Fine roots were sampled at monthly intervals during 1984–1985 in pure plots of Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) and mixed plots of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) and Sitka spruce established on an upland heath in 1969. Both types of planting had received phosphorus and potassium fertiliser but no nitrogen. The mean standing crop of live roots (<2 mm diameter) in the top 5 cm of pure spruce plots was 112 g • m−2, almost double that of mixed stands (37 g • m−2 of spruce plus 20 g • m−2 of pine). Necromass was 80% of total mass in both stand types. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were greater in pure plots than in mixed plots, but fine root capital of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was greater in pure spruce than in mixed plots (biomass and necromass contained 11, 2, and 5 and 45, 4, and 7 kg • ha−1 of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in pure plots, and 7, 1, and 3 and 30, 3, and 3 kg • ha−1 of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in mixed plots, respectively). Production of fine roots in pure and mixed stands was estimated at 181 and 97 g • m−2•year−1 or 715 and 367 g • m−2•year−1, respectively, depending on the method of calculation. Fine roots of pure plots were highly concentrated in the top 3 cm. In mixture, spruce roots had a less extreme vertical distribution and pine roots were more evenly distributed down to 9 cm.
Organic mulching promotes soil organic carbon accumulation to deep soil layer in an urban plantation forest