Bipolar illness

2019 ◽  
pp. 315-360
Author(s):  
David Semple ◽  
Roger Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Bipolar Illness ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Depressive Episodes

This chapter covers bipolar illness. Definitions of mania and a manic episode are defined, as well as hypomania and hypomanic episodes. Bipolar spectrum disorder and different forms of bipolar disorder are classified, clinical presentations and notes described, and management principles discussed. Treatment of acute manic episodes and depressive episodes are covered, including prophylaxis and psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions (lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine).

Bipolar illness

2013 ◽  
pp. 301-350
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Illness ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Hypomanic Episode ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Introduction Historical perspective Mania/manic episode Hypomania/hypomanic episode Bipolar spectrum disorder Bipolar (affective) disorder 1: classification Bipolar (affective) disorder 2: clinical notes Bipolar (affective) disorder 3: aetiology Bipolar (affective) disorder 4: management principles Other issues affecting management decisions Treatment of acute manic episodes Treatment of depressive episodes...

scholarly journals Aggression Protects Against the Onset of Major Depressive Episodes in Individuals With Bipolar Spectrum Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy H. Ng ◽  
Rachel D. Freed ◽  
Madison K. Titone ◽  
Jonathan P. Stange ◽  
Rachel B. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Chart Review

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Mary Ann McDonnell ◽  
Janet Wozniak ◽  
Thomas Spencer ◽  
Megan Aleardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Global Impression ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Clinical Global Impression Improvement

ABSTRACTBackgroundPediatric bipolar diorder is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder asociated with high levels of morbidity and disabilty.ObjectiveThis is a systematic chart review of all outpatient youth with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorder treated with aripiprazole either alone or as add-on to ongoing treatments.MethodMedical records were reviewed to identify all subjects with bipolar and bipolar spectrum disorder prescribed aripiprazole in our clinic. During the chart review, the Clinical Global Impression scale was completed by the treating clinicians to determine usefullness.ResultsForty-one youths (mean age±SD: 11.4±3.5 years) with bipolar spectrum disorder who had been treated with aripiprazole were identified. These children received a mean daily dose of aripiprazole 16.0±7.9 mg over an average of 4.6 months. Using a Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale score of <2 (very much/much improved) to define robust improvement, 71% showed improvement in manic symptoms. Treatment with aripiprazole was well tolerated.ConclusionThis study suggests that aripiprazole may be a useful and well-tolerated treatment for youth with bipolar disorder and it supports the need for controlled clinical trials of this compound in juvenile mania.

scholarly journals Mother-to-Infant Bonding in Women With a Bipolar Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe G. B. M. Boekhorst ◽  
Annemerle Beerthuizen ◽  
Manon Hillegers ◽  
Victor J. M. Pop ◽  
Veerle Bergink
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Purpose: Offspring of mothers with a bipolar disorder are at high-risk for impaired developmental outcomes and psychopathology (e. g., mood, anxiety, sleep disorders) later in life. This increased risk of psychopathology is not only because of genetic vulnerability, but environmental factors may play an important role as well. The often long and debilitating mood episodes of mothers with bipolar disorder might hamper their qualities as a caregiver and may impact the child. We examined early mother-to-infant bonding 1 year postpartum in mothers with bipolar spectrum disorder as compared to mothers of the general population. The association between mother-to-infant bonding and the type of bipolar spectrum diagnosis (bipolar I, bipolar II, bipolar Not Otherwise Specified) as well as relapse within 12 months postpartum was also assessed.Methods: In total, 75 pregnant women with a bipolar spectrum disorder participated in the current study. The participants were included in a longitudinal cohort study of women with bipolar spectrum disorder and were prospectively followed from pregnancy until 1 year postpartum. Mother-to-infant bonding was assessed using the Pre- and Postnatal Bonding Scale. A longitudinal population-based cohort of 1,419 pregnant women served as the control group. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between bipolar spectrum disorder and mother-to-infant bonding scores, controlling for several confounders.Results: Women with bipolar spectrum disorder perceived the bonding with their child as less positive compared to the control group. The type of bipolar spectrum disorder was not associated with poorer bonding scores. Relapse during the 1st year after delivery also did not affect bonding scores in women with bipolar spectrum disorder.Conclusions: Our findings could imply that women with bipolar spectrum disorder are more vulnerable to impairments in bonding due to the nature of their psychopathology, regardless of the occurrence of postpartum relapse. Careful follow-up including monitoring of mother-to-infant bonding of pregnant women with a history of bipolar spectrum disorder should be a standard to this vulnerable group of women. In addition, regardless of severity and mood episode relapse, an intervention to improve bonding could be beneficial for all mothers with bipolar spectrum disorder and their newborns.

Fecundity and bipolar spectrum disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S342-S343
Author(s):  
J. Vieira ◽  
M. Salta ◽  
B. Barata ◽  
J. Nogueira ◽  
R. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionFertility and fecundity are usually considered signs of social and emotional well-being. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a prevalent psychiatric disease that influences the individual's life style and behaviours. Some studies have addressed the issue of fecundity among women with bipolar disorder but few have focused on determining the differences between disease subtypes, which is expected, taking into account the studied differences in demographic measures.ObjectivesTo examine the fecundity of a population of women with bipolar disorder.AimThe aim of this study is to compare the fecundity among women diagnosed with subtypes I to IV of BD, according to Akiskal's bipolar spectrum disorder classification.MethodsA total of 108 female outpatients were divided into four groups. We analyzed number of offspring and demographic features between patients with different subtypes of BD using multivariate analyses.ResultsOur results showed a significantly higher average number of children for BD IV patients when compared with BD I patients. Although not reaching statistical significance, BD I patients had less offspring than BD II and BD III patients. BD I patients had lower marriage rates compared to the other groups.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the subtype of bipolar disorder influences fecundity and behaviours, as is expressed by the lower number of marriages seen in BD I patients. We found that fecundity is significantly impaired among BD I patients, which may imply that female with more severe disorders are less likely to become parents. Fecundity is higher among BD IV patients, which makes a way to speculate about the adaptive role of hyperthimic temperamental traits.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals “Cade's Disease” and Beyond: Misdiagnosis, Antidepressant Use, and a Proposed Definition for Bipolar Spectrum Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nassir Ghaemi ◽  
James Y Ko ◽  
Fred er ick K Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Bipolar Illness ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Antidepressant Use

The diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) has been in con sis tent and frequently mis under stood in re cent years. To identify the causes of this problem and suggest possible solutions, we under took a critical review of studies concerning the nosology of BD and the effects of antidepressant agents. Both the under diagnosis of BD and its frequent mis diagnosis as unipolar major depressive dis order (MDD) appear to be problems in patients with BD. Under diagnosis results from clinicians' in adequate under standing of manic symptoms, from patients' im paired in sight into mania, and especially from failure to involve family members or third parties in the di agnostic process. Some, but by no means all, of the under diagnosis problem may also result from lack of agreement about the breadth of the bipolar spectrum, beyond classic type I manic-depressive illness (what Ketter has termed “Cade's Dis ease”). To alleviate confusion about the less classic varieties of bipolar illness, we propose a heuristic definition, “bipolar spectrum disorder.” This diagnosis would give greater weight to family history and antidepressant-induced manic symptoms and would apply to non-type I or II bipolar illness, in which depressive symptom, course, and treatment response character is tics are more typical of bipolar than unipolar illness. The role of antidepressants is also controversial. Our review of the evidence leads us to conclude that there should be less emphasis on using antidepressants to treat per sons with this illness.

scholarly journals ANK3 gene expression in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine Verena Wirgenes ◽  
Martin Tesli ◽  
Elin Inderhaug ◽  
Lavinia Athanasiu ◽  
Ingrid Agartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

SummaryANK3 gene variants have consistently been associated with bipolar spectrum disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder. However, the relevance of its encoded protein, ankyrin-3, in these disorders remains elusive. Here, we show that ANK3 gene expression in blood is significantly increased in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. Additionally, we identified potential cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci located close to the transcription start site of one of the isoforms of the gene. These findings suggest that ANK3 mRNA is an interesting marker for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms in psychotic disorders.

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