Analgesia, anaesthesia, and sedation

2020 ◽  
pp. 623-645
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Intravenous Sedation ◽  
Local Analgesia ◽  
Reversal Agents

This chapter summarizes the different techniques available for analgesia, anaesthesia, and sedation in dentistry. This includes the use of benzodiazepines while highlighting the indications and contraindications for each technique and approach. The varying methods of administration of local analgesia are outlined, with information on the commonly used preparations and techniques. The use of both oral and intravenous sedation is discussed, including important points on drug interactions and reversal agents. This chapter considers the triad of unconsciousness, muscle relaxation, and analgesia that makes up general anaesthesia and details the drugs used to achieve this in a hospital setting.

scholarly journals Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brighton Dzikiti
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Inhalation Anaesthetic ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthetic ◽  
Balanced Anaesthesia

Intravenous anaesthesia is gradually becoming popular in veterinary practice. Traditionally, general anaesthesia is induced with intravenous drugs and then maintained with inhalation agents. Inhalation anaesthetic agents cause more significant dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression than intravenous anaesthetic drugs, creating a need to use less of the inhalation anaesthetic agents for maintenance of general anaesthesia by supplementing with intravenous anaesthesia drugs. Better still, if anaesthesia is maintained completely with intravenous anaesthetic drugs, autonomic functions remain more stable intra-operatively. Patient recovery from anaesthesia is smoother and there is less pollution of the working environment than happens with inhalation anaesthetic agents. Recently, a number of drugs with profiles (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic) suitable for prolonged intravenous anaesthesia have been studied, mostly in humans and, to a certain extent, in dogs and horses. There is currently very little scientific information on total intravenous anaesthesia in goats, although, in the past few years, some scholarly scientific articles on drugs suitable for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats have been published. This review article explored the information available on drugs that have been assessed for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats, with the aim of promoting incorporation of these drugs into total intravenous anaesthesia protocols in clinical practice. That way, balanced anaesthesia, a technique in which drugs are included in anaesthetic protocols for specific desired effects (hypnosis, analgesia, muscle relaxation, autonomic stabilisation) may be utilised in improving the welfare of goats undergoing general anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Safe Circumcision Anaesthesia – A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Akhter Hossain Loban ◽  
Md Shahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Local Analgesia ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
The Media ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Type Of Anaesthesia ◽  
Minor Procedure ◽  
Selection Of

Circumcision of Neonate, Infant, Children as well as adult is done for many purposes of them religious, disease process and to prevent some diseases. Pain is the main problem of circumcision. Infant and Children will not allow local analgesia. General anaesthesia needed for them. Neonate and adult may allow local anaesthesia. So, local anaesthesia, general anaesthesia, combination of local and general anaesthesia can be given. It is a minor procedure but anaesthesia for circumcision is not easy and should not be taken lightly. Complications related to circumcision anaesthesia can be minimized by proper selection of patient and type of anaesthesia. In our country circumcision done for religious purpose so a large number of circumcisions done by professional hazzam (non doctor). Doctors including general practitioners and surgeons are also doing this procedure. Complications related to anaesthesia are mainly laryngospasm and hypoxia and ultimately cardiac and cerebral complications. Some of them are highlighted in the media and newspapers but unknown cases are not less. If we can prevent and manage the complications like laryngospasm then this procedure can be done safely. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v26i1.19817 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2013; 26(1): 52-53

DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS: A COMPARISON OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY, ERRORS IN THEIR APPLICATION, AND THE USAGE OF REVERSAL AGENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
V. V Tarasov ◽  
Vladimir N. Chubarev ◽  
E. S Zykova ◽  
A. S Belosludtsev ◽  
E. G Mokshanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Reversal Agents ◽  
Dosage Regimens ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

This review is devoted to updating the existing knowledge about pharmacology of the drugs from the group of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Special attention is paid to comparison of the anticoagulant properties of DOACs with traditional (indirect) anticoagulants at various dosage regimens and to study drug interactions of DOACs with drugs from different pharmacological groups. Widely analyzed the side effects associated with errors in the application of DOACs and provided recommendations for their correction, including the using of reversal agents therapy. Based on this, the presented article will be useful to clinicians to familiarize themselves with modern medical strategies based on the use of drugs from the DOACs group for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with increased blood clotting ability and using of DOACs specific antagonists for treatment overdose of DOACs.

scholarly journals Anaesthesia of a Patient Allergic to Multiple-Anaesthesia Drugs: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Estebe JP ◽  
Saleh O ◽  
Bensalah K ◽  
Khene ZE ◽  
Rochefort-Morel C ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Deep Sedation ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Robot Assisted Surgery

Anaesthesia of multiple drug allergic patients may be very challenging. Especially with a patient showing allergic signs for multiple main anaesthesia drugs and scheduled for laparoscopic robot-assisted surgery. We report the case of a 65-year-old man. The systemic allergic screenings concluded with rocuronium, atracurium, cisatracurium, propofol, chlorhexidine, latex and betalactamine contraindications. Sufentanil to be used with extreme precautions. General anaesthesia was performed with an OFA protocol. Muscle relaxation was obtained by deep sedation. A close collaboration with the surgeons made it possible to carry out the procedure with a perfect control of the postoperative pain.

Evaluation of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions With Direct Oral Anticoagulants in a Large Urban Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonsun Mo ◽  
Ayse Karakas-Torgut ◽  
Antony Q. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Combined Use

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess patterns of potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in an inpatient hospital setting. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center (BUHMC) from January 2014 to November 2016. All adult patients admitted to the BUHMC who were treated with a DOAC for at least 3 days were screened. Among them, those who received selected interacting drugs at any time during the course of DOAC therapy were included in this study. Results: This study included 165 patients with an average of 73 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.3) and 233 cases. The most commonly used concomitant drug with a DOAC was aspirin (58%), followed by amiodarone (16%) and P2Y12 inhibitors (11%). The combined use of dual antiplatelet therapy and a DOAC was identified in 18 (6%) cases. Approximately one-third of the cases encountered were classified as the “avoidance” category. Conclusions: Despite computerized DDI alerts, potentially significant DDIs with DOACs still occur. While the present study provides insight into the current patterns of DDIs, further studies are needed to evaluate clinical outcomes of the potential DDIs with DOACs in practice.

scholarly journals Profile of studies of potential drug interactions in Brazilian hospitals: an integrative review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Tiemi Yamagata ◽  
Roberto Mauro Coelho Barcelos Júnior ◽  
Dayani Galato ◽  
Micheline Marie Milward De Azevedo Meiners ◽  
Emília Vitória Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Futures Research ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Publication Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Patient Studies

The risk of drug interaction (DI), especially in the hospital setting, increases along with the number of drugs used by the patient. Studies that evaluate drug interactions based on patient prescriptions are therefore useful to know this risk and guide strategies to improve drug use. The present study is aimed to identify studies that evaluated DI in patients of Brazilian hospitals. As of bibliographic search in several databases, we collected articles describing prescribing evaluations which focused on the analysis and identification of drug interactions in Brazilian hospitals. The search was conducted in 2017 and there was no restriction of publication time. Of a total of 273 articles retrieved, 23 were included for analysis. Most was published after 2010, and the predominant design was cross-sectional studies. The Micromedex® database was the most used to categorize the interactions, and midazolam and fentanyl was the most commonly reported potential DI in the studies. The results may guide futures research which should assess the real harm of IMP in patients and, then, promote the rational use of drugs.

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