An evaluation of the evidence submitted to Australian alcohol advertising policy consultations

Background Industry self-regulation is the dominant approach to managing alcohol advertising in Australia and many other countries. There is a need to explore the barriers to government adoption of more effective regulatory approaches. This study examined relevance and quality features of evidence cited by industry and non-industry actors in their submissions to Australian alcohol advertising policy consultations. Methods Submissions to two public consultations with a primary focus on alcohol advertising policy were analysed. Submissions (n = 71) were classified into their actor type (industry or non-industry) and according to their expressed support for, or opposition to, increased regulation of alcohol advertising. Details of cited evidence were extracted and coded against a framework adapted from previous research (primary codes: subject matter relevance, type of publication, time since publication, and independence from industry). Evidence was also classified as featuring indicators of higher quality if it was either published in a peer-reviewed journal or academic source, published within 10 years of the consultation, and/or had no apparent industry connection. Results Almost two-thirds of submissions were from industry actors (n = 45 submissions from alcohol, advertising, or sporting industries). With few exceptions, industry actor submissions opposed increased regulation of alcohol advertising and non-industry actor submissions supported increased regulation. Industry actors cited substantially less evidence than non-industry actors, both per submission and in total. Only 27% of evidence cited by industry actors was highly relevant and featured at least two indicators of higher quality compared to 58% of evidence cited by non-industry actors. Conclusions Evaluation of the value of the evidentiary contribution of industry actors to consultations on alcohol advertising policy appears to be limited. Modifications to consultation processes, such as exclusion of industry actors, quality requirements for submitted evidence, minimum standards for referencing evidence, and requirements to declare potential conflicts, may improve the public health outcomes of policy consultations.

How to Improve Customer Engagement in Social Networks: A Study of Spanish Brands in the Automotive Industry

The objective of this research is to identify to what extent volumes, components, time slots, and publication topics improve customer engagement with Spanish automotive brands through social networks. The study considers thirteen brands and the total number of publications created by them in 2020 (23,670 publications) on the social network Twitter. Applying machine learning algorithms followed by multiple linear regression techniques, the authors examine how the variables previously mentioned affect a customer engagement indicator developed for this purpose. The results reveal that while publication components (links, mentions, and hashtags) and the publication time slot do not affect customer engagement, the volume of retweets made by the brand and publications on customer experience topics (without a direct commercial purpose) significantly improve the customer engagement indicator. The authors conclude that customer engagement in social networks can only be improved by conducting exhaustive analyses of activity data for these platforms. However, such analyses must not be done via generic multisector analyses, which only generate superficial and inapplicable knowledge, but rather through detailed studies for each sector.

Editorial: 2021, a new decade starts

We have just celebrated ten years of open access public archaeology, and now we carry on with our venture. Volume 11 brings with it a new layout and format, as well as a new timing for publication. Since our inclusion in Scopus, improving quality goes in hand with the improvement of publication time. This is why, from now on (although this year is still a transitional period), volumes will open in January and close in October, with articles being published when they are ready. We are also starting a new section for shorter articles, aimed at the reporting of projects or ideas with a more formal format than our section Points of You, which will continue to retain its op-ed style. Of course, the philosophy does not change. We want to continue to be an opportunity of wider accessibility for authors and readers, and to continue exploring the physical and thematic frontiers of the discipline.

Article numbers as a leading indicator of publication time

Aims: in health professions education (HPE), the use of statistics is commonly associated with somewhat larger samples, whereas smaller samples or single subjects (i.e., N = 1) are usually labelled as needing some kind of ‘qualitative’ approach. However, statistical methods can be very useful in small samples and for individual subjects as well, especially where we have time series of repeated measurements of the same outcome variable(s) of interest. The aim of this article is twofold: to demonstrate an example of a cross-correlation function for single subjects in a HPE context and to suggest a few settings in HPE where this cross-correlation function can be of use.Method: the example uses data from a recent Open Access publication on among others article numbers and publication time in a number of major HPE journals to examine the relation between the number of articles published and median publication time over time in the zero-cost Open-Source statistical program R version 4.0.5.Results: as to be expected, the number of articles published appears somewhat of a leading indicator of publication time: both number of articles in year ‘y’ and number of articles in year ‘y minus 1’ correlate > 0.6 with median publication time in year ‘y’, while correlations of other time differences (e.g., number of articles in year ‘y minus 2’ and median publication time in year ‘y’, or median publication time in year ‘y’ and number of articles in year ‘y plus 1’) are substantially smaller.Conclusion: in line with recent literature, this article demonstrates that the cross-correlation function can be used in the context of small samples and single subjects. While the example focusses on article numbers and publication times, it can equally be applied in for example studying relations between knowledge, skills and attitude in individuals, or relations between behaviors of individuals working in pairs or small groups.

Conduta Clínica Frente a Comunicação Oro-Antral: Uma Revisão de Literatura / Clinical Conduct Facing Oroantral Communication: A Literature Review

Resumo: Inúmeras complicações podem ocorrer durante procedimentos cirúrgicos odontológicos, sendo a comunicação oro-antral uma das mais abordadas na literatura. Esta condição é resultante, principalmente, em exodontias de elementos dentários superiores posteriores, visto sua proximidade com o seio maxilar. O seu diagnóstico é feito basicamente por meio da manobra de Valsalva e análise do fragmento, contudo exames complementares podem evidenciar essa condição. A literatura considera, também, que a conduta de tratamento pode ser bastante diversificada. Objetivo: Apresentar por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, as possibilidades técnicas de condutas clínicas para casos de comunicação oro-antral. Metodologia: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi online, com inclusão de artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados nos últimos 10 anos, exceto àqueles fundamentais a respeito do tema, com tempo maior de publicação. Foram excluídos, também, cartas ao editor e editoriais. Foi, então, confeccionada uma análise descritiva dos artigos e os dados foram organizados de forma a subsidiar os profissionais da odontologia a intervir de forma segura diante desta complicação. Considerações finais: A comunicação oro-antral é uma realidade que pode ocorrer no consultório odontológico. Suas consequências são bastante variadas, cabendo ao Cirurgião-Dentista, além de evitar e diagnosticar, saber intervir quando necessário de forma eficaz. Haja vista que suas complicações podem limitar a qualidade de vida do paciente. Palavras-chave: Seio maxilar; Cirurgia bucal; Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais. Abstract: Numerous complications can occur during dental surgical procedures, and oroantral communication is one of the most discussed in literature. That condition results mainly from extractions of posterior superior dental elements, given its proximity to the maxillary sinus. Its diagnosis is basically made through the Valsalva maneuver and analysis of fragment, however complementary exams can demonstrate that condition. The literature also considers the treatment approach can be quite diversified. Objective: Topresent, through a narrative review of literature, technical possibilities of clinical approaches for cases of oroantral communication. Methodology: The bibliographic research was online, including articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published in the last 10 years, except for those fundamental on the topic, with longer publication time. Letters to editor and editorials were also excluded. A descriptive analysis of articles was then carried out and the data were organized in order to support dentistry professionals to intervene safely in face of that complication. Final Considerations: Oroantral communication is a reality that can occur in the dental office. Its consequences are quite varied, and it is up to the dental surgeon, in addition to avoiding and diagnosing, to know how to intervene effectively when necessary, given that its complications may limit the patient's quality of life. Keywords: Maxillary sinus; Oral surgery; Oral Surgical Procedures.

Trade-off between urgency and reduced editorial capacity affect publication speed in ecological and medical journals during 2020

While the speed of publication in academic journals has decreased over time, delays in the review process can still cause frustration and damage the authors’ career. During the COVID-19 lockdown, scientists struggled to manage tasks and academic journals announced possible publication delays due to reduced editorial capacity. In this context, COVID-19 research has been somewhat paradoxical, due to societal and editorial pressures for fast publication. We hypothesised that given the urgency of disseminating pandemic-related information, articles on the topic would be published as a priority in 2020. We analysed the submission-to-publication time lag for 5790 articles published between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020 in eight ecology and eight medical journals. We also analysed patterns in the gender of first and last authors. All 16 journals were international, with relatively high impact factor (between 2.34 and 36.13) and partially or fully open access. Even though articles in general took longer to get published, the speed of publication increased in 2020, as the faster review of 419 COVID-19 articles compensated for the longer submission-to-publication time lag of non-COVID-19 publications. Manuscripts in journals with a higher impact factor and only partial open access took longer to get published during the last three years. In 2020, the ratio of articles with male and female first and last authors remained similar to that in 2019, maintaining the gender bias in scientific productivity. Female scientists, especially when they are providing maternity and other primary care, need more support for their careers, such as relief from teaching duties and adjustments on assessment criteria to access research funding. We advocate that topics besides COVID-19, particularly those that could help to solve other urgent crises, should also benefit from faster publication.

Perlindungan Terhadap Tenaga Kesehatan di Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru Selama Pandemi Covid-19

Background: The spread of the Covid-19 disease that occurred at the end of 2019 had many impacts on society, including health workers. Therefore, efforts to protect against the dangers of Covid-19 are needed in the workplace so that the safety and health of workers is guaranteed. The application of a hierarchy of hazard control is an example of a method that can be applied. Goal: To determine the application of methods of protecting health workers in the adaptation period for new habits during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: The making of a Literature Review was carried out with a literature review with a descriptive approach based on relevant research articles or journals. Search scientific literature on PubMed electronic database using the keyword "(" Covid-19 ") AND (" HCW "OR" Healthcare Worker ") AND (" Protection "). The inclusion criteria used were articles with a publication time span from March to September 2020, articles in Indonesian and English which were full text. The exclusion criteria used were articles that were not related to the theme of the literature review. Result: Based on the 9 reviewed literature, it was found that the protection measures currently implemented in each workplace were still in the less optimal category, this was because there were still many problems, one of which was the insufficient availability of PPE. The problem of lack of availability of PPE is a problem that must be resolved, so that health workers can work safely and comfortably. Conclusion: Workforce protection efforts mostly lead to the use of PPE, but from several studies that the availability of PPE is still a major problem in maximizing protection efforts from the dangers of Covid-19.

Newspaper "Kavkazskie obyavleniya in the History of the Tiflis Press

Based on the archival documents of the censorship committee, this article studies the factors that influenced the functioning and determined the suspension of the activities of the newspaper “Kavkazskie obyavleniya” (“Caucasian Advertisements”), as well as the policy and some characteristics of the newspaper.The development of advertising and reference newspapers in Tiflis in the second half of the 19th century had the following characteristics: discreteness, short publication time, broadening content, and frequent name change of newspapers. All newspapers of such type were published mainly in Russian, although when compiling the section of advertisements, the editorial boards, for the most part, gave preference to the principle of multilingualism. It was inherent for the vast majority of private periodicals in Tiflis.The newspaper “Kavkazskie obyavleniya” in some sense served as an accompaniment to the Tiflis newspapers and performed two functional roles: on the one hand, the newspaper work as an additional channel for the distribution of Tiflis press, on the other hand, the it accumulated advertising and reference information, and guaranteed the provision of this information to all readers of the Tiflis periodicals.In 1890, the censorship dismissed the publisher’s request to broaden the newspaper's content, and eventually this decision caused the closure of the newspaper.Despite the short period of existence, the newspaper “Kavkazskie obyavleniya” brought noticeable innovations to the advertising activities of the Tiflis periodicals: an endeavor to concentrate advertising and reference information in one information space and mutually beneficial cooperation with rival press.

Can preterm birth affect the palate morphology? A systematic review

The purpose of this review was to evaluate whether preterm birth affects palate morphology. Opened electronic search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Lilacs, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted and a partial search of the gray literature using Google Scholar, Open Gray and ProQuest. We included studies with infants born prematurely (born up to the 37th week of gestation and weighing less than 2.500 g) and not preterm infants; intubated and not intubated. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and bias risk assessment. Selection criteria included observational, retrospective and prospective, randomized or nonrandomized cohort studies and control studies. There was no restriction on publication time and article language. A total of 2344 articles were found after the duplicates were removed, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria and were submitted to a Bias Risk analysis using MASTARI. Scientific evidence was found for altered palate morphology among premature infants, and oral intubation was a contributing factor for such alterations. Based on this review, it is concluded that premature birth changes palate morphology, when prematurity is associated with the use of the orotracheal tube.

The aflatoxin B1 content of peanut-based foods in Iran: a systematic review

Backgrounds One of the common consumed snacks among Iranian is nuts. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the rate of peanut contamination with aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in different provinces of the Iran. Materials and methods The research studies with keywords “aflatoxin B1”, “peanut”, “peanut butter”, “peanut oil”, “coated peanut”, “roasted peanut”, “snack peanut” were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and scientific information databases (SID), regardless of publication time. A total of 43 studies were obtained and only six articles were finally selected according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. Margin of Exposure (MOE) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) were also calculated to evaluate the oral exposure of AfB1 through peanuts and peanut-based products. Results The contamination of AFB1 in peanut was high in Mashhad and Tehran compared with the other cities. The value of MOE was calculated less than 10,000. The results of MOE indicate that there are chances of the risk of developing cancer and these products may not be safe. Therefore, AFB1 levels should be measured regularly in peanut products in large cities.