JAR1 negatively regulates root growth under boron deficiency in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupu Huang ◽  
Sheliang Wang ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Fangsen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Primary Root Growth ◽  
Ja Signaling

Abstract Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Jasmonic acid (JA) plays pivotal roles in plant growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of JA involvement in B-deficiency-induced root growth inhibition is yet to be explored. In this study, we investigated the response of JA to B deficiency and the mechanism of JAR1-dependent JA signaling in root growth inhibition under B deficiency. B deficiency enhanced JA signaling in roots, and root growth inhibition was partially restored by JA biosynthesis inhibition. jar1-1 (jasmonate-resistant 1, JAR1) mutant, mutants of coronatine-insensitive 1 (coi1-2) and myc2 defective in JA signaling showed insensitivity to B deficiency. Ethylene-overproduction mutant eto1 and ethylene-insensitive mutant etr1 showed sensitivity and insensitivity to B deficiency, respectively, suggesting that ethylene is involved in the inhibition of primary root growth under B deficiency. Furthermore, after a declined in EIN3 protein levels, which may contribute to root growth, ethylene signaling was weakened in the jar1-1 mutant root under B deficiency. Under B deficiency, B concentrations were increased in the roots and shoots of the jar1-1 mutant, owing to the large root system and its activity. Therefore, our findings revealed that JA, which is involved in the inhibition of root growth under B deficiency, is regulated by JAR1 activated JA and ethylene signaling pathways.

scholarly journals PIF3 Is Involved in the Primary Root Growth Inhibition of Arabidopsis Induced by Nitric Oxide in the Light

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulan Bai ◽  
Tao Yao ◽  
Miaomiao Li ◽  
Xiaomin Guo ◽  
Yaochuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Primary Root Growth

scholarly journals Blue Light Regulates Phosphate Deficiency-Dependent Primary Root Growth Inhibition in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Ming Yeh ◽  
Koichi Kobayashi ◽  
Sho Fujii ◽  
Hidehiro Fukaki ◽  
Nobutaka Mitsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Primary Root Growth

scholarly journals Effects of green seaweed extract on Arabidopsis early development suggest roles for hormone signalling in plant responses to algal fertilisers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ghaderiardakani ◽  
Ellen Collas ◽  
Deborah Kohn Damiano ◽  
Katherine Tagg ◽  
Neil S. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Green Seaweed ◽  
Algal Extracts

AbstractThe growing population requires sustainable, environmentally-friendly crops. The plant growth-enhancing properties of algal extracts have suggested their use as biofertilisers. The mechanism(s) by which algal extracts affect plant growth are unknown.We examined the effects of extracts from the common green seaweed Ulva intestinalis on germination and root development in the model land plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Ulva extract concentrations above 0.1% inhibited Arabidopsis germination and root growth. Ulva extract <0.1% stimulated root growth. All concentrations of Ulva extract inhibited lateral root formation. An abscisic-acid-insensitive mutant, abi1, showed altered sensitivity to germination- and root growth-inhibition inhibition. Ethylene- and cytokinin-insensitive mutants were partly insensitive to germination-inhibition. This suggests that different mechanisms mediate each effect of Ulva extract on early Arabidopsis development and that multiple hormones contribute to germination-inhibition.Elemental analysis showed that Ulva contains high levels of Aluminium ions (Al3+). Ethylene and cytokinin have been suggested to function in Al3+-mediated root growth inhibition: our data suggest that if Ulva Al3+ levels inhibit root growth, this is via a novel mechanism. We suggest algal extracts should be used cautiously as fertilisers, as the inhibitory effects on early development may outweigh any benefits if the concentration of extract is too high.

scholarly journals Pyocyanin, a Virulence Factor Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alters Root Development Through Reactive Oxygen Species and Ethylene Signaling in Arabidopsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Ortiz-Castro ◽  
Ramón Pelagio-Flores ◽  
Alfonso Méndez-Bravo ◽  
León Francisco Ruiz-Herrera ◽  
Jesús Campos-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Primary Root Growth

Pyocyanin acts as a virulence factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a plant and animal pathogen. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pyocyanin on growth and development of Arabidopsis seedlings. Root inoculation with P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain inhibited primary root growth in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis seedlings. In contrast, single lasI– and double rhlI–/lasI– mutants of P. aeruginosa defective in pyocyanin production showed decreased root growth inhibition concomitant with an increased phytostimulation. Treatment with pyocyanin modulates root system architecture, inhibiting primary root growth and promoting lateral root and root hair formation without affecting meristem viability or causing cell death. These effects correlated with altered proportions of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide in root tips and with an inhibition of cell division and elongation. Mutant analyses showed that pyocyanin modulation of root growth was likely independent of auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid but required ethylene signaling because the Arabidopsis etr1-1, ein2-1, and ein3-1 ethylene-related mutants were less sensitive to pyocyanin-induced root stoppage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution. Our findings suggest that pyocyanin is an important factor modulating the interplay between ROS production and root system architecture by an ethylene-dependent signaling.

scholarly journals Bacillus megaterium Rhizobacteria Promote Growth and Alter Root-System Architecture Through an Auxin- and Ethylene-Independent Signaling Mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
José López-Bucio ◽  
Juan Carlos Campos-Cuevas ◽  
Erasto Hernández-Calderón ◽  
Crisanto Velásquez-Becerra ◽  
Rodolfo Farías-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Primary Root Growth

Soil microorganisms are critical players in plant-soil interactions at the rhizosphere. We have identified a Bacillus megaterium strain that promoted growth and development of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Arabidopsis thaliana plants. We used Arabidopsis thaliana as a model to characterize the effects of inoculation with B. megaterium on plant-growth promotion and postembryonic root development. B. megaterium inoculation caused an inhibition in primary-root growth followed by an increase in lateral-root number, lateral-root growth, and root-hair length. Detailed cellular analyses revealed that primary root-growth inhibition was caused both by a reduction in cell elongation and by reduction of cell proliferation in the root meristem. To study the contribution of auxin and ethylene signaling pathways in the alterations in root-system architecture elicited by B. megaterium, a suite of plant hormone mutants of Arabidopsis, including aux1-7, axr4-1, eir1, etr1, ein2, and rhd6, defective in either auxin or ethylene signaling, were evaluated for their responses to inoculation with this bacteria. When inoculated, all mutant lines tested showed increased biomass production. Moreover, aux1-7 and eir1, which sustain limited root-hair and lateral-root formation when grown in uninoculated medium, were found to increase the number of lateral roots and to develop long root hairs when inoculated with B. megaterium. The ethylene-signaling mutants etr1 and ein2 showed an induction in lateral-root formation and root-hair growth in response to bacterial inoculation. Taken together, our results suggest that plant-growth promotion and root-architectural alterations by B. megaterium may involve auxin- and-ethylene independent mechanisms.

scholarly journals Boron deficiency-induced root growth inhibition is mediated by brassinosteroid signalling regulation in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Mingliang He ◽  
Sheliang Wang ◽  
Liuyang Chu ◽  
Chuang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Signal ◽  
Condition B

ABSTRACTBrassinosteroid (BR) is a pivotal phytohormone involved in regulating root development. Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and root growth of plants is rapidly inhibited under B deficiency condition, but the mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that BR plays crucial roles in these processes. We identify BR-related processes underlying B deficiency at the physiological, genetic, molecular/cell biological and transcriptome levels, and provide strong evidences that B deficiency can affect BR signalling, thereby altering root growth. RNA-sequencing analysis reveals a high co-regulation between BR-regulated genes and B deficiency-responsive genes. We found that low B negatively regulates BR signalling to control BR signalling-dependent root elongation, bes1-D exhibits insensitivity to low B stress, and bri1-301 mutants fails to respond to B depletion. Exogenous eBL application can rescue the inhibition of root growth under B deficiency condition, and application of BR biosynthesis inhibitor BRZ aggravates root growth inhibition of wild-type under B deficiency condition. B deficiency reduces the nuclear signal of BES1. We further found that B deficiency reduces the accumulation of brassinolide (BL) by reducing BR6ox1 and BR6ox2 mRNA level to down-regulate BR signalling and modulate root elongation. Altogether, our results uncover a role of BR signalling in root elongation under B deficiency.One-sentence summaryB deficiency reduces the accumulation of brassinolide by reducing BR6ox1 and BR6ox2 mRNA level to down-regulate BR signalling and modulate root elongation.

scholarly journals Jasmonate Signalling Contributes to Primary Root Inhibition Upon Oxygen Deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Shukla ◽  
Lara Lombardi ◽  
Ales Pencik ◽  
Ondrej Novak ◽  
Daan A. Weits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root Inhibition ◽  
Active Root

Plants, including most crops, are intolerant to waterlogging, a stressful condition that limits the oxygen available for roots, thereby inhibiting their growth and functionality. Whether root growth inhibition represents a preventive measure to save energy or is rather a consequence of reduced metabolic rates has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we gathered evidence for hypoxic repression of root meristem regulators that leads to root growth inhibition. We also explored the contribution of the hormone jasmonic acid (JA) to this process in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of transcriptomic profiles, visualisation of fluorescent reporters and direct hormone quantification confirmed the activation of JA signalling under hypoxia in the roots. Further, root growth assessment in JA-related mutants in aerobic and anaerobic conditions indicated that JA signalling components contribute to active root inhibition under hypoxia. Finally, we show that the oxygen-sensing transcription factor (TF) RAP2.12 can directly induce Jasmonate Zinc-finger proteins (JAZs), repressors of JA signalling, to establish feedback inhibition. In summary, our study sheds new light on active root growth restriction under hypoxic conditions and on the involvement of the JA hormone in this process and its cross talk with the oxygen sensing machinery of higher plants.

Boron deficiency‐induced root growth inhibition is mediated by brassinosteroid signalling regulation in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Mingliang He ◽  
Sheliang Wang ◽  
Liuyang Chu ◽  
Chuang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Boron Deficiency
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