Adaptive Approaches to Competition: Challenge Appraisals and Positive Emotion

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Skinner ◽  
Neil Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Adaptive Consequences ◽  
And Training ◽  
Adaptive Approaches

The influence of negative emotions such as anxiety on athletes’ preparation and performance has been studied extensively. The focus of this review is on more adaptive approaches to competition such as the experience of positive emotion and beneficial perceptions of emotion. Evidence on the antecedents and adaptive consequences of positive emotions is reviewed, and implications for research and practice in a sport context are suggested. We focus on the cognitive appraisal of challenge as a significant antecedent of both positive emotion and beneficial perceptions of emotion. A theoretical model of beneficial and harmful perceptions of emotion is presented which incorporates appraisals of challenge, coping expectancies, and valence (positive vs. negative) of emotion. Research that supports the model is reviewed, and implications for research, coaching, and training in the sport context are suggested.

scholarly journals Temporal dependency of emotional states at work and its relationship with dynamic performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina De Longis ◽  
Guido Alessandri
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
And Performance

Emotion dynamics, how people’s emotions fluctuate across time, represent a key source of information about people’s psychological functioning and well-being. Investigating emotion dynamics in the workplace is particularly relevant, as affective experiences are intimately connected to organizational behavior and effectiveness. In this study, we examined the moderating role of emotional inertia in the dynamic association between both positive and negative emotions and self-rated job performance among a sample of 120 Italian workers (average age 41.4, SD = 14), which were prompted six times per day, for five working days. Emotional inertia refers to the extent that emotional states are self-predictive or carry on over time and is measured in terms of the autocorrelation of emotional states across time. Although inertia has been linked to several indicators of maladjustment, little is known about its correlates in terms of organizational behavior. Findings revealed that workers reporting high levels of positive emotions and high inertia rated their performance lower than workers high in positive emotions, but low in inertia. In contrast, the relation between negative emotions and performance was not significant for either high levels of inertia or low levels of inertia. Taken together, these results suggest the relevance of investigating the temporal dependency of emotional states at work.

Positive and Negative Emotion Goals in Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Yael Millgram ◽  
Maya Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Some forms of psychopathology involve deficits in emotion regulation. Whereas prior research has focused on identifying maladaptive emotion regulation strategies among people who are diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, this research focuses on identifying maladaptive emotion regulation goals. This chapter discusses preferences for sadness and happiness in clinical depression, a disorder characterized by the prevalence of negative emotions and the paucity of positive emotions. The chapter reviews empirical evidence suggesting that depressed individuals are more likely to direct emotion regulation toward increasing negative emotions rather than decreasing them. Next explored are possible maladaptive emotion regulation goals in other psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder. Finally discussed are the implications of these new ideas for research and practice in psychopathology.

scholarly journals Effect of Cognitive Variables and Emotional Variables on Urban Residents’ Recycled Water Reuse Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Gao ◽  
Zhiguo Li ◽  
Kashif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Emotional Factors

Urban residents’ perception of recycled water reuse is the foundation for the realization of recycled water reuse behavior. However, even though the perception factor is equipped, it does not mean that urban residents will use recycled water continuously for sure. Therefore, in this research, the authors try to put cognitive factors and emotional factors into a unified behavioral process. Based on this theory framework, the paper will interpret the initiation, formation and continuing process of recycled water reuse behavior of urban residents. On the basis of previous studies, this study established a theoretical model to study the influence of cognitive factors and emotional factors on recycled water reuse behavior of the residents. Based on the data of 325 samples, the direct and indirect relationship between the variables in the model is verified through path analysis and mediation analysis. The empirical results show that: firstly, the urban residents’ perception of recycled water reuse can activate their emotion for recycled water, and the emotion includes both positive emotion and negative emotion; secondly, although the recognition of recycled water can stimulate both positive and negative emotional factors, there are great differences between positive and negative emotions on the initiation, formation and sustainability of recycled water behavior. Negative emotion has a certain effect on the initiation of recycled water reuse behavior, but it has no significant effect on the formation and sustainability of recycled water reuse behavior. By contrast, positive emotion has no significant effect on the initiation of recycled water reuse behavior, but it has a significant effect on the formation and sustainability of recycled water reuse behavior. That is to say, at different stages, the recycled water reuse behaviors are affected differently by positive emotions and negative emotions. Thirdly, compared with negative emotional variables, positive emotions have a greater impact on individual recycled water reuse behavior. Positive emotional variables can significantly mediate the impact of cognitive variables on recycled water reuse behavior habits. In other words, positive emotions play a vital role in the sustainability of recycled water reuse.

Comment: Homing in on a Balanced Psychology

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Jeff T. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
To Come ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

Hernandez et al.’s (2018) review provides clear evidence that positive affect can contribute to well-being and fits nicely within the positive psychology framework. The emergence of positive psychology has been valuable for understanding well-being, but I suggest that a balanced psychology can prove even more valuable in the years to come. A balanced psychology requires giving as much attention to negative emotion as to positive emotion. It also requires considering whether there are circumstances in which positive emotions can be detrimental and negative emotions can be beneficial. Along those lines, evidence reviewed here indicates that healthy coping with severe stressors involves experiencing a combination of positive and negative emotions.

Employee motivation, emotions, and performance: a longitudinal diary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abira Reizer ◽  
Yael Brender-Ilan ◽  
Zachary Sheaffer
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance

Purpose Numerous studies have focused on the effect of motivation on performance in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the somewhat overlooked role of positive and negative emotions as potential mediators of this critical association. Design/methodology/approach The longitudinal study employed multilevel modeling for assessing the effects of motivation, emotions and work satisfaction on job performance. In total, 116 respondents provided 1,044 responses at nine consecutive measurement points. Findings Findings indicated that positive emotions and job satisfaction mediate the positive association between autonomous motivation and performance. Concurrently, negative emotions and decreased job satisfaction mediated the negative associations between controlled motivation and job performance. Research limitations/implications The results address only the within-subject and between-subject analysis of temporal variations in emotions and behavior. Future studies can include higher levels of analysis, such as group, team and organizational contexts. Originality/value This research contributes to self-determination theory by highlighting the role of emotions in understanding how motivation shapes workplace performance.

Personality Differences in Emotions

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiting Ng ◽  
Ed Diener
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Laboratory Situation

In Study 1, individuals high in neuroticism (high N) felt more negative and experienced less decrease of their negative emotions than individuals low in Neuroticism (low N) when extremely unpleasant hypothetical scenarios improved. Study 2 also found that high N individuals felt more negative than low N in a slightly unpleasant laboratory situation, and that individuals high in Extraversion (high E) felt more positive than individuals low in Extraversion (low E) in a slightly pleasant laboratory situation. The present studies also confirmed that high N individuals were less likely to repair negative emotions than low N, and high E individuals were more likely to savor positive emotions than low E. These attempts at negative and positive emotion regulation predicted negative and positive emotional reactions, respectively, and accounted for the trait differences in emotions. Hence, there is evidence that differences in negative emotion regulation mediated the relation between Neuroticism and negative emotions, and differences in positive emotion regulation mediated the relation between Extraversion and positive emotions.

scholarly journals Parenting with a smile: Display rules, regulatory effort, and parental burnout

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110191
Author(s):  
Gao-Xian Lin ◽  
Logan Hansotte ◽  
Dorota Szczygieł ◽  
Loes Meeussen ◽  
Isabelle Roskam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Display Rules ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Emotional Display ◽  
And Control

Positive parenting prescriptions prevailing in Western countries encourage parents to regulate their emotions and, more specifically, to show more positive emotion to their children and control negative emotions while parenting. The beneficial effect of this practice on child development has been much documented, but its possible costs for parents have been much less researched. The current study borrowed the well-known emotional labor framework from organizational psychology to examine this issue. We sought to answer five questions in particular: (1) Do parents perceive display rules? (i.e., do they feel pressured to up-regulate positive emotions and down-regulate negative emotions while parenting?) (2) Do parents make regulatory efforts to comply with these rules? (3) Is this costly? (4) Is it possible that these regulatory efforts are associated with higher risk of parental burnout? (5) Are there strategies that render this effort less costly? We investigated these questions in a sample of 347 parents. The results revealed that parents perceive emotional display rules, which were associated with more regulatory efforts and then a higher vulnerability to parental burnout. How parents meet display rules also matters, in that regulating emotions superficially (i.e., surface acting) is more detrimental than regulating genuinely (i.e., deep acting). Overall, these results support the translation of the emotional labor framework to the parenting context, which helps us understand how external pressures on parents may increase parental burnout.

Recognition of Positive Vocalizations Is Impaired in Behavioral-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharpley Hsieh ◽  
John R Hodges ◽  
Olivier Piguet
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Growing Body

AbstractRecognition of negative emotions is impaired in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Less is known about the identification of positive emotions. One limitation likely arises from the stimulus sets used in previous studies. The widely used Ekman 60 Faces Test, for example, consists of four negative emotions (anger, fear, disgust and sadness) but only one positive emotion (happiness). Here, patients with bvFTD (n = 9), AD (n = 9), and controls (n = 15) recognized a range of experimentally-validated positive and negative non-verbal vocalizations (e.g., cheers for triumph; retching for disgust) that have recently become available. The bvFTD group was impaired in the recognition of both positive and negative vocalizations. In contrast, performance in the AD cohort was comparable to that of controls. Findings in the bvFTD group point to a global emotion recognition deficit in this syndrome. These results are consistent with a growing body of research showing that deficits also extend to positive emotions. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–5)

scholarly journals Positive and Negative Emotions and Nonattachment in Vietnamese Buddhists

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Hang T. M. Nguyen ◽  
Hoang V. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Buddhist Practice ◽  
Lay People

Several research has shown that nonattachment, a Buddhist practice, could reduce negative emotions and improve positive emotions (Sahdra & Shaver, 2013; Sahdra, Shaver, & Brown, 2010; Wang, Wong, & Yeh, 2016; Wendling, 2012). We aimed to explore such influences in a sample of Vietnamese Buddhists (N = 472). Our methods included the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al., 1983), the Nonattachment Scale (NAS; Sahdra et al., 2010), and a demographic and religious questionnaire. Results showed that positive emotion scores (M = 2.89, SD = .502) of participants were significantly higher than that of their negative emotion scores (M = 2.10, SD = .587, p < .001). People with strong religious commitment such as monks, lay-people who practiced at pagoda, and lay-people who practiced with sangha had higher positive emotion scores and less negative emotion scores than those whose religious commitment were weak. Nonattachment was positively correlated with positive emotions (r = .47, p < .01) and negatively correlated with negative emotions (r = -.37, p < .01). Nonattachment could also explain 21.7% positive emotions variance (p < .001) and 12.4% negative emotions variance (p < .001). Nonattachment and religious commitment could, therefore, influence greatly positive emotions in Buddhists. This result suggested a discussion about applying nonattachment to prevent emotional problems and improve psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Parenting with a smile: Display rules, regulatory effort, and parental burnout

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao-Xian Lin ◽  
Logan Hansotte ◽  
Dorota Szczygieł ◽  
Loes Meeussen ◽  
isabelle roskam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Display Rules ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Emotional Display ◽  
And Control

Positive parenting prescriptions prevailing in Western countries encourage parents to regulate their emotions and, more specifically, to show more positive emotion to their children and control negative emotions while parenting. The beneficial effect of this practice on child development has been much documented, but its possible costs for parents are currently unknown. The current study borrowed the well-known emotional labor framework from organizational psychology to examine this issue. We sought to answer five questions in particular: (1) Do parents perceive display rules? (i.e., do they feel pressured to up-regulate positive emotions and down-regulate negative emotions while parenting?) (2) Do parents make regulatory efforts to comply with these rules? (3) Is this costly? (4) Is it possible that this regulatory effort increases the risk of parental burnout? (5) Are there strategies that render this effort less costly? We investigated these questions in a sample of 347 parents. The results revealed that parents perceive emotional display rules, which bring about a regulatory effort and, in turn, increase vulnerability to parental burnout. How parents meet display rules also matters, in that regulating emotions superficially (surface acting, i.e., putting on a mask) is more detrimental than regulating genuinely (deep acting, i.e., changing one’s emotion). Overall, these results confirm the potential of the emotional labor framework, which helps us understand how external pressures on parents increase parental burnout.

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