Part VI Terms and Interpretation, 22 Exclusion Clauses and Consumer Protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrews Neil
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Judicial Doctrine ◽  
Time Restriction ◽  
Second World ◽  
Statutory Regulation

An exclusion clause might operate in any of the following three ways: (a) as a limitation clause, imposing a financial cap on the compensation to be paid upon breach; or (b) it might provide for total exclusion of liability for breach; or (c) the clause might constitute a time restriction (an agreed time bar), which requires a claim to be made within a specified period of the alleged harm, that period being shorter than the ordinary limitation period prescribed by statute (ordinarily, six years for breach of contract, twelve years if the action is based on a deed). By a combination of judicial doctrine and (predominantly) statutory regulation, exclusion clauses have become more closely controlled since the Second World War. This chapter explains these responses to this problem.

Underwater Malta: the virtual museum

Antiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Lucy Blue
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Virtual Museum ◽  
World War ◽  
Virtual Platform ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World ◽  
Virtual Exhibition

This brief review assesses a dynamic virtual exhibition that has been curated by the University of Malta and Heritage Malta, with the support of the Malta Tourist Authority and the backing of the Ministry of Tourism and Consumer Protection, Malta. The exhibition, Underwater Malta (https://underwatermalta.org/map/), aims, through a virtual platform, to explore 17 wrecks ranging in date from a 2700-year-old Phoenician shipwreck found off Gozo to a submarine and numerous ships that sank in the Second World War, and a Victorian gun (cannon) site. The most numerous wreck type is aircraft, with nine that were active in the Second World War (Figure 1). While the wrecks are unified by their underwater resting place, the material, their chronologies and the depths at which they are located on the seabed vary considerably, the deepest being the Phoenician shipwreck that lies beneath 110m of water.

scholarly journals OCHRONA KONSUMENTA NA PRZEŁOMIE EPOK – INSTYTUCJA RĘKOJMI W PRAWIE NAJNOWSZYM

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Anna Falkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Second World ◽  
Union Directive

CONSUMER PROTECTION AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY –WARRANTY IN MODERN POLISH LAW Summary The presented article is devoted to development of warranty institution in the Polish modern law. The time frames of this article include the period between 1918 and 2003. The first date marks the beginning of the independent Polish country after the Second World War. The second date is connected with introducing in Poland a new law which implements the European Union directive. This new law concerns consumers and instead of a traditional warranty it introduces a new term of conformity with the contract.

Gender and the Second World War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Peniston-Bird ◽  
Emma Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

Kapitalistische Krisen mit und ohne systemischer Herausforderung.

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (185) ◽  
pp. 543-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
World War ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Global Restructuring ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Class Power ◽  
Second World

This article draws on Marxist theories of crises, imperialism, and class formation to identify commonalities and differences between the stagnation of the 1930s and today. Its key argument is that the anti-systemic movements that existed in the 1930s and gained ground after the Second World War pushed capitalists to turn from imperialist expansion and rivalry to the deep penetration of domestic markets. By doing so they unleashed strong economic growth that allowed for social compromise without hurting profits. Yet, once labour and other social movements threatened to shift the balance of class power into their favor, capitalist counter-reform began. In its course, global restructuring, and notably the integration of Russia and China into the world market, created space for accumulation. The cause for the current stagnation is that this space has been used up. In the absence of systemic challenges capitalists have little reason to seek a major overhaul of their accumulation strategies that could help to overcome stagnation. Instead they prop up profits at the expense of the subaltern classes even if this prolongs stagnation and leads to sharper social divisions.

Zabiegi likwidujące skutki obrzezania wykonywane w Warszawie w czasie drugiej wojny światowej. Wstępna próba opisu zjawiska

2017 ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Maria Ciesielska
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
World War ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Reconstruction Surgery ◽  
Repair Operation ◽  
Manual Treatment ◽  
Operating Technique ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Second World

Men’s circumcision is in many countries considered as a hygienic-cosmetic or aesthetic treatment. However, it still remains in close connection with religious rites (Judaism, Islam) and is still practiced all over the world. During the Second World War the visible effects of circumcision became an indisputable evidence of being a Jew and were often used especially by the so-called szmalcownicy (blackmailers). Fear of the possibility of discovering as non-Aryan prompted many Jews hiding on the so-called Aryan side of Warsaw to seek medical practitioners who would restore the condition as it was before the circumcision. The reconstruction surgery was called in surgical jargon “knife baptizing”. Almost all of the procedures were performed by Aryan doctors although four cases of hiding Jewish doctors participating in such procedures are known. Surgical technique consisted of the surgical formation of a new foreskin after tissue preparation and stretching it by manual treatment. The success of the repair operation depended on the patient’s cooperation with the doctor, the worst result was in children. The physicians described in the article and the operating technique are probably only a fragment of a broader activity, described meticulously by only one of the doctors – Dr. Janusz Skórski. This work is an attempt to describe the phenomenon based on the very scanty source material, but it seems to be the first such attempt for several decades.

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