Nuclear cardiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Aju P. Pazhenkottil ◽  
Ronny R. Buechel
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Pet Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Nuclear imaging was first introduced with the development of scintillator cameras by Hal Anger in the early 1960s. Hence, nuclear imaging is one of the oldest non-invasive imaging techniques in cardiology, beside echocardiography. Over the last few decades, nuclear imaging has seen tremendous advances and has generated great interest as a non-invasive method to assess a variety of medical conditions. Aside from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) for patients with oncological disease, the growth of nuclear medicine in recent years has been mainly driven by the increasing use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and PET myocardial perfusion imaging studies in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. While SPECT as a non-invasive method is widely available, PET has superior spatial and temporal resolution, allowing quantification of radiotracer uptake and thereby contributing important insights into the pathophysiological regulation of myocardial blood flow and cardiac metabolism.

scholarly journals Recent applications of nuclear medicine in diagnostics: II part

2013 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Giorgio Treglia ◽  
Ernesto Cason ◽  
Giorgio Fagioli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Positron-emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are effective diagnostic imaging tools in several clinical settings. The aim of this article (the second of a 2-part series) is to examine some of the more recent applications of nuclear medicine imaging techniques, particularly in the fields of neurology, cardiology, and infection/inflammation. Discussion: A review of the literature reveals that in the field of neurology nuclear medicine techniques are most widely used to investigate cognitive deficits and dementia (particularly those associated with Alzheimer disease), epilepsy, and movement disorders. In cardiology, SPECT and PET also play important roles in the work-up of patients with coronary artery disease, providing accurate information on the state of the myocardium (perfusion, metabolism, and innervation). White blood cell scintigraphy and FDG-PET are widely used to investigate many infectious/inflammatory processes. In each of these areas, the review discusses the use of recently developed radiopharmaceuticals, the growth of tomographic nuclear medicine techniques, and the ways in which these advances are improving molecular imaging of biologic processes at the cellular level.

scholarly journals Radiochemistry: A Useful Tool in the Ophthalmic Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna R. Pulagam ◽  
Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo ◽  
Jordi Llop ◽  
Luka Rejc
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Ophthalmic Drugs ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) are ultra-sensitive, fully translational and minimally invasive nuclear imaging techniques capable of tracing the spatiotemporal distribution of positron (PET) or gamma (SPECT) emitter-labeled molecules after administration into a living organism. Besides their impact in the clinical diagnostic, PET and SPECT are playing an increasing role in the process of drug development, both during the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of new chemical entities as well as in the proof of concept, proof of mechanism and proof of efficacy studies. However, they have been scarcely applied in the context of ophthalmic drugs. In this paper, the basics of nuclear imaging and radiochemistry are briefly discussed, and the few examples of the use of these imaging modalities in ophthalmic drug development reported in the literature are presented and discussed. Finally, in a purely theoretical exercise, some labeling strategies that could be applied to the preparation of selected ophthalmic drugs are proposed and potential applications of nuclear imaging in ophthalmology are projected.

Nuclear imaging

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Stefan Möhlenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Perfusion Defects ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Function

Myocardial perfusion imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) by means of scintigraphy is an established non-invasive method for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) and improving risk stratification in symptomatic individuals. Data on its diagnostic and prognostic role and value in athletes are sparse. Possibly in part due to exercise-induced improved myocardial microvascular morphology and function, a mismatch between advanced coronary atherosclerosis burden and comparatively small myocardial perfusion defects has been reported in athletes. Because of radiation exposure and the costs of the test a careful risk–benefit assessment is necessary, particularly in asymptomatic athletes with risk factors and young athletes.

Neuroimaging Promises and Caveats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison C. Nugent ◽  
Maura L. Furey
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Neuroscience research has clearly demonstrated neurological correlates of psychological disorders. We believe that neuroscience, particularly neuroimaging, has great potential to increase our understanding of these disorders, leading to more effective treatments, prevention, and perhaps even cure. Nevertheless, the popular media is replete with misinformation and exaggerated claims. The present chapter is intended to give the reader the necessary knowledge to critically evaluate neuroimaging studies of psychological disorders. We provide an overview of all the major neuroimaging techniques, example studies relevant to psychological disorders (with a particular emphasis on depression), particular pitfalls and caveats associated with each technique, and the promise of each technique. We first cover the nuclear imaging techniques, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). We then explore several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, both structural and functional. Finally, we give an overview of the electrophysiological techniques, electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Each of these techniques has particular strengths, and particular weaknesses. At this point, none of these tools are diagnostic, but each one provides a unique window into psychological disorders. When applied in a methodologically rigorous and statistically rigorous manner, neuroimaging has great promise for achieving greater understanding of psychological disorders, and relieving the great burdens they cause.

scholarly journals Novel Imaging Techniques for Heart Failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep L Melero-Ferrer ◽  
Raquel López-Vilella ◽  
Herminio Morillas-Climent ◽  
Jorge Sanz-Sánchez ◽  
Ignacio J Sánchez-Lázaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Positron Emission

Imaging techniques play a main role in heart failure (HF) diagnosis, assessment of aetiology and treatment guidance. Echocardiography is the method of choice for its availability, cost and it provides most of the information required for the management and follow up of HF patients. Other non-invasive cardiac imaging modalities, such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), nuclear imaging-positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) could provide additional aetiological, prognostic and therapeutic information, especially in selected populations. This article reviews current indications and possible future applications of imaging modalities to improve the management of HF patients.

Basic principles and technological state of the art: SPECT

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 573-577
Author(s):  
Alessia Gimelli ◽  
Riccardo Liga
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Invasive Evaluation

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) photons as a medical imaging technique detects the radiation emitted by radioisotopes injected into the body to provide in vivo measurements of regional tissue function. From its introduction in the cardiologic clinical field, nuclear imaging has classically represented the reference technique for the non-invasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion, becoming the most frequently performed imaging modality for the functional assessment of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Radioligands for imaging myocardial α- and β-adrenoceptors

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schäfers ◽  
M. P. Law ◽  
T. Wichter ◽  
O. Schober ◽  
B. Riemann
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cardiac Adrenoceptors

SummaryAlpha- and beta-adrenoceptors play an important role in the control of heart function. According to their molecular, biological, and pharmacological characteristics, they are subdivided into α1-, α2- and β1-, β2-, β3-, β4-adrenoceptors. In cardiac disease, there is often a selective downregulation of β1-adrenoceptors associated with a relative increase in β2- and α1-adrenoceptors. Functional imaging techniques like single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide the unique capability for non-invasive assessment of cardiac adrenoceptors. Radioligands with high specific binding to cardiac α- and β-adrenoceptors suitable for radiolabelling are required for clinical studies. The non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist [11C]CGP-12177 was used to quantify β-adrenoceptor density using PET in patients with heart disease. New non-selective ligands (e. g. [11C]CGP-12388, [18F]CGP-12388, [11C]carazolol and [18F]fluorocarazolol) are currently evaluated; β1-selective radioligands (e. g. [11C]CGP-26505, [11C]bisoprolol, [11C]HX-CH 44) and β2-selective radioligands (e. g. [11C]formoterol, [11C]ICI-118551) were assessed in animals. None of them turned out as suitable for cardiac PET.Potential radioligands for imaging cardiac α1-adrenoceptors are based on prazosin. Whereas [11C]prazosin shows low specific binding to myocardium, its derivative [11C]GB67 looks more promising. The putative α2-adrenoceptor radioligand [11C]MK-912 shows high uptake in rodent myocardium but has not yet been evaluated in man.A number of radioligands were evaluated for assessing cardiac adrenoceptors using PET. New radioligands are needed to provide more insight into cardiac pathophysiology which may influence the therapeutic management of patients with cardiovascular disease.

Basic principles and technological state of the art: hybrid imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny R. Buechel ◽  
Aju P. Pazhenkottil
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion Studies

The core principle of hybrid imaging is based on the fact that it provides information beyond that achievable with either data set alone. This is attained through the combination and fusion of two datasets by which both modalities synergistically contribute to image information. Hybrid imaging is, thus, more powerful than the sum of its parts, yielding improved sensitivity and specificity. While datasets for integration may be obtained by a variety of imaging modalities, its merits are intuitively best exploited when combining anatomical and functional imaging, particularly in the setting of evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) as this combination allows a comprehensive assessment with regard to presence or absence of coronary atherosclerosis, the extent and severity of coronary plaques, and the haemodynamic relevance of stenosis. In clinical practice, the combination of CT coronary angiography (CCTA) with myocardial perfusion studies obtained by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and by positron emission tomography (PET) has been well established. Recent literature also reports on the feasibility of combining CCTA with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, recent advances in CCTA and SPECT imaging have led to a substantial reduction of radiation exposure, now allowing for comprehensive morphological and functional diagnostic work-up by cardiac hybrid SPECT/CCTA imaging at low radiation dose exposures ranging below 5 mSv.

scholarly journals Nuclear Imaging of Glucose Metabolism: Beyond 18F-FDG

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Feng ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jing Cui ◽  
Tang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

Glucose homeostasis plays a key role in numerous fundamental aspects of life, and its dysregulation is associated with many important diseases such as cancer. The atypical glucose metabolic phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and serves as a promising target for tumor specific imaging. At present, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-glucose (18F-FDG)-based positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) represented the state-of-the-art radionuclide imaging technique for this purpose. The powerful impact of 18F-FDG has prompted intensive research efforts into other glucose-based radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Currently, glucose and its analogues have been labeled with various radionuclides such as 99mTc, 111In, 18F, 68Ga, and 64Cu and have been successfully investigated for tumor metabolic imaging in many preclinical studies. Moreover, 99mTc-ECDG has advanced into its early clinical trials and brings a new era of tumor imaging beyond 18F-FDG. In this review, preclinical and early clinical development of glucose-based radiopharmaceuticals for tumor metabolic imaging will be summarized.

scholarly journals Cardiac metabolic imaging: current imaging modalities and future perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tineke van de Weijer ◽  
Elisabeth H. M. Paiman ◽  
Hildo J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Substrate Uptake ◽  
Future Perspectives

In this review, current imaging techniques and their future perspectives in the field of cardiac metabolic imaging in humans are discussed. This includes a range of noninvasive imaging techniques, allowing a detailed investigation of cardiac metabolism in health and disease. The main imaging modalities discussed are magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques for determination of metabolite content (triglycerides, glucose, ATP, phosphocreatine, and so on), MRI for myocardial perfusion, and single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography for quantitation of perfusion and substrate uptake.

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