Part I Marine Living Resources and Marine Biodiversity, 3 The Work of the International Civil Aviation Organization in Respect of Global Ocean Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodotheatos Gerasimos
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Ocean Governance

This chapter focuses on the work of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in respect to global ocean governance. ICAO, which was created to replace the International Commission for Air Navigation (ICAN), has three main goals: encourage international civil aviation and promotion of its benefits; preserve the safety of flights and relevant equipment and installations; and eliminate obstacles and ease tensions related to civil aviation. The chapter first provides a background on ICAO before discussing its role in global ocean governance. It also considers the three pillars of interaction that fall under ICAO’s mandate and are deeply related to ocean affairs and the mandate of marine organizations: aviation, safety/security, and environment. Finally, it assesses future prospects for ICAO with regard to its mandate by highlighting three areas: knowledge building for environmental protection and management, civil–military cooperation in air and sea, and preparedness for emerging/upcoming technological challenges.

Part III Marine Biodiversity Conservation and Global Ocean Governance, 8 Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Securing a Sound Law of the Sea Instrument

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millicay Fernanda
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Preparatory Committee ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
United Nations Convention

This chapter examines the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). It first provides an overview of the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom), convened by the UN General Assembly to make recommendations on the elements for a possible future multilateral agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The material scope of the PrepCom is constituted by ‘the package’ agreed upon in 2011 and includes the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. The chapter discusses the challenges of the package, focusing on two interlinked dimensions of the package plus the big issue that underlies it. It also considers two main tasks facing PrepCom: the first is to clearly identify all elements of each substantive set of issues composing the package, and the second task is to understand the implications of each element of these three substantive sets of issues and the inter-linkages between them.

Part I Marine Living Resources and Marine Biodiversity, 2 The Work of the UNESCO-IOC in Respect of Global Ocean Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehlers Peter
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

This chapter focuses on the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), a separate unit of UNESCO, in respect to global ocean governance. The functions of IOC are part of the system of ocean governance, based on 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Its purpose is to promote international cooperation and to coordinate programmes in research, services and capacity building, in order to learn more about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas and to apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, the protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States. The chapter first provides an overview of IOC’s purpose and organisational structure, its collaboration with international organizations with regard to ocean governance, and its ocean governance-related activities before discussing the ways in which it contributes to capacity building and enhancing ocean governance.

Part I Assessing the UN Institutional Structure for Global Ocean Governance: The UN’s Role in Global Ocean Governance, 1 The Role of the United Nations, including its Secretariat in Global Ocean Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goettsche-Wanli Gabriele
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
The United Nations

This chapter examines the role of the United Nations and its related institutions for global ocean governance, including those established by the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It first considers the main issues that these institutions have addressed, ranging from sustainable fisheries, via ecosystem protection, to marine biodiversity conservation; and more recently, maritime security. It then argues that the impacts of climate change have arguably not been directly addressed by either the global ocean governance regime, as it is currently constituted, nor by the climate change regime, at least until recent developments through the 2015 Paris Agreement relating to adaptation and mitigation measures in direct response to sea-level rise and the effects of ocean acidification. The chapter proceeds by discussing UNCLOS and its related legal instruments, UN Conferences and Summit on sustainable development, and the role played by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in global ocean governance.

scholarly journals Organizational and legal attributes of subjects of the authorities in the field of civil aviation of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Yuriy Pyvovar ◽  
Olga Husar ◽  
Iryna Ustynova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Legal Nature

In this paper, a concept and attributes of subjects of the authorities in the field of civil aviation have been defined. It has been determined that public authorities are a complex, dynamical, hierarchically constructed, multifunctional system of a state-legal nature. Aviation safety is an integral attribute of this system. The classification of aviation transportation subjects according to the legislation of the United States of America and the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization has been given. The methods of system analysis, formally-juridical and a method of classification have been used. It has been suggested to improve the Air legislation of Ukraine in accordance with the ICAO requirements.  

8 The IMO’s Work on Environmental Protection and Global Ocean Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chircop Aldo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
International Organization ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
The Law

This chapter surveys the extensive work undertaken by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to protect the marine environment. It argues that marine environment issues cannot be the exclusive responsibility of one international organization, even one as proactive as the IMO. The chapter offers a variety of suggestions that might be looked into to improve the effectiveness of IMO measures. It also notes that flag states do not always live up to their responsibilities under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) with regard to the exercise of effective control and jurisdiction over ships flying their flags. In this light, Port State Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) reports frequently observe substantial deficiencies on a number of vessels, whether flagged under open registries or not. It remains to be seen whether the recently adopted IMO compulsory audit scheme may cast further light on these issues.

Part V Regional Perspectives on Global Ocean Governance, 15 The Australian and Antarctic Perspective on Global Ocean Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warner Robin
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Security ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
The Antarctic

This chapter examines issues of global ocean governance in Australia and Antarctica. It first provides an overview of Australia's law and policy framework for ocean governance as well as its maritime jurisdiction before discussing issues regarding management of rights and responsibilities on Australia's extended continental shelf. It then considers Australia's engagement with regional initiatives to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity, and the ways it addresses global and regional maritime security. In particular, it analyses the Australian Oceans Policy on maritime security and how it evolved in response to rising instances of ‘people-smuggling’ incidents to establish both national and regional policies against this practice. The chapter goes on to assess ocean governance in Antarctica, focusing on the Antarctic Treaty and the cooperation among its partners in the development of a comprehensive environmental protection regime which applies to marine areas both within and beyond national jurisdiction.

scholarly journals Institutionalisation, Capability and Effectiveness of Aviation Safety Management Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Nektarios Karanikas ◽  
Alfred Roelen ◽  
Alistair Vardy ◽  
Steffen Kaspers
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Safety Management Systems ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Component Element

In the frame of an on-going 4-years research project, the Aviation Academy Safety Management Systems (AVAC-SMS) metric for the self-assessment of aviation Safety Management Systems (SMS) was designed based on the Safety Management Manual of the International Civil Aviation Organization and in cooperation with knowledge experts and aviation companies. The particular metric evaluates three areas, namely (1) the degree of institutionalisation of SMS (design and implementation of processes), (2) the extent of managers' capability to deliver the SMS processes, and (3) the employees' perceived effectiveness of the SMS-related deliverables. The metric concludes with a score per area and per SMS component/element assessed, and it is scalable to the size and complexity of each organisation. Results of a survey at 18 aviation companies did not show statistically significant differences in their SMS scores across all three assessment areas but revealed a distance between the area of Institutionalization and the areas of Capability and Effectiveness. Also, differences were detected regarding the scores per SMS component and element within and across companies and assessment areas. The various assessment options offered for the AVAC-SMS metric accommodates the resources each SME and large company can invest in the application of the metric. Even the lowest level of resolution of the SMS metric can trigger companies to investigate further their weaker areas and foster their SMS-related activities. Therefore, the AVAC-SMS metric is deemed useful to organisations that want to self-assess their SMS and proceed to comparisons amongst various functions and levels and/or over time.

scholarly journals The Role of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) in Implementing International Flight Safety Standards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfita Agustini ◽  
Yaya Kareng ◽  
Ong Argo Victoria
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Valuable Role

This study offers an assessment of the work of International Organizations regarding the Role of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in implementing international aviation safety standards, focusing on PT Lion Airlines in Indonesia. The study assesses the role of ICAO’s goals for international aviation safety and analyses the organisation’s safety standards as applied in Indonesia to PT Lion Airlines. Descriptive analysis is employed to describe all events or processes that are taking place by collecting data and then analyzing and interpreting it in a hypothesis testing. Based on the results of this study, ICAO performs a valuable role in ensuring safety and security in international flights. Keywords: ICAO’s Role, Aviation, Safety

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