Evaluation of the innate and adaptive immunity in type I and type II focal cortical dysplasias

ABSTRACT Chemokines play an important role in inflammation and infection due to their ability to recruit cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Here we examined mouse macrophage chemokine responses during intracellular infections with high- and low-virulence Toxoplasma gondii strains. The high-virulence type I strain RH induced a large panel of CC-type chemokines, whereas responses elicited by strains PTG (type II) and M7741 (type III) were much weaker. Strikingly, the T. gondii-induced chemokine response occurred independently of signaling through the Toll-like receptor adaptor MyD88. Instead, production of chemokines during infection was heavily dependent upon phosphoinositide-3-kinase signaling pathways. Because infection with type I strains such as RH results in an uncontrolled proinflammatory cytokine response, we hypothesize that this virulence phenotype is a consequence of early strong induction of chemokines by type I, but not type II or III, Toxoplasma strains.

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CD40 Enhances Type I Interferon Responses Downstream of CD47 Blockade, Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Cancer Immunology Research ◽

10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0493 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 230-245

Author(s):

Suresh de Silva ◽

George Fromm ◽

Casey W. Shuptrine ◽

Kellsey Johannes ◽

Arpita Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Immunity ◽

Type I Interferon ◽

Type I ◽

Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽

Interferon Responses

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Primary infection with simian immunodeficiency virus: plasmacytoid dendritic cell homing to lymph nodes, type I interferon, and immune suppression

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2008-06-162651 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (12) ◽

pp. 4598-4608 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Benoît Malleret ◽

Benjamin Manéglier ◽

Ingrid Karlsson ◽

Pierre Lebon ◽

Michelina Nascimbeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Adaptive Immunity ◽

Immune Suppression ◽

Primary Infection ◽

Type I Interferon ◽

Type I ◽

Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

AbstractPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are antigen-presenting cells that develop into type-I interferon (IFN-I)–producing cells in response to pathogens. Their role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis needs to be understood. We analyzed their dynamics in relation to innate and adaptive immunity very early during the acute phase of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in 18 macaques. pDC counts decreased in blood and increased in peripheral lymph nodes, consistent with early recruitment in secondary lymphoid tissues. These changes correlated with the kinetic and intensity of viremia and were associated with a peak of plasma IFN-I. IFN-I and viremia were positively correlated with functional activity of the immune suppression associated enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and FoxP3+CD8+ T cells, which both negatively correlated with SIV-specific T-cell proliferation and CD4+ T-cell activation. These data suggest that pDCs and IFN-I play a key role in shaping innate and adaptive immunity toward suppressive pathways during the acute phase of SIV/HIV primary infection.

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The use of mice lacking type I or both type I and type II interferon responses in research on hemorrhagic fever viruses. Part 1: Potential effects on adaptive immunity and response to vaccination

Antiviral Research ◽

10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104703 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 104703 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elizabeth C. Clarke ◽

Steven B. Bradfute

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Immunity ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Interferon Responses

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The Role of Type I and Type II NKT Cells in Materno-Fetal Immunity

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9121901 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1901

Author(s):

Eva Miko ◽

Aliz Barakonyi ◽

Matyas Meggyes ◽

Laszlo Szereday

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Nkt Cells ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Tolerance Mechanisms ◽

Immune Cell Population ◽

Innate And Adaptive Immunity

NKT cells represent a small but significant immune cell population as being a part of and bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Their ability to exert strong immune responses via cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion makes them significant immune effectors. Since pregnancy requires unconventional maternal immunity with a tolerogenic phenotype, investigation of the possible role of NKT cells in materno-fetal immune tolerance mechanisms is of particular importance. This review aims to summarize and organize the findings of previous studies in this field. Data and information about NKT cells from mice and humans will be presented, focusing on NKT cells characteristics during normal pregnancy in the periphery and at the materno-fetal interface and their possible involvement in female reproductive failure and pregnancy complications with an immunological background.

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Invasive EEG in Cortical Dysplasia

Invasive Studies of the Human Epileptic Brain ◽

10.1093/med/9780198714668.003.0015 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 185-197

Author(s):

Laura Tassi ◽

Roberto Mai

Keyword(s):

Neurological Impairment ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

International Consensus ◽

Clinical Onset ◽

Lesion Type ◽

Cortical Dysplasias ◽

Cortical Localization ◽

Consensus Classification ◽

Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are among the most frequent causes of focal, drug-resistant epilepsy. Recently, a new histopathological international consensus classification recognized three different types of FCDs, encompassing various anatomo-electro-clinical characteristics, associated with diverse connotations of architectural disruption and cytological abnormalities. These exhibit dissimilar patterns of clinical onset, seizure frequency, cognitive and neurological impairment, neuroradiological aspects, cortical localization, EEG characteristics, and surgical outcome. In the presurgical workup, the presence, localization, and possibility of identifying the limits of an anatomical lesion strongly influence the choice of investigations. Consequently, in FCDs type II and III, in which the dysplasia (particularly in type IIb) or the associated lesion (type III) are unambiguously evident, invasive monitoring is not mandatory. In contrast, FCDs type I, and a fraction of type II (varying between from 10% to 50%) show no or minor abnormalities on neuroradiological investigations. Here, invasive recordings are usually necessary.

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