Regression of Tumor in the Pineal Gland after Exclusive Radiotherapy: Case Report

Background: Brain tumors are the most common solid neoplasia and the main cause of death from malignancy in children. Germ cell tumors (GCT) of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare. In pediatrics, the main location is close to the pineal gland and germinomas are the most common intracranial GCTs. Objectives and Methods: To describe the case of a patient with a possible germinoma treated exclusively with radiotherapy. The case was studied and came from a referral hospital – João Pesssoa, PB. Results: Reports “impaired failure”, disorientation and headache. Computed tomography: Hydrocephalus and strong tumor suspicion in the pineal region. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-gonadotropin (betaHCG) measurements: Normal. Treatment can be based on radiotherapy or chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. In this case, radiotherapy was performed at a dosage of 10 Gy, with control, after one month, by means of magnetic resonance imaging that revealed regression of the lesion. The treatment corroborated the hypothesis of a germinoma, which is extremely radiosensitive. However, the regression made it impossible to perform the anatomopathological exam for diagnostic conclusion. Conclusions: It can be seen, then, that primary CNG GCTs are part of a heterogeneous group of extremely rare lesions, with germinoma therapy still controversial. The case shows regression of a possible germinoma only with the use of radiotherapy.

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Radial contrast enhancement on brain magnetic resonance imaging could be diagnostic of primary angiitis of the central nervous system: a case report and review of the literature

Journal of Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/1752-1947-8-26 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kartheek Ganta ◽

Aisha Mohsin Malik ◽

James B Wood ◽

Michael C Levin

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Case Report ◽

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

System A ◽

Primary Angiitis ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Prospective Observations of 100 High-Risk Neonates by High-Field (1.5 Tesla) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Central Nervous System: I. Intraventricular and Extracerebral Lesions

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.87.4.421 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 421-430

Author(s):

Susan E. Keeney ◽

Eugene W. Adcock ◽

Craig B. McArdle

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽

High Field ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Neurodevelopmental Delay ◽

The Central Nervous System

The results of observations of the first 100 neonates at the University of Texas Health Science Center (Houston) who received magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system by means of a high-field image (1.5 T) are reported. All were assessed prospectively to be at risk for neurodevelopmental delay. This first report specifically addresses the appearance of primarily hemorrhagic intracranial lesions, including intraventricular hemorrhage (n = 28), and extracerebral lesions, which include 3 cases of venous sinus thrombosis (n = 20). The signal intensities of hemorrhage underwent a characteristic evolution with time with only minor variations in the study group. Magnetic resonance imaging detected direct evidence of hemorrhage for up to 2 months, but hemosiderin was detected as a late indicator of hemorrhage for up to 9 months. Magnetic resonance imaging was equal in benefit to head ultrasonography and computed tomography for the diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage, but magnetic resonance imaging was also able to approximate the time of onset of hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging was superior for the evaluation of extracerebral hemorrhage; ultrasonography failed to detect any of these lesions and computed tomography detected only 3 of 7. Short-term neurological abnormality was assessed, but the ability of magnetic resonance imaging to predict long-term neurodevelopmental delay is unknown and is the subject of an ongoing project.

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Dermoid/Epidermoid Tumors

10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ashish H. Shah ◽

Jacques J. Morcos

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cerebellopontine Angle ◽

Intracranial Tumors ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

The Central Nervous System

Epidermoid tumors of the central nervous system are typically found in the cerebellopontine angle or parasellar space and comprise approximately 1% of all intracranial tumors. Dermoid cysts tend to occur in midline locations. Both are derived from embryonal tissue and have classic imaging findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Epidermoid tumors and dermoid cysts are benign and grow slowly, although epidermoid cysts can undergo malignant transformation. Surgical decisions and approaches are based on the presenting symptoms and anatomic location of the tumor. Mollaret meningitis is a unique complication of these cysts and may occur if the cyst ruptures preoperatively or during surgery.

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