HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and associated diseases

2010 ◽  
pp. 650-653
Author(s):  
Kristien Verdonck ◽  
Eduardo Gotuzzo
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Infected People ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mother To Child

Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 and HTLV-2 belong to the genus Deltaretrovirus of the family Retroviridae. They only infect humans, produce a lifelong infection, and can be transmitted from mother to child, through sexual intercourse, and via cellular blood components. Both viruses are present in all continents. The highest HTLV-1 prevalence in the general population (10%) has been found in southern Japan. There are endemic foci of HTLV-2 among native Amerindians and Central African pygmy tribes. HTLV-2 is also frequent among injecting drug users. It is unclear why some infected people develop associated diseases while others remain asymptomatic....

HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and associated diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 941-944
Author(s):  
Kristien Verdonck ◽  
Eduardo Gotuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Leukaemia ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
The Family ◽  
African Populations ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mother To Child

Human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV)-1 and HTLV-2 belong to the genus Deltaretrovirus of the family Retroviridae. They only infect humans, produce a lifelong infection, and can be transmitted from mother to child, through sexual intercourse, and via cellular blood components and organ transplantation. Both viruses are present in all continents and have a heterogeneous distribution. HTLV-1-endemic foci (general population prevalence >1%) are found in Japan, the Caribbean, South America, Africa, and Australo-Melanesia. There are endemic foci of HTLV-2 among native Amerindians and Central African populations. HTLV-1 and 2 also occur among people who inject drugs. It is unclear why some infected people develop associated diseases while others remain asymptomatic.

scholarly journals Increase in hepatitis A cases in the Czech Republic in 2008 – an update

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cástková ◽  
C Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
General Population ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Parenteral Transmission ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

In 2008, 1,616 cases of hepatitis A were reported in the Czech Republic, more than a 10-fold increase compared with the annual number of cases registered in 2003-2007. The infection was initially associated with injecting drug users, most probably by person-to-person contact or parenteral transmission, and in the second half of the year continued to spread among the general population with increased susceptibility.

scholarly journals Poverty, bridging between injecting drug users and the general population, and “interiorization” may explain the spread of HIV in southern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana A. Hacker ◽  
Iuri Leite ◽  
Samuel R. Friedman ◽  
Renata Gracie Carrijo ◽  
Francisco I. Bastos
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Southern Brazil

scholarly journals Study on Risk Taking Behavior to HIV/AIDS Among Injecting Drug User’s in a Easter Region of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Bimala Bhatta ◽  
Sashi Dev Shah ◽  
Nabaraj Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Drug abuse is the Universal Problem and Nepal is not the exception. Different study and report have reported high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the IDUs in Nepal. According to the estimated data, there are eighty thousands drug addicts in Nepal and 50 % of them inject drugs through syringe. In Morang district, there are 1316 reported IDUs and 5000 to 7000 estimated IDUs. Objectives: To assess the risk taking behavior among IDUs with respect to needle syringe exchange and unprotected sex. Methodology: Cross sectional study design was applied to study the risk taking behavior among IDUs users in eastern region of Nepal. A non-probability, snowballing sampling technique was adopted. SPSS and Epi-Info was used to analyze the data of the study. Results: Majority of injecting drug users in eastern region were from the age group 21-30 years (62.7 %), unmarried (64.9 %) and living in nuclear family (80 %). Despite of the fact that most of the IDUs were unmarried most of them were sexually active (72.7 %). The study revealed that condom use during sexual intercourse was high (87.5 %) the consistent and regular use was low (57.5%). Sharing of syringe and reuse of needle was high among the IDUs i.e. 40 % of the respondent. In general the study had revealed that the harm reduction approaches among IDUs were low. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the majority of injecting drug users in eastern region were from the age group 21-30 years, unmarried and living in nuclear family. The study had further highlight that unsafe sex, sharing of syringe and needle and improper cleaning of needle and syringes before sharing is indication of unsafe behavior practices by IDUs. Finally, the study highlighted statistically significant relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and uses of condom during sexual intercourse and high rate of syringe sharing among married respondents.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12233Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVol. 3, No.1 Issue 6, 2014, Page: 26-30

HIV among injecting drug users and spread to the general population: putting the cart before the horse

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris P Archibald ◽  
Dana C Reid ◽  
Yogesh Choudhri ◽  
Stephen M Cule
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users

scholarly journals Study On Risk Taking Behavior To HIV/AIDS Among Injecting Drug User's In Easter Region Of Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhatta B ◽  
Shah SD ◽  
Koirala N
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Hiv Aids

Drug abuse is the Universal Problem and Nepal is not the exception. Different study and report have reported high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the IDUs in Nepal. According to the estimated data, there are eighty thousands drug addicts in Nepal and 50 % of them inject drugs through syringe. In Morang district, there are 1316 reported IDUs and 5000 to 7000 estimated IDUs. To assess the risk talking behavior among IDUs with respect to needle syringe exchange and unprotected sex.Cross sectional study design was applied to study the risk talking behavior among IDUs users in eastern region of Nepal. A non-probability, snowballing sampling technique was adopted. SPSS and Epi-Info was used to analyze the data of the study. Majority of injecting drug users in eastern region were from the age group 21-30 years (62.7 %), unmarried (64.9 %) and living in nuclear family (80 %). Despite of the fact that most of the IDUs were unmarried most of them were sexually active (72.7 %). The study revealed that condom use during sexual intercourse was high(87.5%)the consistent and regular use was low(57.5%). Sharing of syringe and reuse of needle was high among the IDUsi.e.40 % of the respondent. In general the study had revealed that the harm reduction approaches among IDUs were low.The findings suggest that the majority of injecting drug users in eastern region were from the age group 21-30 years, unmarried and living in nuclear family. The study had further highlight that unsafe sex, sharing of syringe and needle and improper cleaning of needle and syringes before sharing is indication of unsafe behavior practices by IDUs. Finally, the study highlighted statistically significant relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and uses of condom during sexual intercourse and high rate of syringe sharing among married respondents.

scholarly journals Recent Spread of Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type II among Injecting Drug Users in Spain

1996 ◽  
Vol 174 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Soriano ◽  
M. Gutierrez ◽  
F. Merino ◽  
F. Dronda ◽  
B. Esparza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus
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