Gun availability and gun control in suicide prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 719-724
Author(s):  
Thomas Reisch
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Firearm Suicide ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

Suicide by firearm is the most lethal method of suicide and is executed much more frequently by men than by women. In comparison with other suicide methods, pre-existing psychiatric conditions are found less often and medical comorbidities more often. Suicide by firearm is carried out impulsively, frequently following a relationship crisis. Firearm suicide is mainly found in high- and middle-income countries. There is a close correlation between the frequency of firearm ownership and the frequency of this suicide method. People living in households with a gun generally seem to be at a higher risk of suicide. Several changes of legislation that lead to a decreased availability of guns have proven to be effective. However, legislation changes regarding firearms often lead to resistance by gun lobbies. Which intervention can be successfully implemented, mostly depends on country-specific circumstances.

scholarly journals Suicide prevention in low- and middle-income countries: part perceptions, partial solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

SummarySuicide, a common cause of death in many low- and middle-income countries, has often been viewed through a medical/psychiatric lens. Such perspectives medicalise social and personal distress and suggest individual and medication-based treatments. This editorial argues for the need to examine suicide from a public health perspective and suggests the need for population-based social and economic interventions.

Suicide Prevention in the Southeast Asia Region

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S21-S29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Vijayakumar ◽  
Caroline Daly ◽  
Yasir Arafat ◽  
Ella Arensman
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Data Registration ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Abstract. This chapter provides an update on suicide and suicide prevention in the Southeast Asia Region, which covers 11 low- and middle-income countries, accounting for 26% of the world's population. More than one third (39%) of all suicides globally, occur in this region, with the highest suicide rate of 17.7 per 100,000, which is likely to be an underestimate due to differences in study populations, research methodology, and uncomprehensive data registration systems. The risk profile of people who die by suicide and the characteristics of suicides in Southeast Asia are distinctly different from other regions in many ways. In this region the male–female ratio for suicide is closer to 1, compared with 3:5 in higher-income countries, and the overall reported prevalence of mental disorders, such as depression or other psychiatric conditions, is lower. Both older people and adolescents show the highest rates of suicide. Suicide involving pesticide poisoning is the most common method used in both rural and urban areas in countries in this region. Updates are provided on national and regional suicide prevention activities in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

scholarly journals Iran's National Suicide Prevention Program

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Rezaeian ◽  
Stephen Platt ◽  
Ella Arensman
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
National Databases

Abstract. Background and Aims: Iran is one of the few countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) to have developed a national suicide prevention program (NSPP). This report introduces Iran's NSPP to policy planners and researchers working in suicide prevention, and is intended to encourage other low- and middle-income countries to develop, implement, and evaluate their own NSPPs. Method: This was a case study of a NSPP in one country, integrating quantitative and qualitative data. Bibliographic searches were conducted using both international and national databases, supplemented by other documents. The study benefited from the experiential evidence provided by the senior author. Results: While the national incidence of suicide is low, there are higher rates among young adults, particularly women, in western regions. In 2010, Iran's NSPP was integrated into primary health care. A rigorous evaluation of Iran's suicide prevention program concluded that Iran has the potential to take a leadership role in suicide prevention within the EMR, although several challenges were identified. Limitation: The findings of this case study cannot be generalized to other contexts. Conclusion: Given Iran's unstable situation, the NSPP needs to be monitored, evaluated, and adjusted according to evidence and ongoing changing national and local needs.

scholarly journals Suicide rates in Fortaleza increased 157% in ten years

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Inis Stella Lacerda Borges de Sá ◽  
Erick Fraga Rebouças ◽  
Layana Vieira Nobre ◽  
Vitor Hugo Duarte Silva ◽  
Lucas Farias de Oliveira Pessoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Female Suicide Rate ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs ◽  
Male To Female

Objective: to analyze suicide rates between 2000-2009 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Methodology: Data was obtained from Ceará’s Institute of Forensic Medicine (PEFOCE). Estimated population by year was obtained from the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: A total of 1903 suicide cases were registered in Fortaleza, between 2000 and 2009. The distribution of methods was analyzed using the variables gender, age and year. Around 80% of the cases were male, corresponding to 4.3 male to female suicide rate. The most common suicide method was hanging, followed by poisoning, firearms, and jumping from heights. Among males, hanging was the most prevalent suicide method, followed by poisoning; while in females poisoning was the most prevalent method, followed by hanging. Almost half of all suicides in the study were by hanging. Conclusions: The classification of death as suicide is subject to interpretation of the coroner. Local published literature about this problem is sparse. Understanding suicide methods may provide support to more effective suicide prevention programs.

Youth Suicide in India: A Critical Review and Implication for the National Suicide Prevention Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110451
Author(s):  
Snehil Gupta ◽  
Devendra Basera
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Significant Public Health

Youth suicide is a significant public health problem in Low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), including India. It is a distinct phenomenon with various bio-psycho-social determinants. Despite this, comprehensive literature on this topic is lacking from India. Thus, the current paper aimed to review the available literature on youth-suicide from India and other LMIC, discusses the contentious issues, including potential solutions for the possible roadblocks, and provides recommendations for the national suicide-prevention policy and strategy (NSPPS) in the Indian context. We found that the magnitude of youth suicide in India is substantial with the distinct bio-psycho-social determinants. Although, youth-specific suicide prevention and therapeutic intervention do exist; its feasibility and effectivity in the Indian context are yet to be established. The is an urgent need for the NSPPS; experiences from other LMIC should be incorporated while framing such policies. More research is required from India in this area.

Wiser Reasoning and Less Disgust Have the Potential to Better Achieve Suicide Prevention

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chao S. Hu ◽  
Jiajia Ji ◽  
Jinhao Huang ◽  
Zhe Feng ◽  
Dong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Advice Giving ◽  
Prevention Techniques

Abstract. Background: High school and university teachers need to advise students against attempting suicide, the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds. Aims: To investigate the role of reasoning and emotion in advising against suicide. Method: We conducted a study with 130 students at a university that specializes in teachers' education. Participants sat in front of a camera, videotaping their advising against suicide. Three raters scored their transcribed advice on "wise reasoning" (i.e., expert forms of reasoning: considering a variety of conditions, awareness of the limitation of one's knowledge, taking others' perspectives). Four registered psychologists experienced in suicide prevention techniques rated the transcripts on the potential for suicide prevention. Finally, using the software Facereader 7.1, we analyzed participants' micro-facial expressions during advice-giving. Results: Wiser reasoning and less disgust predicted higher potential for suicide prevention. Moreover, higher potential for suicide prevention was associated with more surprise. Limitations: The actual efficacy of suicide prevention was not assessed. Conclusion: Wise reasoning and counter-stereotypic ideas that trigger surprise probably contribute to the potential for suicide prevention. This advising paradigm may help train teachers in advising students against suicide, measuring wise reasoning, and monitoring a harmful emotional reaction, that is, disgust.

Some Conditions for Task Shifting in Low and Middle-Income Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop de Jong ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Robert Macy ◽  
Aline & Herman Ndayisaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Shifting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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