Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1028-1036
Author(s):  
John W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi ◽  
System P ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Hematogenous Seeding ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

Fungal infections within the central nervous system (CNS) occur more commonly in patients with immunosuppressive conditions but occasionally are diagnosed in immunocompetent patients as well. This may reflect the route of infection and the specific pathogen. Fungal infections resulting from hematogenous seeding are typically encountered in patients with profound and prolonged immunosuppression (including neutropenia); however, pathogens such as Cryptococcus gattii and some dimorphic fungi can also produce CNS disease in otherwise healthy persons. A common avenue of infection in immunocompetent patients is traumatic or nosocomial inoculation, including neurosurgical procedures, foreign body implants, and contaminated spinal fluid injections.

Fungal central nervous system infections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tihana Bicanic ◽  
Thomas S. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mass Lesions

Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are amongst the most severe of all fungal infections. Cryptococcus neoformans is the commonest cause of adult meningitis in many countries with high HIV prevalence. C gattii is usually seen in the tropics in apparently immunocompetent patients. Meningitis is also caused by Candida in premature babies, and by the dimorphic fungi in endemic areas. CNS infections with Aspergillus, the mucormycetes, and less common moulds usually present as intracranial mass lesions in immunocompromised hosts. Early suspicion, prompt imaging, and appropriate samples for culture, histology, and antigen and molecular tests are all critical for early diagnosis. Organism-specific antifungal therapy relies largely on liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole, with therapeutic drug monitoring for the latter. Amphotericin B plus flucytosine is recommended for cryptococcal meningitis. Management of underlying conditions is also critical. Targeted prophylaxis in highest risk groups and pre-emptive therapy for HIV-associated cryptococcosis hold promise for prevention and improved outcome.

Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratibha Singhi ◽  
Karthi Nallasamy ◽  
Sunit Singhi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Direct Invasion ◽  
System P ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mass Lesions ◽  
Growing Population

Fungal infections of the central nervous system are important because of their increasing incidence and the growing population of at-risk individuals. CNS spread is usually hematogenous but rarely can be due to direct invasion from adjacent structures. Morphology of the infecting fungus may predict the regions affected and the lesion phenotype. Meningitis and mass lesions are the most frequent. This chapter reviews the current understanding of the neuropathogenesis of fungal infections with mention of histopathological and imaging correlations. Important aspects of management are also discussed. Diagnosis requires strong clinical suspicion. Treatment is often multimodal with prolonged drug therapy, surgery, and supportive care.

Effects of an injectable functionalized self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel on angiogenesis and neurogenesis for regeneration of the central nervous system

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (42) ◽  
pp. 16281-16292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Wei Wang ◽  
Kai-Chieh Chang ◽  
Liang-Hsin Chen ◽  
Shih-Yung Liao ◽  
Chia-Wei Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
System P ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Functionalised self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel mediates angiogenesis and neurogenesis for injured brain tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e123-e133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W McCarthy ◽  
Darius Kalasauskas ◽  
Vidmantas Petraitis ◽  
Ruta Petraitiene ◽  
Thomas J Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A practical pH-compatible fluorescent sensor for hydrazine in soil, water and living cells

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (22) ◽  
pp. 7380-7387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huming Yan ◽  
Fangjun Huo ◽  
Yongkang Yue ◽  
Jianbin Chao ◽  
Caixia Yin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The excellent water solubility of hydrazine (N2H4) allows it to easily invade the human body through the skin and respiratory tract, thereby damaging human organs and the central nervous system.

Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroldo C. de Oliveira ◽  
Rafael F. Castelli ◽  
Diogo Kuczera ◽  
Taiane N. Souza ◽  
Caroline M. Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system

2010 ◽  
pp. 4948-4963
Author(s):  
Siddharthan Chandran ◽  
Alastair Compston
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Clinicians suspect demyelination when episodes reflecting damage to white matter tracts within the central nervous system occur in young adults. The paucity of specific biological markers of discrete demyelinating syndromes places an emphasis on clinical phenotype—temporal and spatial patterns—when classifying demyelinating disorders. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, the most common demyelinating disorder, becomes probable when these symptoms and signs recur, involving different parts of the brain and spinal cord. Other important demyelinating diseases include post-infectious neurological disorders (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis), demyelination resulting from metabolic derangements (central pontine myelinosis), and inherited leucodystrophies that may present in children or in adults. Accepting differences in mechanism, presentation, and treatment, two observations can usefully be made when classifying demyelinating disorders. These are the presence or absence of inflammation, and the extent of focal vs. diffuse demyelination. Multiple sclerosis is prototypic for the former, whereas dysmyelinating disorders, such as leucodystrophies are representative of the latter....

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