Obstetrics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-103
Author(s):  
Charlotte Goumalatsou
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Obstetric Emergencies ◽  
In Pregnancy

This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties describes the obstetrics specialty, including antenatal care and screening. Medical conditions in pregnancy are investigated, including hyperemesis gravidarum, sickle-cell disease, cardiac disease, psychiatry, epilepsy, anaemia, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, jaundice, malaria, renal disease, respiratory disease, connective tissue disease, hypertension, thromboprophylaxis, thrombophilia, and venous thromboembolism. Antenatal problems are explored, leading on to a discussion of labour and delivery, postnatal care, and obstetric emergencies.

Chronic Kidney Disease in Cameroon: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Brown Aseneh ◽  
Ben-Lawrence A. Kemah ◽  
Stephane Mabouna ◽  
Njang Mbeng Emmanuel ◽  
Domin Sone Majunda Ekane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract ObjectivesThis scoping review sought to summarize available data on the prevalence, associated factors, etiology, comorbidities, treatment, cost, and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Cameroon.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus and African Journals Online from database inception to 31 March, 2020 to identify all studies published on the prevalence, associated factors, etiology, comorbidities, treatment, cost and mortality of CKD in Cameroon.ResultsThirty studies were included. The population prevalence of CKD varied from 3-14.1% and 10.0%-14.2% in rural and urban areas, respectively. The prevalence of CKD in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and human immunodeficiency virus was 12.4-50.0%, 18.5%, and 3.0-47.2%, respectively. Hypertension (22.3-59.1%), chronic glomerulonephritis (15.8-56.2%), and diabetes mellitus (15.8-56.2%) were the most common causes of CKD. The cause was unknown in 13.5-17.0% of the cases. Advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity were frequent associated factors. Hemodialysis was the main treatment modality in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The monthly cost of management of non-dialyzed CKD was 163 US dollars. The one-year mortality rate of ESRD was 26.8-38.6%.ConclusionChronic kidney disease in affects about one in ten adults in the general population in Cameroon Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and human immunodeficiency virus bear the greatest burden of CKD in Cameroon. Advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are major factors associated with CKD. Chronic kidney disease in Cameroon is associated with high morbidity and mortality and huge economic cost on the patient.

Differences by Sex in Cardiovascular Comorbid Conditions Among Older Adults (Aged 50–64 or ≥65 Years) Receiving Care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2091-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L Frazier ◽  
Madeline Y Sutton ◽  
Yunfeng Tie ◽  
Jennifer Fagan ◽  
Robyn Neblett Fanfair
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
High Total Cholesterol ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Medical Monitoring Project

Abstract Background Differences by sex in cardiovascular comorbid conditions among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected persons aged 50–64 years have been understudied; even fewer data are available for persons aged ≥65 years. Methods We used matched interview and medical record abstraction data from the 2009–2012 data cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project, a nationally representative sample of HIV-infected adults in care. We included men and women aged 50–64 and ≥65 years at time of interview. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates and used logistic regression to compute adjusted prevalence differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assessing sex differences in various characteristics and cardiovascular comorbid conditions. Comorbid conditions included overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25), abnormal total cholesterol level (defined as ≥200 mg/dL), diagnosed diabetes mellitus, or diagnosed hypertension. Results Of 7436 participants, 89.5% were aged 50–64 years and 10.4% aged ≥65 years, 75.1% were men, 40.4% (95% CI, 33.5%–47.2%) were non-Hispanic black, 72.0% (70.4%–73.6%) had HIV infection diagnosed ≥10 years earlier. After adjustment for sociodemographic and behavioral factors, women aged 50–64 years were more likely than men to be obese (adjusted prevalence difference, 8.4; 95% CI, 4.4–12.3), have hypertension (3.9; .1–7.6), or have high total cholesterol levels (9.9; 6.2–13.6). Women aged ≥65 years had higher prevalences of diabetes mellitus and high total cholesterol levels than men. Conclusions Cardiovascular comorbid conditions were prevalent among older HIV-infected persons in care; disparities existed by sex. Closer monitoring and risk-reduction strategies for cardiovascular comorbid conditions are warranted for older HIV-infected persons, especially older women.

Hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus drugs in pregnancy: Findings from the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Brown ◽  
Elizabeth C. Verna ◽  
Marcus R. Pereira ◽  
Hugh H. Tilson ◽  
Christopher Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drugs ◽  
Pregnancy Registry ◽  
In Pregnancy
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