scholarly journals Validity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for nicotine use disorder: results from 734 Israeli lifetime smokers

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2179-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shmulewitz ◽  
M. M. Wall ◽  
E. Aharonovich ◽  
B. Spivak ◽  
A. Weizman ◽  
...  

BackgroundThe fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) proposes aligning nicotine use disorder (NUD) criteria with those for other substances, by including the current DSM fourth edition (DSM-IV) nicotine dependence (ND) criteria, three abuse criteria (neglect roles, hazardous use, interpersonal problems) and craving. Although NUD criteria indicate one latent trait, evidence is lacking on: (1) validity of each criterion; (2) validity of the criteria as a set; (3) comparative validity between DSM-5 NUD and DSM-IV ND criterion sets; and (4) NUD prevalence.MethodNicotine criteria (DSM-IV ND, abuse and craving) and external validators (e.g. smoking soon after awakening, number of cigarettes per day) were assessed with a structured interview in 734 lifetime smokers from an Israeli household sample. Regression analysis evaluated the association between validators and each criterion. Receiver operating characteristic analysis assessed the association of the validators with the DSM-5 NUD set (number of criteria endorsed) and tested whether DSM-5 or DSM-IV provided the most discriminating criterion set. Changes in prevalence were examined.ResultsEach DSM-5 NUD criterion was significantly associated with the validators, with strength of associations similar across the criteria. As a set, DSM-5 criteria were significantly associated with the validators, were significantly more discriminating than DSM-IV ND criteria, and led to increased prevalence of binary NUD (two or more criteria) over ND.ConclusionsAll findings address previous concerns about the DSM-IV nicotine diagnosis and its criteria and support the proposed changes for DSM-5 NUD, which should result in improved diagnosis of nicotine disorders.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000660
Author(s):  
Jonas Falch-Madsen ◽  
Lars Wichstrøm ◽  
Ståle Pallesen ◽  
Silje Steinsbekk

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge about the prevalence and stability of insomnia defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). We therefore provide such estimates from preschool to early adolescence and explore potential sex differences.MethodsWe followed a representative community sample (n=1037) biennially from 4 to 14 years of age (2007–2017). Insomnia diagnoses and symptoms were captured by a semistructured clinical interview of parents and children (from age 8 years).ResultsAt ages 4 and 6 years approximately 2.5% of children met the criteria for insomnia, whereas at ages 8, 10, 12 and 14 years the prevalence ranged from 7.5% to 12.3%. During the 10-year period examined nearly 1 in 5 children had insomnia at least once (18.7%). Sex differences were apparent with DSM-IV, but not DSM-5, criteria: boys (8.1%) had more insomnia than girls (4.5%) did at ages 4–10 years, whereas girls (11.4%) had more insomnia than boys (7.1%) did at ages 12 and 14 years. Insomnia proved stable, with 22.9%–40.1% of children retaining their diagnosis 2 years later. Having current insomnia produced medium to large ORs of between 5.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 9.8) and 15.3 (95% CI 4.4 to 52.9) for subsequent insomnia 2 years later compared with not having preceding insomnia.ConclusionsInsomnia was less prevalent than previous research indicates, with nearly 1 in 5 participants having insomnia at least once between the ages of 4 and 14 years. Female preponderance emerged in early adolescence. Having insomnia at one time point was a considerable risk for subsequent insomnia, indicating that insomnia is persistent and warrants clinical attention.


2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A McTate ◽  
Jarrod M Leffler

The newest iteration of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–fifth edition (DSM-5), is the first to include the diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). The assessment and diagnosis of psychopathology in children are complicated, particularly for mood disorders. Practice can be guided by the use of well-validated instruments. However, as this is a new diagnosis existing instruments have not yet been evaluated for the diagnosis of DMDD. This study seeks to provide a method for using existing structured interview instruments to assess for this contemporary diagnosis. The Children’s Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS) and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) are reviewed and existing items consistent with a diagnosis of DMDD are identified. Finally, a case is presented using both measures and applying the theoretical items identified to illustrate how one might use these measures to assess DMDD. Limitations and future directions are discussed.


2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimilia Papazoglou ◽  
Lisa A. Jacobson ◽  
Marie McCabe ◽  
Walter Kaufmann ◽  
T. Andrew Zabel

Abstract The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability (ID) include a change to the definition of adaptive impairment. New criteria require impairment in one adaptive domain rather than two or more skill areas. The authors examined the diagnostic implications of using a popular adaptive skill inventory, the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System–Second Edition, with 884 clinically referred children (ages 6–16). One hundred sixty-six children met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ID; significantly fewer (n  =  151, p  =  .001) met ID criteria under DSM-5 (9% decrease). Implementation of DSM-5 criteria for ID may substantively change the rate of ID diagnosis. These findings highlight the need for a combination of psychometric assessment and clinical judgment when implementing the adaptive deficits component of the DSM-5 criteria for ID diagnosis.


2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Krishan Aggarwal

SummaryIn July 2012, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) closed its final commenting period on draft criteria for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), slated for publication in May 2013. DSM-5 raises familiar questions about the cultural assumptions of proposed diagnoses, the scientific evidence base of these criteria and their validity in international settings. I review these issues since the publication of DSM-IV. I assess the cultural validity of DSM-5 and suggest areas of improvement.


2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Sibley ◽  
Carlos E. Yeguez

Objective: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) A-criteria for ADHD were expanded to include new descriptors referencing adolescent and adult symptom manifestations. This study examines the effect of these changes on symptom endorsement in a sample of adolescents with ADHD (N = 259; age range = 10.72-16.70). Method: Parent ratings were collected and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) and DSM-5 endorsement of ADHD symptoms were compared. Results: Under the DSM-5, there were significant increases in reported inattention, but not hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) symptoms, with specific elevations for certain symptoms. The average adolescent met criteria for less than one additional symptom under the DSM-5, but the correlation between ADHD symptoms and impairment was attenuated when using the DSM-5 items. Impulsivity items appeared to represent adolescent deficits better than hyperactivity items. Results were not moderated by demographic factors. Conclusion: In a sample of adolescents with well-diagnosed DSM-IV-TR ADHD, developmental symptom descriptors led parents to endorse slightly more symptoms of inattention, but this elevation is unlikely to be clinically meaningful.


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Thakur ◽  
Swarali Tadwalkar

Abstract Background Depression is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) there were a few changes in the inclusion criteria but there is a limited literature to quantify this change. Methods We conducted a literature review using PubMed and Clarivate’s Cortellis database from 1/1/2008 to 7/4/2020, to identify the country-specific total prevalence of MDD according to the DSM-5 and DSM-IV in nine high-income countries. In countries lacking published prevalence estimates according to DSM-5 criteria, we derived DSM-5 prevalence estimates by multiplying the country-specific DSM-IV data with the ratio of DSM-5 to DSM-IV prevalence in countries with comparable risk factors and healthcare access. Results Changes in the criteria between the DSM-IV and DSM-5, resulted in a substantial increase (30%) in the MDD patient counts across the countries under study ranging from 0.1 million patients in New Zealand to 5.8 million in United States. Conclusions Total prevalent cases of MDD increased after the introduction of DSM-5 criteria because of the changes in the inclusion criteria. Elimination of bereavement as the exclusion criteria was one of the key changes which resulted in more patients becoming eligible for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. Key messages This analysis provides a comparative insight into the effect of change in the DSM-IV to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria on the MDD patient counts which is not reported frequently in the published literature.


2013 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Paolo Migone

Vengono presentati i principali problemi del processo di costruzione del DSM-5, cioč della quinta edizione del Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) dellA' merican Psychiatric Association, previsto per il maggio 2013. In particolare, vengono illustrati principali cambiamenti introdotti dal manuale e le nuove diagnosi proposte, alcune delle quali poi ritirate per le polemiche suscitate (ad esempio quella di "Sindrome da rischio psicotico"). Robert J. Spitzer e Allen Frances, che sono i capi delle task force dei due pre- cedenti DSM (rispettivamente il DSM-III e DSM-IV), hanno guidato una campagna internazionale di proteste contro il DSM-5 che ha raccolto circa 15.000 firme e che č riuscita a ottenere certe modifiche, ma non a impedire la pubblicazione prematura di un DSM-5 con numerosi difetti. Infine vengono elencate le undici diagnosi del DSM-5 che secondo Frances creeranno maggiori danni alla popolazione.


2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. La Roche ◽  
Jill Betz Bloom

After years of extensive research, the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) was released in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Similar to its predecessor, the Outline of the Cultural Formulation (OCF), the CFI aims to refine the psychiatric assessment process by systematically examining cultural factors. However, in contrast to the OCF which employs open-ended questions, the CFI uses a semi-structured interview format. Unfortunately, children and adolescents have only been included in a handful of OCF and CFI studies, which raises questions about their applicability with youth, particularly young children (11 years or younger). In this article, we start examining the usefulness of the CFI with young children and propose recommendations to enhance its benefits by suggesting the development of a supplementary module specifically designed for young children. These ideas are illustrated with the assessment of a 6-year-old boy of Somali descent.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Z. Shujah ◽  
A. Mulligan

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was published by the American Psychiatric Association in 2013. We discuss the important differences between DSM-IV and DSM-5 with particular relevance to child and adolescent psychiatry. The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are discussed in detail, as well as a summary of other changes in DSM-5 relevant to child and adolescent psychiatry. The discussion is supported by a review of relevant literature.


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