Psychotherapy for Developmental Disabilities

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-300
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Campbell ◽  
Angela Scarpa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes

Psychological disorders commonly co-occur in individuals with developmental disabilities, yet mental health disorders are under-identified and mental health services are underutilized for this group. Within the larger population of individuals with developmental disabilities, this chapter focuses on individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The authors review defining characteristics of ID and ASD and then describe common psychological disorders for each group, including anxiety, depression, and behavioral dysregulation disorders. A selective review is provided of evidence-based interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, that address mental health concerns for both groups. Barriers to access and utilization of services are identified and potential solutions are offered to these barriers. The authors identify the important role of stigmatizing attitudes toward individuals with developmental disabilities as contributing to poor experiences with mental health providers. The intersectionality of developmental disability and mental illness is highlighted as contributing to barriers to access to mental health treatment.

scholarly journals Burnout and depression among psychiatry residents during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees ◽  
Hatem Assiri ◽  
Hatim Yousef Alharbi ◽  
Abdullah Nasser ◽  
Mohammad A. Alkhamees
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatry Residents ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Frontline Workers

AbstractVery few studies have been concerned with assessing the prevalence of burnout and depressive symptoms, especially during an infectious outbreak on non-frontline health care workers, such as a psychiatrist. In such instances, the role of psychiatrists and other mental health providers as a source of psychological support to the public and frontline workers is indispensable and valuable. This study aims to assess the prevalence of burnout and depressive symptoms, and their correlation, during the COVID-19 pandemic among psychiatry residents in Saudi Arabia. A total of 121 out of 150 psychiatry residents in Saudi Arabia completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Patient’s Health Questionnaire for the assessment of burnout and depressive symptoms. Burnout symptoms were found in 27.3%, and another 27.3% reported having depression symptoms. In addition, 16.5% reported having both burnout and depressive symptoms, with a significant relationship between them. Participants in the first 2 years of training and having a history of receiving mental health treatment in the past 2 years were at higher risk. The need is urgent to increase investment in mental health services and to construct a plan to reduce this risk of burnout and depression among psychiatrists by developing preventative strategies to prevent burnout and promote wellness is more important than ever.

Meeting the Clinical Challenges of Managing Borderline Personality Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth S. Brodsky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Technical Modifications ◽  
Positive Engagement

Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are high utilizers of mental health treatment and comprise a large percentage of both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric populations. Not only do they exhibit extreme interpersonal sensitivity and are quick to feel invalidated, rejected, and abandoned, they also present clinically with very challenging symptoms that have contributed to a stigmatization of the BPD diagnosis and the misconception that BPD is not treatable. Recently developed BPD-specific evidence-based psychotherapies incorporating theoretical and technical modifications to “treatment as usual” contribute to the destigmatization of the BPD diagnosis and to increased effectiveness in clinical management of the disorder. This chapter reviews the conceptualizations and interventions that facilitate the capacity for mental health providers to maintain an empathic therapeutic stance toward and positive engagement with BPD patients in order to keep patients engaged with and making progress toward their goals in treatment.

A Voice in the Room: The Function of State Legislative Bans on Sexual Orientation Change Efforts for Minors

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arcangelo S. Cella
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Orientation Change ◽  
Mental Health Profession ◽  
History Of ◽  
Change Efforts

Throughout the history of the mental health profession, many psychotherapists have asserted that homosexuality is a mental condition or defect that may be corrected through treatment. Homosexuality was not officially declassified as a mental illness until 1973, and it was not until recently that mainstream mental health organizations renounced the claim that therapy can alter sexual orientation. Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) involve various types of psychotherapy, from the familiar and seemingly benign talk therapy to forms of behavioral therapy that include “masturbatory reconditioning, rest, visits to prostitutes[,] excessive bicycle riding,” and even physical abuse. SOCE are now widely regarded by mainstream mental health practitioners as unscientific, ineffective, and mentally and emotionally harmful. Nevertheless, due to persistent societal disapproval of homosexuality, some mental health providers continue to engage in SOCE, often causing their patients to experience shame and anxiety well into adulthood.

scholarly journals Training School Mental Health Providers to Deliver Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinad S. Beidas ◽  
Matthew P. Mychailyszyn ◽  
Julie M. Edmunds ◽  
Muniya S. Khanna ◽  
Margaret Mary Downey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
School Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Training School

scholarly journals Mental health Project ECHO Autism: Increasing access to community mental health services for autistic individuals

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110280
Author(s):  
Nicole Ginn Dreiling ◽  
Michal L Cook ◽  
Elena Lamarche ◽  
Laura Grofer Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mental Health Provider ◽  
Health Provider ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Project Echo

Despite the high prevalence of co-occurring autism spectrum disorders and mental health condition(s), there exist substantial barriers to mental health treatment for autistic individuals. These barriers are exacerbated by a lack of mental health provider training and self-efficacy in providing adapted services to autistic individuals. One method which has been effective in mitigating similar service gaps is the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (Project ECHO) Autism model, a tele-mentoring platform that connects primary care physicians to autism spectrum disorder experts to improve physicians’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and practice. This study developed and implemented a pilot mental health version of Project ECHO Autism designed to increase mental health provider knowledge, self-efficacy, and problem-solving. Community mental health providers ( N = 51) participated in the 6-month Project ECHO Autism including mental health–focused didactics and provider case presentations. Analysis of pre- and post-measures revealed improvements in all domains, including significant increases in provider knowledge of autism spectrum disorders, self-efficacy, and problem-solving. Participants additionally reported high satisfaction with their experience. Taken together, preliminary results indicate that Project ECHO Autism may be a feasible, accessible, and effective method for increasing mental health provider competence and ultimately increasing access to services for autistic individuals who have co-occurring mental health diagnoses. Lay abstract Although many autistic individuals have additional mental health conditions, most have a hard time getting services from mental health providers. One reason why these services can be hard to access is that many mental health providers do not feel confident in their ability to provide services to autistic individuals. To share autism expertise with local community providers and boost their confidence in working with autistic individuals, we created a mental health version of the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (Project ECHO) Autism virtual teleconsultation program. In this pilot study, we recruited 51 community mental health providers to participate in Project ECHO Autism. During each biweekly session, providers received information from autism experts about how to tailor mental health interventions (e.g. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or anxiety interventions) for use with autistic individuals. They also had the opportunity to ask questions and get advice on their current cases. At the end of the 6-month study, mental health providers showed improvements in their confidence, in their knowledge of autism, and in their problem-solving skills. Nearly half (45%) of these providers participated from rural counties, suggesting that the Project ECHO Autism teleconsultation model was able to reach mental health providers who might not have been able to get training otherwise. This study supports the feasibility of using Project ECHO Autism to share autism knowledge with mental health providers, consequently expanding mental health service options for autistic individuals with co-occurring mental health conditions.

scholarly journals Governance of Protecting Patients

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S126-S126
Author(s):  
Sureshkumar Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Involuntary Commitment ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Protective Custody

AimsInvoluntary commitment is a legal process through which an individual with symptoms of severe mental illness is court-ordered into inpatient or outpatient treatment. These criteria vary between nations. The goal of this presentation is to compare the governance of protecting patients among different parts of the world.BackgroundUnderstanding the relevance of the judicial committeemen in psychiatry is an essential part of good psychiatric practice. A majority of patients who need inpatient psychiatric treatment fall into one of the following categories: dangerous to self, dangerous to others, or gravely disabled.In the United States, the Parens Patriate doctrine has had great application in the treatment of mentally ill persons, children, and other individuals who are legally incompetent to manage their affairs. The states, which act as parens patriae, can make decisions regarding mental health treatment. State law governs involuntary commitment, and procedures may vary among states.MethodOne of the essential duties of St. Tammany Parish Coroner Office, Louisiana, USA is Mental Health Service, From January 2017 to October 2019, 887 Order of Protective Custody (OPC), 17,838 Physician Emergency Certificates (PEC), and 13096 Coroner Emergency Certificates (CEC) were issued. These certificates allow legal authority to transport a patient to the nearest ER for assessment by physician and mental health providers.ResultPatients with active Physician Certificate are examined by a coroner according to patient's mental history and clinical presentation. Coroner Certificate helps the treatment facilty detail the patient for diagnosis and treatment for fifteen days.ConclusionSt. Tammany Parish Coroner Office is fulfilling its responsibility to provide proper mental health to psychiatric patients. It is necessary for each country/state/parish to have legal structure and provide proper care who are dangerous to self or others, or gravely disabled. The procedures of OPC, PEC, and CEC will be presented.

scholarly journals Taking a Closer Look at Mental Health Treatment Differences: Effectiveness of Mental Health Treatment by Provider Type in Racial and Ethnic Minorities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272096640
Author(s):  
Tracey L. Henry ◽  
Anuradha Jetty ◽  
Stephen Petterson ◽  
Helaina Jaffree ◽  
Allie Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Mental Health Provider ◽  
Health Provider ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Provider Type ◽  
Health Treatment

Objectives: To estimate racial/ethnic differences in the extent to which mental health treatment is obtained from mental health providers, primary care physicians (PCPs), or both and to examine the effects of provider type on change in mental component scores (MCS) of the SF-12 on different race/ethnic groups. Methods: Secondary data analysis of 2008 to 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Non-institutionalized civilian US population, aged 18 to 64 (N = 62 558). Based on counts of all mental health visits in a calendar year, we identified patients who obtained care from PCPs, mental health provider, PCP and mental health providers and other providers and examined changes in MCS by type of care. Results: 9.9% of Non-Hispanic Whites obtained mental health treatment, compared to 5.0% for Hispanics, 5.3% for Blacks and 5.5% for Other Races ( P < .001). Non-Hispanic Blacks and non-Hispanic “Other” were more likely than other groups to obtain care from mental health providers only ( P = .017). All obtaining care solely from PCP had better mental health (mean (se)) MCS: 43.2(0.28)) than those obtaining care solely from mental health provider (39.8 (0.48)), which in turn was higher than for those obtaining care from both PC and MH providers (38.5 (0.31), ( P < .001). Conclusion: Even when diagnosed with a mental health disorder, Hispanics and Blacks were less likely to seek mental health treatment than Whites, highlighting the continuing disparity. Future research should focus on understanding how and what aspects of integrated care models and other mental health delivery models that reduce disparities and provide greater accessibility.

Using evaluative frameworks to examine the implementation outcomes of a cognitive behavioral therapy program for autistic students with anxiety within public school settings

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110657
Author(s):  
Katherine Pickard ◽  
Allison Meyer ◽  
Nuri Reyes ◽  
Tanea Tanda ◽  
Judy Reaven
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Student Needs ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Participation

Cognitive behavioral therapy for youth with autism spectrum disorder and anxiety is effective, but disparities exist in accessing these programs. Training school providers to deliver cognitive behavioral therapy may help to address these disparities. However, little is known about how cognitive behavioral therapy programs are implemented by interdisciplinary school providers and the broader impact of these programs. This study aimed to address this gap and was part of a larger trial that examined the effectiveness of Facing Your Fears–School-Based across 25 public schools. Study aims were to understand the impact of Facing Your Fears–School-Based and factors that impacted implementation. Thirty providers participated in exit interviews guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. Primary themes included (1) the fit of Facing Your Fears–School-Based for diverse students; (2) the effects of Facing Your Fears–School-Based on students’ school participation; and (3) planned Facing Your Fears–School-Based maintenance. Participants also highlighted the program’s accessibility for non-mental health providers and reported adapting Facing Your Fears–School-Based in response to student needs. Results suggest that Facing Your Fears–School-Based may have a broader impact on students and highlight the importance of task sharing to overcome mental health staff shortages within public schools. Programs that can be implemented flexibly are also critical given variability in school structures and student needs. Lay abstract Cognitive behavioral therapy helps to treat anxiety symptoms in autistic youth, but it is difficult for families to access cognitive behavioral therapy in the community. Training school providers to deliver cognitive behavioral therapy may help autistic youth and their families to access these programs. Unfortunately, we do not know how cognitive behavioral therapy programs can be delivered by school providers and how these programs help the autistic students who access them. This study addressed this gap and was part of a larger study that looked at the effectiveness of Facing Your Fears–School-Based in 25 public schools. The study goals were to understand whether Facing Your Fears–School-Based helped students and the factors that made it easy or difficult to deliver Facing Your Fears–School-Based in schools. Thirty providers participated in interviews guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. Participants shared information that fell into several major categories that included (1) delivering Facing Your Fears–School-Based to many different students; (2) the positive impact of Facing Your Fears–School-Based on students’ school participation; and (3) plans to continue using Facing Your Fears–School-Based. School providers also shared that Facing Your Fears–School-Based was easy to use for non-mental health providers and reported adapting Facing Your Fears–School-Based to meet student needs. The results of this study suggest that Facing Your Fears–School-Based may help autistic students and highlight the importance of using mental health programs in schools that are flexible, able to be adapted, and that are able to be used by many different types of school providers.

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