Dermoid/Epidermoid Tumors

Computed Tomography ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cerebellopontine Angle ◽

Intracranial Tumors ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Epidermoid tumors of the central nervous system are typically found in the cerebellopontine angle or parasellar space and comprise approximately 1% of all intracranial tumors. Dermoid cysts tend to occur in midline locations. Both are derived from embryonal tissue and have classic imaging findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Epidermoid tumors and dermoid cysts are benign and grow slowly, although epidermoid cysts can undergo malignant transformation. Surgical decisions and approaches are based on the presenting symptoms and anatomic location of the tumor. Mollaret meningitis is a unique complication of these cysts and may occur if the cyst ruptures preoperatively or during surgery.

Imaging of CNS Fungal Infections: Review Article

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand ◽

10.35755/jmedassocthai.2021.05.12241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 104 (5) ◽

pp. 872-885

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are usually identified in immunocompromised patients but rare in immunocompetent hosts. The clinical and imaging manifestations are mainly influenced by types of fungal pathogen and immune status of the patients. The CNS fungal infections can develop through hematogenous dissemination from primary site of infection, cerebrospinal fluid seeding, or direct extension from adjacent sources of infection. Fungal infections can result in meningitis, meningoencephalitis, cerebritis, granuloma, or abscess formation, which imaging findings are often non-specific and difficult to distinguish from bacterial or tuberculous infection, non-infectious inflammatory disease, or even intracranial neoplasm. Vascular complications including vasculitis, cerebral infarction, or mycotic aneurysm are commonly present due to angioinvasion of fungal hyphae. In addition, some characteristic imaging features of fungal infections can be identified by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as intracavitary projections in fungal abscesses and gelatinous pseudocysts in cryptococcosis that could help suggest the diagnosis. Recognizing the imaging findings of common intracranial fungal infections combined with appropriate clinical setting is crucial for allowing early diagnosis and leading to early specific treatment. The present article reviewed common imaging findings of CNS fungal infections and distinct imaging features of specific pathogens. Keywords: Fungal infection, Brain abscess, Cryptococcosis, Central nervous system (CNS), Computed tomography (CT), Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Regression of Tumor in the Pineal Gland after Exclusive Radiotherapy: Case Report

10.5327/1516-3180.569 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

João Lucas Pordeus de Menezes ◽

João Victor Bezerra Ramos ◽

Louyse Jerônimo de Morais ◽

Maurus Marques de Almeida Holanda

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Case Report ◽

Pineal Gland ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Pineal Region ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Background: Brain tumors are the most common solid neoplasia and the main cause of death from malignancy in children. Germ cell tumors (GCT) of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare. In pediatrics, the main location is close to the pineal gland and germinomas are the most common intracranial GCTs. Objectives and Methods: To describe the case of a patient with a possible germinoma treated exclusively with radiotherapy. The case was studied and came from a referral hospital – João Pesssoa, PB. Results: Reports “impaired failure”, disorientation and headache. Computed tomography: Hydrocephalus and strong tumor suspicion in the pineal region. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-gonadotropin (betaHCG) measurements: Normal. Treatment can be based on radiotherapy or chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. In this case, radiotherapy was performed at a dosage of 10 Gy, with control, after one month, by means of magnetic resonance imaging that revealed regression of the lesion. The treatment corroborated the hypothesis of a germinoma, which is extremely radiosensitive. However, the regression made it impossible to perform the anatomopathological exam for diagnostic conclusion. Conclusions: It can be seen, then, that primary CNG GCTs are part of a heterogeneous group of extremely rare lesions, with germinoma therapy still controversial. The case shows regression of a possible germinoma only with the use of radiotherapy.

False-positive magnetic resonance imaging findings in follow-up of pediatric patients with tumors of the central nervous system

SAGE Open Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1177/2050313x16666232 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 2050313X1666623 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Satiro Nakamura De Oliveira ◽

Ignacio Gonzalez-Gomez ◽

Ashok Panigrahy ◽

Mark Krieger ◽

Gordon McComb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

False Positive ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Prospective Observations of 100 High-Risk Neonates by High-Field (1.5 Tesla) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Central Nervous System: I. Intraventricular and Extracerebral Lesions

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.87.4.421 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 421-430

Author(s):

Susan E. Keeney ◽

Eugene W. Adcock ◽

Craig B. McArdle

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽

High Field ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Neurodevelopmental Delay ◽

The results of observations of the first 100 neonates at the University of Texas Health Science Center (Houston) who received magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system by means of a high-field image (1.5 T) are reported. All were assessed prospectively to be at risk for neurodevelopmental delay. This first report specifically addresses the appearance of primarily hemorrhagic intracranial lesions, including intraventricular hemorrhage (n = 28), and extracerebral lesions, which include 3 cases of venous sinus thrombosis (n = 20). The signal intensities of hemorrhage underwent a characteristic evolution with time with only minor variations in the study group. Magnetic resonance imaging detected direct evidence of hemorrhage for up to 2 months, but hemosiderin was detected as a late indicator of hemorrhage for up to 9 months. Magnetic resonance imaging was equal in benefit to head ultrasonography and computed tomography for the diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage, but magnetic resonance imaging was also able to approximate the time of onset of hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging was superior for the evaluation of extracerebral hemorrhage; ultrasonography failed to detect any of these lesions and computed tomography detected only 3 of 7. Short-term neurological abnormality was assessed, but the ability of magnetic resonance imaging to predict long-term neurodevelopmental delay is unknown and is the subject of an ongoing project.

Congenital Zika syndrome and neuroimaging findings: what do we know so far?

Radiologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/0100-3984.2017.0098 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 314-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Bruno Niemeyer de Freitas Ribeiro ◽

Bernardo Carvalho Muniz ◽

Emerson Leandro Gasparetto ◽

Nina Ventura ◽

Edson Marchiori

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Central Nervous System Involvement ◽

Congenital Infection ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Congenital Zika Syndrome

Abstract Although infection with the Zika virus was first recognized in 1942, it received little attention until 2007, when a true pandemic spread throughout Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Since then, numerous forms of central nervous system involvement have been described, mainly malformations related to congenital infection. Although the neuroimaging findings in congenital Zika syndrome are not pathognomonic, many are quite suggestive of the diagnosis, and radiologists should be prepared to interpret such findings accordingly. The objective of this article is to review the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in congenital Zika syndrome.