Invasive EEG in Cortical Dysplasia

2018 ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Laura Tassi ◽  
Roberto Mai
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
Cortical Dysplasias ◽  
Cortical Localization ◽  
Consensus Classification ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are among the most frequent causes of focal, drug-resistant epilepsy. Recently, a new histopathological international consensus classification recognized three different types of FCDs, encompassing various anatomo-electro-clinical characteristics, associated with diverse connotations of architectural disruption and cytological abnormalities. These exhibit dissimilar patterns of clinical onset, seizure frequency, cognitive and neurological impairment, neuroradiological aspects, cortical localization, EEG characteristics, and surgical outcome. In the presurgical workup, the presence, localization, and possibility of identifying the limits of an anatomical lesion strongly influence the choice of investigations. Consequently, in FCDs type II and III, in which the dysplasia (particularly in type IIb) or the associated lesion (type III) are unambiguously evident, invasive monitoring is not mandatory. In contrast, FCDs type I, and a fraction of type II (varying between from 10% to 50%) show no or minor abnormalities on neuroradiological investigations. Here, invasive recordings are usually necessary.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the innate and adaptive immunity in type I and type II focal cortical dysplasias

Epilepsia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1763-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Iyer ◽  
Emanuele Zurolo ◽  
Wim G.M. Spliet ◽  
Peter C. Van Rijen ◽  
Johannes C. Baayen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Cortical Dysplasias

scholarly journals Early Progenitor Cell Marker Expression Distinguishes Type II From Type I Focal Cortical Dysplasias

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 850-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia A. Orlova ◽  
Victoria Tsai ◽  
Marianna Baybis ◽  
Gregory G. Heuer ◽  
Sanjay Sisodiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Marker ◽  
Cortical Dysplasias ◽  
Marker Expression

A clinico-pathological classification of laryngeal paraganglioma

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama El-Silimy ◽  
Leonard Harvy
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Pathological Classification ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Rare Lesion

AbstractA case of metastatic laryngeal paraganglioma is presented. We have reviewed the current world literature on this entity and thereby identified two apparently distinct types of this rare lesion (type I and type II).The histopathological features are unhelpful in discriminating these two types and this is instead based on clinicoepidemiological differences. The latter are annotated and discussed with respect to prognosis and management. A true estimate of the frequence of type II (potentially malignant) awaits the utilization of the recent improvements in diagnostic. techniques.

scholarly journals Nonspherocytic Congenital Hemolytic Anemia

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1371-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. DE GRUCHY ◽  
J. N. SANTAMARIA ◽  
I. C. PARSONS ◽  
HAL CRAWFORD
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
The Family ◽  
Congenital Hemolytic Anemia

Abstract 1. The clinical and hematological features of seven cases of nonspherocytic congenital hemolytic anemia occurring in four different families are presented, together with family studies. Four cases resemble Selwyn and Dacie’s Type I and three cases their Type II. Cases in the literature similar to our cases are reviewed. 2. The Type I cases showed the following features: normocytic or slightly macrocytic anemia with mild hypochromia and some stippling; a decreased or normal osmotic fragility of fresh blood and a decreased fragility of incubated blood; a slightly increased autohemolysis corrected by glucose and by ATP. The family history was positive and clinical onset was usually in adult life. Survival studies suggest that splenectomy may result in partial remission. 3. The Type II cases showed the following features: a marked uniform macrocytosis with numerous Pappenheimer bodies (postsplenectomy); a normal osmotic fragility of fresh blood and an increased fragility of incubated blood; an increased autohemolysis uncorrected by glucose but corrected by ATP. The family history was often negative and clinical onset was usually in infancy. Splenectomy in general appeared to produce no benefit. 4. The classification and pathogenesis of these anemias is discussed. It is pointed out that Type I is not a homogeneous group, and that our cases simply represent one subgroup of this type. Type II appears to be a more homogeneous group. Preliminary biochemical studies suggest the difference in clinical types may be determined by differences in biochemical defects.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
T.A. Fassel ◽  
M.J. Schaller ◽  
M.E. Lidstrom ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

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