Major Techniques and Interventions

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-72
Author(s):  
Collie W. Conoley ◽  
Michael J. Scheel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Psychotherapy ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Information Giving ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Therapeutic Techniques ◽  
Direct Guidance

This chapter present the techniques and interventions of Goal Focused Positive Psychotherapy (GFPP). Highlighted are the therapist’s intentions to emphasize the client’s strengths and to facilitate the expression of positive emotions, hope, and goals while focusing on the therapeutic alliance. Psychotherapy is not viewed as a set of potent scripted treatments that act upon the client. The therapeutic techniques include nonverbal communication, mirroring, open and closed questions, paraphrase and reflection, challenge, summarizing, empathy, interpretation, self-disclosure, immediacy, information giving, and direct guidance. The interventions include capitalization, self-affirmation, formula-first-session-task, reframing, success-finding, encouragement, visualizing success, miracle question, scaling questions, best-possible-self, count your blessings, self-compassion, and mindfulness. The practitioner is urged to use GFPP’s theoretical model to guide the treatment intentions and use any techniques and interventions that fit with the client and the GFPP model.

Do self-compassion and self-coldness distinctly relate to distress and well-being? A theoretical model of self-relating.

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Brenner ◽  
David L. Vogel ◽  
Daniel G. Lannin ◽  
Kelsey E. Engel ◽  
Andrew J. Seidman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Compassion

scholarly journals A Qualitative Exploration of Individual Differences in Wellbeing for Highly Sensitive Individuals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becky Black ◽  
Margaret L. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Lay Conceptions ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Cultures explicitly and implicitly create and reinforce social norms and expectations, which impact upon how individuals make sense of and experience their place within that culture. Substantial differences in research findings across a range of behavioral and cognitive indices can be seen between what have been called ‘Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD)’ societies, and non-WEIRD cultures. Indeed, lay conceptions and social norms around wellbeing tend to emphasize social outgoingness and high-arousal positive emotions, with introversion and negative emotion looked down upon or even pathologized. However, this extravert-centric conception of wellbeing does not fit many individuals who live within WEIRD societies, and studies find that this mismatch can have detrimental effects on their wellbeing. There is a need to better understand how happiness is created and experienced by the large number of people for whom wellbeing manifests in alternative ways. This study investigated one such manifestation – the personality trait of Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) – qualitatively investigating how sensitive individuals experience and cultivate wellbeing within a WEIRD society. Twelve adults participated in semi-structured interviews. Findings suggest that highly sensitive individuals perceive that wellbeing arises from harmony across multiple dimensions. Interviewees emphasized the value of low-intensity positive emotion, self-awareness, self-acceptance, positive social relationships balanced by times of solitude, connecting with nature, contemplative practices, emotional self-regulation, practicing self-compassion, having a sense of meaning, and hope/optimism. Barriers of wellbeing included physical health issues and challenges with saying no to others. This study provides a richer idiographic representation of SPS wellbeing, highlighting diverse pathways which can lead to wellbeing for individuals for whom wellbeing manifests in ways that contradict the broader social narratives in which they reside.

Online Self-Disclosure and Social Sharing of Emotions of Women with Breast Cancer Using Instagram–Qualitative Conventional Content Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 174239532110397
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pluta
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Conventional Content Analysis ◽  
Social Sharing ◽  
Social Sharing Of Emotions ◽  
Share Information

Objectives Women with breast cancer share their experiences and emotions about the illness on Instagram – a tool understudied when it comes to chronic illness. The paper characterizes the women's activities, and both online self-disclosure and social sharing of emotions concepts are used to help explain the women's practices. Methods Using qualitative conventional content analysis, four profiles of women are manually analysed, with posts as the unit of analysis ( n  =  811). Based on eleven subcategories, three broad analytical categories are introduced: self-disclosure of negative information (C1), self-disclosure of positive information (C2) and disclosure of information about other people (C3). Results The women post narratives about suffering resulting from cancer, and the fears they experience. Also, the posts relate to positive emotions, joyful life events, self-acceptance, or self-affirmation. While writing, the women share information about people supporting them on their way to recovery. Discussion The activity of women cannot be explained only by their online self-disclosure, where anonymity and lack of offline support are often emphasized. Women on Instagram are not anonymous and report on support by relatives and other people. Rimé's concept of social sharing of emotions is used to explain this phenomenon.

Participants' Ratings of Male Physicians Who Vary in Race and Communication Style

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara S. Aruguete ◽  
Carlos A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Interracial Relationships ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Quality Health

Research has shown minorities receive lower quality health care than White persons even with socioeconomic conditions controlled. This difference may partially be related to racially biased attitudes and impaired communication in interracial relationships between physicians and patients. This study investigated the effect of physicians' race and nonverbal communication style on participants' evaluations. Patients at a local health clinic were participants ( N = 116: 84% Black, 16% White). Each participant viewed one of four videotapes showing varied race of a physician (Black or White) and the physician's nonverbal behavior (expressing concern or distance), and then completed a questionnaire evaluating the depicted physician. Overall, participants did not give significantly different preferences for physicians of the same race. However, participants' evaluations were significantly associated with physicians' nonverbal style. Nonverbal concern was associated with highest satisfaction, trust, self-disclosure, recall of information, likelihood of recommending the physician, and intent to comply with the physician's recommendations. When male and female participants were compared, preference for a physician of the same race was found only among male participants who viewed verbally distant physicians. Results suggest that social skills are more important than race in shaping patients' perceptions of physicians.

Adaptive Approaches to Competition: Challenge Appraisals and Positive Emotion

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Skinner ◽  
Neil Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Adaptive Consequences ◽  
And Training ◽  
Adaptive Approaches

The influence of negative emotions such as anxiety on athletes’ preparation and performance has been studied extensively. The focus of this review is on more adaptive approaches to competition such as the experience of positive emotion and beneficial perceptions of emotion. Evidence on the antecedents and adaptive consequences of positive emotions is reviewed, and implications for research and practice in a sport context are suggested. We focus on the cognitive appraisal of challenge as a significant antecedent of both positive emotion and beneficial perceptions of emotion. A theoretical model of beneficial and harmful perceptions of emotion is presented which incorporates appraisals of challenge, coping expectancies, and valence (positive vs. negative) of emotion. Research that supports the model is reviewed, and implications for research, coaching, and training in the sport context are suggested.

scholarly journals The Words We Use, the Actions We Take, and the Perceptions We Hold: First-step assessments to inform wellness curricula and burnout prevention programming

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Horneffer-Ginter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Care ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Prevention Programming ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Curricular Development ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
School Faculty

Introduction: In response to concerns about burnout, many medical schools have been initiating wellness curricula and programming. A key to the success of these efforts is having engagement from targeted audiences. Gathering input from these groups regarding preferred lexicon, wellness actions, and perceptions of judgement or guilt around such actions can help in developing and promoting such curricular and programmatic offerings. Engagement is especially important when it comes to the predictors of burnout (e.g., self-care, self-compassion, and emotional self-disclosure). Methods: Utilizing a focus-group methodology as a preliminary step, medical school faculty and students discussed terms regarding burnout predictors. Thematic analysis using grounded theory was used to analyze transcriptions with the generated preferred terms being incorporated into a follow-up survey. Surveys were completed by 23 faculty, 65 students, 23 residents, and 124 staff (n = 235). The survey asked for ranked preferences of lexicon terms, ratings of engagement and importance around wellness actions, perceptions of judgement and guilt around engaging in self-care, and disengagement and exhaustion via the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Results: Overall, results revealed a preference for alternative language (i.e., “personal well-being” (p < 0.001), “being kind to yourself” (p < 0.001), “sharing your feelings” (p < 0.001)) compared to phrases commonly used in the wellness literature (i.e., self-care, self-compassion, and emotional self-disclosure). Engagement in self-care (p < 0.001), and self-compassion actions (p = 0.001) were inversely correlated with burnout, while perceptions of being judged (p < 0.001) and feeling guilty for self-care (p < 0.001) were positively correlated with burnout. Conclusion: Incorporating preferred lexicon terms and mitigation factors (correlating with the reduction of burnout) into wellness curricular development is encouraged as a valuable initial step for medical schools and organizations as they reach out to their intended audiences.

scholarly journals Self-disclosure and psychological resilience: The mediating roles of self-esteem and self-compassion

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Harvey ◽  
Karen Boynton
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Relationship

Self-disclosure involves sharing thoughts, feelings, and experiences with others, typically surrounding emotionally relevant and often times difficult life experiences. Research suggests a link between acts of self-disclosure and improved psychological resilience. Most research argues that resilience arises because acts of disclosure alter one’s thinking around a topic of disclosure, which is then associated with improved resilience. Research also suggests, however, that disclosure can alter personal characteristics such as one’s level of self-compassion or self-esteem. Nevertheless, we know relatively little about the potential mediating role that personal characteristics might play in predicting resilience. This exploratory cross-sectional study assesses whether self-characteristics (specifically self-esteem and self-compassion) mediate the relationship between self-disclosure and psychological resilience. Four hundred and forty-three individuals completed a survey that assessed the aforementioned variables. Findings suggest that self-esteem and self-compassion mediate the relationship between self-disclosure and psychological resilience. Demographically, age and those who identified as male reported significantly higher levels of resilience than individuals of other demographics. These findings pinpoint personal characteristics that could be targeted to supplement and improve the efficacy of self-disclosure interventions.

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