Brazilian Climate Change Law

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Alvarenga Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Change Policy

This chapter examines the climate change policy of Brazil. In 2010 at the Sixteenth Conference of Parties in Cancún, Brazil announced its voluntary national target of significantly reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions between 36.1 per cent and 38.9 per cent of projected emissions by 2020. These targets were defined in the Brazilian National Policy on Climate Change (PNMC). The PNMC establishes principles, guidelines, and economic instruments for reaching the national voluntary targets. It relies on sectoral plans for mitigation and adaptation to climate change in order to facilitate the move towards a low-carbon economy. The PNMC defined various aspects related to the measurement of goals, formulation of sectoral plans and of action plans for the prevention and control of deforestation in all Brazilian biomes, and governance structure.

scholarly journals Plano Setorial de Mitigação e Adaptação às Mudanças Climáticas para Consolidação da Economia de Baixa Emissão de Carbono na Agricultura – PLANO ABC (Sectoral Plan for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change for a Consolidation Economy Low Carbon...)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Deckers Amaral ◽  
Luiz Adriano Maia Cordeiro ◽  
Paulo Roberto Galerani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

A crescente concentração atmosférica de alguns Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE) é comprovadamente a principal responsável pelo aquecimento global. Isto tem levado vários países a se preocuparem com as consequências desse fenômeno. O aquecimento da atmosfera está ocorrendo de forma não natural e por interferência humana, o que pode levar a mudanças no clima. Nas últimas décadas, tem sido observado aumento na frequência e intensidade de secas, inundações, ciclones, derretimento de geleiras, aumento do nível do mar, etc. Esta nova realidade climática pode afetar negativamente a agricultura e outras atividades econômicas. Muitas propostas têm sido apresentadas para atenuar os efeitos deste problema. No caso da agricultura, tecnologias sustentáveis podem ser adotadas para mitigar emissões de GEE, e ao mesmo tempo promoverem a retenção de carbono na biomassa e no solo. Durante a COP-15, em Copenhague, Dinamarca, o governo brasileiro assumiu um compromisso voluntário de redução das emissões de GEE projetadas para 2020, entre 36,1% e 38,9%, estimando assim uma redução da ordem de 1 bilhão de Mg de CO2 eq. Palavras - chave: Agricultura sustentável, política pública, agricultura de baixa emissão de carbono.  Sectoral Plan for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change for a Consolidation Economy Low Carbon Agriculture - ABC PLAN  ABSTRACTThe greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere are increasing and this process is the principal  cause of the Global Warming. The consequence of this phenomenon has worried many countries. The atmospheric warming is occurring by non-naturally means due to human interference and it can lead to climate change. In the last decades, it has been observed increasing intensity of dry seasons, floods, cyclones, tornadoes, melting glaciers, increase in sea level, etc. This new climate scenario can adversely affect agriculture and other economic activities. A lot of proposals have been presented to mitigate the effects of Global Warming. In agriculture, sustainable technologies can be adopted to mitigate GHG emissions, while promoting the retention of carbon in biomass and soil. In the last COP-15, in Copenhagen, Denmark, the Brazilian government committed to reducing GHG intensity by 36.1% and 38.9% by the year 2020. It is estimated that about 1 billion Mg CO2 equivalent will be sequestered from the atmosphere.  Keywords: sustainable agriculture, public policy, agriculture in low-carbon.

scholarly journals Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into sectoral policies in Nepal: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Pashupati Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Issue ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Government Operation ◽  
The Government

Nepalese people have experienced climate variability for a long time and the mitigation and adaptation responses they have made to reduce the effect of climate variability are not new phenomena for Nepal. However, mainstreaming climate change issues into sectoral policies from the government can be seen as recent activities in Nepal. Nepal has contributed negligible amount of emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) of global greenhouse gas, it is the fourth most vulnerable country in the world. In this context, this paper aims to review climate change adaptation policies in terms of sectoral integration. This paper has adopted text-mining method for information retrieval and knowledge mining and followed step-by-step approach to undertake review of policies. It concludes that National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) in 2010 can be a milestone in sectoral adaptation of climate change issue largely because it has provided the national framework for sectoral adaptation to climate change. However, NAPA ignores the importance of structural and institutional reforms needed for mainstreaming climate change adaptation into sectoral agencies. Climate change Policy, 2011, Local Adaptation Plan of Action (LAPA) 2011, Constitution of Nepal, 2015, Local Government Operation Act (LGOA) 2017, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2017 and National REDD+ Strategy, 2018 are other prominent legislative and policy frameworks that have significant contribution in sectoral integration of climate change adaptation issues. However, lack of climate change act in order to implement fully these policies into practice for its implementation can be a major obstacle to achieve the goal. In this context, strong legislative foundation with effective institutional mechanism among different sectors will be very crucial to capture the spirit of new Federal Constitution of Nepal.

scholarly journals Victims of "adaptation": climate change, sacred mountains, and perverse resilience

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Adam Dunstan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Policy Adaptation ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Sacred Mountain ◽  
Sacred Lands

<p>Resiliency and adaptation are increasingly prevalent in climate change policy as well as scholarship, yet scholars have brought forward several critiques of these concepts along analytical as well as political lines. Pressing questions include: who resiliency is for, what it takes to maintain it, and the scale at which it takes place. The concept of "perverse resilience", for example, proposes that resiliency for one sub-system may threaten the well-being of the overall system. In this article, I propose the related concept of "perverse adaptation", where one actor or institution's adaptation to climate change in fact produces aftershocks and secondary impacts upon other groups. Drawing on ethnographic and sociolinguistic research in northern Arizona regarding artificial snowmaking at a ski resort on a sacred mountain, I elucidate resort supporters' and others' attempts to frame snowmaking as a sustainable adaptation to drought (and, implicitly, climate change). I counterpoise these framings with narratives from local activists as well as Diné (Navajo) individuals regarding the significant impacts of snowmaking on water supply and quality, sacred lands and ceremony, public health, and, ironically, carbon emissions. In so doing, I argue that we must interrogate resilience policies for their unexpected "victims of adaptation."</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>climate change policy, adaptation, perverse resilience, sacred sites, Diné (Navajo)</p>

Informing Climate Change Policy Through Economics and Engineering Perspectives on Energy Efficiency

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Sreedharan ◽  
Alan H. Sanstad ◽  
Joe Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
State And Local ◽  
End Use

Energy “sustainability” and energy supply have again emerged as central public policy issues and are at the intersection of the economic, environmental, and security challenges facing the nation and the world. The goal of significantly reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with energy production and consumption, while maintaining affordable and reliable energy supplies, is one of the most important issues. Among the strategies for achieving this goal, increasing the efficiency of energy consumption in buildings is being emphasized to a degree not seen since the 1970s. “End-use” efficiency is the core of the State of California’s landmark effort to reduce its GHG emissions, of other state and local climate-change initiatives, and is emphasized in emerging federal GHG abatement legislation. Both economic and engineering methods are used to analyze energy efficiency, but the two paradigms provide different perspectives on the market and technological factors that affect the diffusion of energy efficiency. These disparate perspectives influence what is considered the appropriate role and design of public policy for leveraging not just efficient end-use technology, but other sustainable energy technologies. We review the two approaches and their current roles in the GHG policy process by describing, for illustrative purposes, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s assessment of energy efficiency in the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 Discussion Draft. We highlight opportunities and needs for improved coordination between the engineering, economic and policy communities. Our view is that a better understanding of disciplinary differences and complementarities in perspectives and analytical methods between these communities will benefit the climate change policy process.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency and GHG Emissions Mapping of Buildings for Decision-Making Processes against Climate Change at the Local Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Lorenzo-Sáez ◽  
José-Vicente Oliver-Villanueva ◽  
Eloina Coll-Aliaga ◽  
Lenin-Guillermo Lemus-Zúñiga ◽  
Victoria Lerma-Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy

Buildings have become a key source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to the consumption of primary energy, especially when used to achieve thermal comfort conditions. In addition, buildings play a key role for adapting societies to climate change by achieving more energy efficiency. Therefore, buildings have become a key sector to tackle climate change at the local level. However, public decision-makers do not have tools with enough spatial resolution to prioritise and focus the available resources and efforts in an efficient manner. The objective of the research is to develop an innovative methodology based on a geographic information system (GIS) for mapping primary energy consumption and GHG emissions in buildings in cities according to energy efficiency certificates. The developed methodology has been tested in a representative medium-sized city in Spain, obtaining an accurate analysis that shows 32,000 t of CO2 emissions due to primary energy consumption of 140 GWh in residential buildings with high spatial resolution at single building level. The obtained results demonstrate that the majority of residential buildings have low levels of energy efficiency and emit an average of 45 kg CO2/m2. Compared to the national average in Spain, this obtained value is on the average, while it is slightly better at the regional level. Furthermore, the results obtained demonstrate that the developed methodology is able to directly identify city districts with highest potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing GHG emissions. Additionally, a data model adapted to the INSPIRE regulation has been developed in order to ensure interoperability and European-wide application. All these results have allowed the local authorities to better define local strategies towards a low-carbon economy and energy transition. In conclusion, public decision-makers will be supported with an innovative and user-friendly GIS-based methodology to better define local strategies towards a low-carbon economy and energy transition in a more efficient and transparent way based on metrics of high spatial resolution and accuracy.

scholarly journals CARBON TAX: PROGRESS OR PLATITUDE FOR SOUTH AFRICA?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele N Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
Petroleum Sector ◽  
Combat Climate Change

In light of the 2009 United Nations Copenhagen climate change conference, South Africa announced that in order to combat climate change it would commit to reducing domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 34 per cent by 2020 and 42 per cent by 2025. Due to this commitment, a carbon tax will be implemented as from 1 January 2015. This market-based instrument has received broad attention sparking debate as industries most affected, namely Eskom and the petroleum sector, have rallied together in complaint. The main debate being that despite the politically ambitious commitment to reduce GHG emissions, little scientific, economic or comparative evidence has been given to show that an influence will actually be had on the amount of GHG emitted. The purpose of this article is not to provide a detailed analysis of the entire scope of the South African climate change policy. It focuses on the more limited issue of carbon taxation. This does not however mean that the numerous other competing policy options, which still beg for attention, are not viable or will not be implemented in the future.

scholarly journals Climate Change Policy and Power Sector Reform in Mexico under the Golden Age of Gas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Valenzuela ◽  
Isabel Studer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
The One

Mexico’s low-carbon technology perspectives show lack of coherence with the rising ambition in climate change commitments, for which Mexico is internationally praised. The comparison of two recent energy reforms, corresponding to two administrations, explains this lack of coherence by, on the one hand, the permanence of a strong climate institutional framework devised as a means to increase energy security and, on the other hand, the political commitment to reduce electricity tariffs through the access to low-priced gas in North America. The chapter underscores the political economy trade-offs between the need for a strong climate commitment that provides a stable long-term energy transition pathway and the political and economic short-term benefits derived from low electricity tariffs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document