovereignty of EU and NATO member and partner states; and balancing the dialogue with the Russian authorities by supporting Russian civil society. Europe can survive without Russia but Russia cannot survive without Europe, which is why European policy needs consistency and strategic patience.

scholarly journals ARABIC: تغيير الفتوى بمقتضيات الزمان والمكان

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dr. Abdul Wadood Abed ◽  
Dr. Hedayatullah Modaqiq
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The One

Islamic law, by having features in its principles that are fixed and variable, expresses its authority in any situation and time. Of course, this feature reflects the unique legislative miracle of Islam itself. The source of Islamic law is divine and heavenly, so it has always descended directly through the revelation of Allah Almighty, the Lord of the worlds, and has been arranged according to His wisdom and providence and has been considered in the context of time and place according to their nature and needs. Changing of a fatwa is the change of one rule in a specific issue to another one along with a Sharia cause that agrees with the aims and purposes of the Sharia. Therefore, there is no change in the prescribed rules and the fixed principles of Shari, but Ijtihad, Qiyas and expedient rules can be changed; Because there are many rulings that have been permitted for expediency, after the passage of time and the change of place have led to corruption, which again has become impermissible. The rule of fatwa changing has been valid in the Sharia; Because, on the one hand, the Companions and their followers have used it in their ijtihad fatwas, and on the other hand, Islamic jurisprudence is a developmental debate that progresses together with the caravan of life, no awareness of the demands of time, place and scientific development is synonymous with depriving the Islamic Ummah from virtues and facilities of life, so it is necessary that the change of the fatwa has to be compatible to the change of expediencies, otherwise it will lead to corruption and harm. Statement of the problem: The Islamic jurists have divided the Islamic rules into fixed and variable. This means that the prescribed laws, which are in harmony with meek nature, do not accept changes but the rules which are based on ijtihad can be changed. The discussion of changing the fatwa and its temporal and spatial factors is one of the important issues of jurisprudence that scholars have paid attention to and therefore the answer to these two questions is necessary for the researcher whether changing the fatwa is permissible? Are the requirements of time and place effective in its changing?

scholarly journals Document: An Axiological Aspect

2018 ◽  
pp. 761-769
Author(s):  
Olga A. Ginatulina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Document Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Practice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the phenomenon of document as assessed in the study of value. To begin with, it poses a problem of contradictory axiological status of document in modern society. On the one hand, document is objectively important, as it completes certain practical tasks, and yet, on the other hand, documents and document management are receive a negative assessment in public consciousness. In order to understand this situation, the article analyzes the concept of ‘value’ and concludes that certain objects of the material world receive this status, if they are included in public practice and promote progress of society or human development. Although this abstract step towards a better understanding of values does not provide a comprehensive answer to the question of axiological nature of document, it however indicates a trend in development of thought towards analysis of the development of human nature. The document is an artifact that objectifies and reifies a certain side of human nature. Human nature is a heterogeneous phenomenon and exists on two levels. The first abstract level is represented by the human race and embodies the full range of universal features of humanity. The second level is the specific embodiment of generic universal human nature in specific historical type of individuals. Between these two levels there is a contradiction. On the one hand, man by nature tends toward universality, on the other hand, realization of his nature is limited by the frameworks of historical era and contributes to the development of only one side of the race. Accordingly, document has value only within a certain historical stage and conflicts with the trend of universal development of human nature, and thus receives a negative evaluation. However, emergence of a new type of work (general scientific work) will help to overcome this alienation between generic and limited individual human being, and therefore will make a great impact on the nature of document, making it more ‘human,’ thus increasing its value in the eyes of society.

scholarly journals Eternal Contemporaneity in Advertisements of „Naujoji Romuva“ (1931–1940)

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Gabija Bankauskaitė-Sereikienė ◽  
Eglė Keturakienė
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Context ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
A Performance

Advertising appealing to senses is satiated with the dream of immortality. The society striving for an eternal state of mythical youth lives in the reality of theatre and manipulations. On the one hand, advertising offers certain society life models through myth, archetypical symbols. On the other hand, culture of global observation, watching changes life into an illusion and life simulation. The more a person succumbs to abstractedness of life in advertisements, the greater demand for mythical time, eternal moment and harmony arises. Advertising which has categorically prohibited for a society to get older, gives an individual an illusion of eternal contemporaneity through archetypes. Modern man sees himself as a creator of history, hence, he feels great temptation to take part in an imaginary act of creation. The article provides the analysis of archetypac imagery in interwar advertisements on the basis of insights of R. Barthes, G. Debord and M. McLuhan on mythological structures of thinking, advertisements and modern society of a performance as well as thoughts of M. Eliade on repetition of time. For the analysis publication Naujoji Romuva (1931-1940) has been chosen. The expression of archetypes has been discussed after they have been categorized into three groups under character and general context of archetypal structures: archetypes of world creation, prototypes of man and woman, and mythical, folklore. Prototypes of man as a hero and woman as having a mystic role to continue the cycle of life, as well as mythical, folklore symbols (mirror, horseshoe, spruce, flower) also play the said role. Archetypal imagery is often found in advertisements of cosmetics, chemicals and sealants.

“CULTURE” AND “CIVILIZATION”: ACTUAL MEANINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
NATALYA S. RESHETNIKOVA ◽  
◽  
EKATERINA V. GORLOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Ontological Category ◽  
Sociocultural Research ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Life

The article discusses the main approaches to understanding the designated terms in scientific thought in the second half of the XX - early XXI centuries. Within the framework of modern sociocultural research, on the one hand, national traditions are developing in defining the concepts of "culture" and "civilization", on the other, new connotations are being created. According to the authors of the article, the considered approaches to determining the meanings of the phenomena of culture and civilization are the most significant, revealing the essence of modern society. Culture appears as: an anthropological category, reflecting the creative activity of a person, as an ontological category, suggesting that outside of culture there is no meaningful and meaningful human being; as an axiological category representing a system for storing and transmitting spiritual experience, values and ideals. Civilization acts as a praxeological category that characterizes the level of social and technological development of society, which is characterized by alienation from natural life, the priority of social values over environmental ones, and the transformative-deforming nature of activity.

Social Systems on the Cross

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinos Diamantides ◽  
Anton Schütz
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Darwinism ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
The One

While early 20th century Social Darwinism has been discredited, post-WW2 theories have re-emphasized Darwin's notion of the environment. On this basis, and substituting social systems for natural species, society has been analyzed as a system-in-evolution, a machinery that, reflexively or self-referentially, produces itself at every moment anew. Modern society, according to social systems theory, continuously makes itself, thanks to countless simultaneous communications taking place at once. There are two equally disquieting lessons here. On the one hand, modern law, understood as the communicative system that applies the distinction lawful/unlawful to everything that gets in its way, is placed within an environment constituted by other communicative social systems (the economy, politics, religion, art etc) and the conditions created by those. On the other hand, social systems at large are separated from the realm of human consciousness, i.e. of collective or individual identity (the ‘psychic systems’). While ‘social' and ‘psychic’ systems never meet, they rely on absolute indifference with respect to their other side, as only this indifference enables especially social systems to assure their (superior) fact-creating potential. Our own project consists in spelling out the implications of this scissile sense of ‘meaning’, at once understood as a shorthand for what is actually happening (fragmented communications) and as consciousness-as-identity (imaginary unity).

The Negative Image and the Repentance of Ishmael in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan: Some Implications for an Anti-Islamic Polemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-244
Author(s):  
Iosif J Zhakevich
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Character Type ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
The One ◽  
Negative Representation

Abstract The image of Ishmael in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (Tg. Ps.-J.) has been interpreted either as thoroughly negative or as ambiguous. While the negative presentation of Ishmael has been used to argue for an anti-Ishmael and an anti-Islamic polemic within the Targum, the Tar-gum's mention of Ishmael's repentance has been submitted as evidence of the Targum&#x92;s ambiguous perspective of Ishmael, with the implication that Tg. Ps.-J. is not anti-Ishmael and therefore not anti-Islamic. Beyond this, each interpretation has been used to argue for a relative date of the composition of Tg. Ps.-J. — an ambiguous image suggesting a pre-Islamic date, and a negative image suggesting a post-Islamic date. Focusing on the implications of Ishmael's repentance for the image of Ishmael in Tg. Ps-J, this paper seeks to show that the repentance of Ishmael does not subvert the Targum&#x92;s negative por-trayal of Ishmael. On the one hand, the targumist exploits Ishmael's repentance to honour Abraham and Isaac, not Ishmael. On the other, the targumist confirms the negative image of Ishmael by disparaging him in the very context of his repentance. This conclusion, then, affirms that (1) Ishmael is a thoroughly negative character-type in Tg. Ps-J; that (2) the negative representation of Ishmael is a plausible literary device used to deliver an anti-Islamic polemic; and that (3) the composition of Tg. Ps.-J. is better suited for a post-Islamic date — when a Jewish targumist would have had reason to disparage a traditional ancestor of Islam and in this way to promote the Jewish claim of superiority over Islam.

A Delicate Balance: Religious Autonomy Rights and lgbti Rights in Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Baines
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Faith Communities ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

This article addresses a research gap by analysing the way the Australian legal system is balancing the right to religious autonomy of organisations and the right of lgbti individuals not to be discriminated against, and considers what ought to be the case. I argue that the Australian legal system recognises the value of religious freedom on the one hand, and on the other hand, does not place a high priority on protecting it as an existing human right. My findings reveal that the Australian legal system is not always defining the religion and society relationship in ways that reflect the lived reality of religion in society. The issue is compounded by the wording of religious exemptions under anti-discrimination law which is contested within faith communities. As a consequence, religious freedom can be unfairly restricted. I conclude with recommendations to improve the status quo.

scholarly journals ISU ISLAMISASI ILMU PENGETAHUAN DALAM PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD MUMTAZ ALI

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Saiful Anwar ◽  
Safiruddin Al Baqi
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Muslim scholars or scientists are currently faced with a dilemma of thought and actions in responding to the challenges of the globalization. On the one hand, the onslaught of western thought such as secularism and liberalism is very strong, while on the other hand they must maintain the principles of Islamic law. So that their actions do not come out of Islamic law, it is very important for Muslim scientists to understand the concept of Islamization of Science. The figure who initiated this thought was Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas who then continues until now, one of them is Muhammad Mumtaz Ali. Muhammad Mumtaz Ali's works related to the Islamization of Science emphasize the importance of prioritizing the Islamization of science for Muslim scientists. The spirit of Islamization must continue to be strengthened for the advancement of Muslims. The vision and mission of the Islamization of Science will be difficult to achieve if Muslims are not united to achieve it. All Muslim scientists in various fields of knowledge are expected to understand Islamic law well, so that the knowledge they spread will not conflict with the rules of Allah SWT.

scholarly journals LIBRARIES, SCHOOLS AND MODERN AGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Borjanka Trajković ◽  
◽  
Dragana Litričin Dunić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Era ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The One

For centuries the role of the library was defined as a warehouse of books. Now, in the 21st century, the library is facing perhaps the biggest challenge – its physical survival. The role of librarians is re-branded to reflect their expertise as curators of content and reliable navigators in an evergrowing ocean of information - in any format they might exist. The future libraries shall be open to all the new ideas on how to work better and accept the new technologies. On the one hand, they must recognize the need to change their methods, but on the other hand - to preserve the continuity of their objectives and mission. The new era requires modern models of learning and the attractiveness of the curricula, that is, a modern education system that shall adapt the curricula to the needs of modern society and reconcile centuries of man's need for knowledge, reading books and education in general with the new technologies.

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