Clinical Characteristics of Cannabis Use Disorder

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-90
Author(s):  
Tammy A. Chung ◽  
Ken C. Winters
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Core ◽  
Treatment Gaps ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis

This chapter reviews the signs and symptoms of cannabis use disorder (CUD). Core clinical characteristics of addiction as reflected by the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) apply to cannabis, although certain substance use disorder symptoms are less salient to cannabis relative to other substances. The chapter addresses cannabis use prevalence, onset and progression of cannabis use, and heterogeneity in the course of cannabis use. The core features of addiction and the DSM CUD diagnosis are described with reference to the prevalence of CUD based on the fourth edition of the DSM, differences between the fourth and fifth editions for the criteria for diagnosis, and DSM-based cannabis symptoms. The course of CUD and remission and recovery from CUD are also addressed. The chapter closes with a discussion of research and treatment gaps.

scholarly journals Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) on Clozapine with a Potential Atypical Interaction with Paliperidone

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Paras Agarwal ◽  
Adanegbe Omoruyi ◽  
Kiara Gascon Perai ◽  
Kerenza MacDaid ◽  
Andrea Burton
Keyword(s):  
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Idiosyncratic Reaction ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Core Symptom ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Minor Criteria

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) associated with the use of first-generation antipsychotics is a widely known phenomenon. This idiosyncratic reaction is less significant with the use of second-generation antipsychotics, and only a few cases in the literature exist, describing this reaction with clozapine use. While being titrated on clozapine, the patient developed major and minor criteria features of NMS as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria except for fever, a core symptom which created diagnostic uncertainty. Initially, clozapine was temporarily discontinued due to his deteriorating mental and physical state. A rechallenge was considered at a much lower dose, but due to a rapid increase in his creatinine kinase (CK) levels within a 12-hour timeframe, clozapine was permanently stopped. The evidence further suggests that the presentation of NMS for patients on this medication may be different to the classical presentation, and other criteria for diagnosis are suggested, which may lower the threshold for investigating NMS for patients on clozapine.

scholarly journals Developmental coordination disorder DCD – terminology, diagnosis and intervention. The implication for speech therapy.

2020 ◽  
Vol VI (2) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Raluca Nicoleta TRIFU
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Developmental coordination disorder DCD is a specific set of impairments corelated with gross and fine motor disfunction, poor motor planning and impaired sensor integration. The term is use wildly for this condition, based on the proposed term made by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5), but others terms such as dyspraxia, specific motor dysfunction, specific coordination motor disfunction (ICD – 10) are used and preferred in the same time. The article displays the multiple terms used in the literature connected with the DCD, the criteria for diagnosis, the implication for education and target specific intervention in case of DCD.

scholarly journals Validity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for nicotine use disorder: results from 734 Israeli lifetime smokers

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2179-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shmulewitz ◽  
M. M. Wall ◽  
E. Aharonovich ◽  
B. Spivak ◽  
A. Weizman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Hazardous Use

BackgroundThe fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) proposes aligning nicotine use disorder (NUD) criteria with those for other substances, by including the current DSM fourth edition (DSM-IV) nicotine dependence (ND) criteria, three abuse criteria (neglect roles, hazardous use, interpersonal problems) and craving. Although NUD criteria indicate one latent trait, evidence is lacking on: (1) validity of each criterion; (2) validity of the criteria as a set; (3) comparative validity between DSM-5 NUD and DSM-IV ND criterion sets; and (4) NUD prevalence.MethodNicotine criteria (DSM-IV ND, abuse and craving) and external validators (e.g. smoking soon after awakening, number of cigarettes per day) were assessed with a structured interview in 734 lifetime smokers from an Israeli household sample. Regression analysis evaluated the association between validators and each criterion. Receiver operating characteristic analysis assessed the association of the validators with the DSM-5 NUD set (number of criteria endorsed) and tested whether DSM-5 or DSM-IV provided the most discriminating criterion set. Changes in prevalence were examined.ResultsEach DSM-5 NUD criterion was significantly associated with the validators, with strength of associations similar across the criteria. As a set, DSM-5 criteria were significantly associated with the validators, were significantly more discriminating than DSM-IV ND criteria, and led to increased prevalence of binary NUD (two or more criteria) over ND.ConclusionsAll findings address previous concerns about the DSM-IV nicotine diagnosis and its criteria and support the proposed changes for DSM-5 NUD, which should result in improved diagnosis of nicotine disorders.

Reconsidering the DSM-IV Diagnoses of Alzheimer's Disease: Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients With Dementia

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Caine ◽  
Anton Porsteinsson ◽  
Jeffrey M. Lyness ◽  
Michael First
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Categorical Diagnosis ◽  
Categorical Classification ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

In traditional medical use, a categorical diagnosis conveys essential (although stereotypic) information about the signs and symptoms of a disease, its treatment, and its prognosis. Its utility derives from its generalizability. However, many of the shortcomings of categorical classification also reflect these same qualities. Diagnoses too often fail to capture important qualities of a disorder or do not sufficiently characterize a patient's particular symptoms. Recent editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which have emphasized highly specific entry criteria to establish psychiatric conditions in a more homogeneous fashion, have sometimes resulted in enhanced reliability at the cost of diminished validity. The variability of psychiatric disorders often defies attempts to create strictly defined clusters amenable to syndrome classifications.

scholarly journals Gaming, substance use and distress within a cohort of online gamblers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida André ◽  
Anders Håkansson ◽  
Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
Keyword(s):  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Core ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Online Betting ◽  
Online Gamblers ◽  
Tentative Diagnosis

Background: The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) included Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) as a tentative diagnosis and inquires for additional research. The research on gaming is inconsistent regarding measurement approach and diagnostic cut-offs. Some scholars suggest the core approach, accentuating some of the diagnostic criteria to avoid pathologizing harmless behavior. Also, the co-occurrence of gaming and other addictions, gambling in specifically, is frequently reported but poorly understood. The present study aimed to explore gaming within a population of online gamblers in order to evaluate the core approach but also to investigate the possible co-occurrence of different addictions.Design and Methods: The present study is derived from material collected for a study on online gambling. The study addressed 1007 adult individuals from the general population who had gambled for money on an online casino site or an online betting site, on at least 10 occasions during the past 12 months.Results: Both the level of distress and problem gambling increased as the severity of gaming increased. The co-occurrence of problems with alcohol, illicit drug use/prescription sedatives/strong painkillers and gambling was roughly 50% among the addictive gamers.Conclusion: The present study suggests that the core approach manages to distinguish in severity of gaming in regards to interference and comorbidity. We also brought light to the occurrence of gaming within a population of gamblers and our results indicate that this specific group of addicted gamers are particularly burdened by co-occurrent addictive behaviors and severe distress.

scholarly journals Delusional versus nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder: recommendations for DSM-5

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Phillips ◽  
Ashley S. Hart ◽  
Helen Blair Simpson ◽  
Dan J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Delusional Disorder Somatic Type ◽  
Severe Disorder

The core feature of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is distressing or impairing preoccupation with nonexistent or slight defects in one's physical appearance. BDD beliefs are characterized by varying degrees of insight, ranging from good (ie, recognition that one's BDD beliefs are not true) through “absent insight/delusional” beliefs (ie, complete conviction that one's BDD beliefs are true). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed., rev. (DSM-III-R) and The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) classified BDD's nondelusional form in the somatoform section of the manual and its delusional form in the psychosis section, as a type of delusional disorder, somatic type (although DSM-IV allowed double-coding of delusional BDD as both a psychotic disorder and BDD). However, little or no evidence on this issue was available when these editions were published. In this article, we review the classification of BDD's delusional and nondelusional variants in earlier editions of DSM and the limitations of their approaches. We then review empirical evidence on this topic, which has become available since DSM-IV was developed. Available evidence indicates that across a range of validators, BDD's delusional and nondelusional variants have many more similarities than differences, including response to pharmacotherapy. Based on these data, we propose that BDD's delusional and nondelusional forms be classified as the same disorder and that BDD's diagnostic criteria include an insight specifier that spans a range of insight, including absent insight/delusional BDD beliefs. We hope that this recommendation will improve care for patients with this common and often-severe disorder. This increased understanding of BDD may also have implications for other disorders that have an “absent insight/delusional” form.

The Present and Future of Psychiatric Diagnosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Psychiatric disorders are currently diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the closely related International Classification of Diseases. Both diagnostic classification schemes are descriptive and based on a collection of signs and symptoms associated with a given disorder. The fundamental weakness of the schemes is that they are not based on the underlying genetic or neurobiological etiology or pathophysiology of a disorder which of course remain unknown for all common psychiatric syndromes. As more is learned about the biological basis of a mental disorder it will be possibly increasingly to build more accurate diagnostic schemes with greater prognostic and treatment validity.

scholarly journals ADHD Is Highly Prevalent in Patients Seeking Treatment for Cannabis Use Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Notzon ◽  
Martina Pavlicova ◽  
Andrew Glass ◽  
John J. Mariani ◽  
Amy L. Mahony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of ADHD and determine an effective screening test for ADHD in a population-seeking treatment for cannabis use disorders. Method: The Conners Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition ( DSM-IV; CAADID) was used to generate sensitivity and specificity data for ADHD screening tests, which were then administered to 99 participants seeking treatment for cannabis use disorders to estimate ADHD prevalence. Results: The prevalence estimated from the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) was 45% (sensitivity = 0.88, sensitivity of 0.75), from the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) 34% (sensitivity = 0.80, specificity = 0.91), from the WURS + CAARS 36% (sensitivity = 0.71, specificity = 0.95), and from the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) 46% (sensitivity = 0.61, specificity = 0.86). Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD in adults seeking treatment for cannabis use disorders is estimated to be between 34% and 46%. The WURS paired with the CAARS provides excellent sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of ADHD in this population.

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