Role of magnetic resonance imaging in aortic disease

2015 ◽  
pp. 611-624
Author(s):  
Arturo Evangelista ◽  
Jérôme Garot
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Aortic Diseases ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Great Vessels

MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that permits the most comprehensive study of aortic diseases. It offers morphological, functional and biochemical information. Conventional ECG-gated spin-echo imaging, cine gradient-echo and contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography have earned MRI the reputation of being the ideal tool for evaluating the aorta. The phase-contrast imaging technique enables the assessment of flow in the great vessels. MRI can be used to define the location and extent of aneurysms, dissections and aortic wall ulceration. This is the best technique to demonstrate areas of wall thickening related to aortitis or intramural haematoma. MRI may also be used as a tool to study aortic physiology by assessment of elastic aortic properties, stiffness and aortic wall shear stress. MRI is particularly useful in patients with either contraindications to iodinated contrast material or in those with known aneurysms who require sequential follow-up.

Aortic disease: Aneurysm and dissection—role of CMR

2021 ◽  
pp. 757-770
Author(s):  
Jose F. Rodriguez-Palomares ◽  
Arturo Evangelista
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Intramural Haematoma ◽  
Aortic Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Technological Advances

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a non-invasive imaging technique that permits the most comprehensive study of aortic diseases since it offers morphological, functional, and biochemical information. Technological advances which have implied faster gradients, newer sequences, and ultrafast angiography, have made CMR the modality of choice for imaging aortic diseases. CMR can be used to define the location and extent of aneurysms, dissections, and aortic wall ulceration. This is the best technique to demonstrate areas of wall thickening related to aortitis or intramural haematoma. Furthermore, CMR may be used as a tool to study aortic physiology by assessment of elastic aortic properties, stiffness, and aortic wall shear stress. This information is obtained without the use of ionizing radiation, and in some instances, without the need of contrast. Thus, CMR is particularly useful in patients with either contraindications to iodinated contrast or in those with aortic diseases that require sequential follow-up.

scholarly journals CT and MR imaging of the thoracic aorta

Open Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Di Cesare ◽  
Alessandra Splendiani ◽  
Antonio Barile ◽  
Ettore Squillaci ◽  
Annamaria Di Cesare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Aortic Diseases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Movement Artifact ◽  
Acute Aortic Disease ◽  
New Generation

AbstractAt present time, both CT and MRI are valuable techniques in the study of the thoracic aorta. Nowadays, CT represents the most widely employed technique for the study of the thoracic aorta. The new generation CTs show sensitivities up to 100% and specificities of 98-99%. Sixteen and wider row detectors provide isotropic pixels, mandatory for the ineludible longitudinal reconstruction. The main limits are related to the X-ray dose expoure and the use of iodinated contrast media. MRI has great potential in the study of the thoracic aorta. Nevertheless, if compared to CT, acquisition times remain longer and movement artifact susceptibility higher. The main MRI disadvantages are claustrophobia, presence of ferromagnetic implants, pacemakers, longer acquisition times with respect to CT, inability to use contrast media in cases of renal insufficiency, lower spatial resolution and less availability than CT. CT is preferred in the acute aortic disease. Nevertheless, since it requires iodinated contrast media and X-ray exposure, it may be adequately replaced by MRI in the follow up of aortic diseases. The main limitation of MRI, however, is related to the scarce visibility of stents and calcifications.

Nonionic Low-Osmolar Monomeric Iodinated Contrast Material: Some Aspects of use for Computed Tomography in Children

2017 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
I. A. Kondrashov ◽  
V. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Minimum Risk ◽  
Electrical Neutrality ◽  
Iodinated Contrast

Iodine containing contrast media are used much frequently now-a-days for computed tomography examinations in children. The group of non-ionic monomers occupies a special place among modern contrast agents. Low osmolarity and viscosity, electrical neutrality and the highest iodine content of these contrast materials provide the best diagnostic efficacy with minimum risk of adverse reactions. However, characteristic anatomic and physiological aspects of a growing child’s body require additional attention and care during diagnostic procedures with use of such contrast agents. This article presents concise literature review of recent years highlighting practical aspects of nonionic lowosmolar iodinated contrast material use for computed tomography assisted diagnostic examinations in child population.

Statins in Aortic Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (46) ◽  
pp. 7109-7120
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Tsigkou ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Evanthia Bletsa ◽  
Maria-Paraskevi Panoilia ◽  
Angeliki Papastavrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Valve Regurgitation ◽  
Aortic Diseases ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Pleiotropic Actions ◽  
Optimal Type

Background: Numerous studies indicate that statins have multiple beneficial actions (known as ‘pleiotropic actions&#39;) on cardiovascular system through the improvement of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, excessive arterial thrombosis, and stabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque. Aortic disease primarily consists of aortic valve stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation, aneurysm disease, and genetic disorders such as Marfan syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve and aortic coarctation. Many studies have revealed the cardioprotective actions of statins in aortic disease. </P><P> Objective: Our aim was to present current data concerning the value of treatment with statins in aortic diseases. </P><P> Methods: A thorough search of PubMed and the Cochrane Database was conducted to identify the studies and novel articles related to the use of statins in aortic disease. </P><P> Results: Numerous studies in animals and humans indicate a beneficial effect of treatment with statins in the previous conditions apart from a few conflicting data. </P><P> Conclusion: There is a need of further investigation in this field, especially for the estimation of the optimal type and dose of statins required in each clinical condition of aortic disease.

scholarly journals Role of MSCT in the diagnosis of perforated gall bladder (a retrospective study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Harraz ◽  
Ahmed H. Abouissa
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Acute Diverticulitis ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Abstract Background Although gall bladder perforation (GBP) is not common, it is considered a life-threating condition, and the possibility of occurrence in cases of acute cholecystitis must be considered. The aim of this study was to assess the role of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in the assessment of GBP. Results It is a retrospective study including 19 patients that had GBP out of 147, there were 11 females (57.8%) and 8 males (42.1%), aged 42 to 79 year (mean age 60) presented with acute abdomen or acute cholecystitis. All patients were examined with abdominal ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced abdominal MSCT after written informed consent was obtained from the patients. This study was between January and December 2018. Patients with contraindications to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) (pregnancy, acute kidney failure, or allergy to iodinated contrast agents) who underwent US only were excluded. Patients with other diagnoses, such as acute diverticulitis of the right-sided colon or acute appendicitis, were excluded. The radiological findings were evaluated such as GB distention; stones; wall thickening, enhancement, and defect; pericholecystic free fluid or collection; enhancement of liver parenchyma; and air in the wall or lumen. All CT findings are compared with the surgical results. Our results revealed that the most important and diagnostic MSCT finding in GBP is a mural defect. Nineteen patients were proved surgically to have GBP. Conclusion GBP is a rare but very serious condition and should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible to decrease morbidity and mortality. The most accurate diagnostic tool is the CT, MSCT findings most specific and sensitive for the detection of GBP and its complications.

scholarly journals Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Aortic Wall Thickening and Glomerular Proteinuria During Infancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 772-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bertin ◽  
E Cosmi ◽  
S Visentin ◽  
T Fanelli ◽  
D Trevisanuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Glomerular Proteinuria

X-ray imaging with ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering as a contrast mechanism

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Levine ◽  
G. G. Long
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Contrast Mechanism ◽  
Ray Scattering

A new transmission X-ray imaging technique using ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) as a contrast mechanism is described. USAXS imaging can sometimes provide contrast in cases where radiography and phase-contrast imaging are unsuccessful. Images produced at different scattering vectors highlight different microstructural features within the same sample volume. When used in conjunction with USAXS scans, USAXS imaging provides substantial quantitative and qualitative three-dimensional information on the sizes, shapes and spatial arrangements of the scattering objects. The imaging technique is demonstrated on metal and biological samples.

scholarly journals Tissue pertechnetate and iodinated contrast material in ischemic stroke.

Stroke ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Anderson ◽  
D T Coss ◽  
R L Jacobson ◽  
M W Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Iodinated Contrast
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