Secondary hypertension

2010 ◽  
pp. 3057-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris J. Brown ◽  
Fraz Mir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Secondary Hypertension

The term ‘secondary hypertension’ is used to describe patients whose blood pressure is elevated by a single, identifiable cause, with an important subdivision being into reversible and irreversible causes: clinically, it is important to exclude the former, but not necessarily to find the latter. In the first two decades of life, the prevalence of secondary hypertension is greater than that of essential hypertension; thereafter, a patient is much more likely to have essential hypertension, but investigations for secondary hypertension should still be assiduous in the twenties and thirties because the alternative entails so many years of tablet-taking....

scholarly journals ROLE OF BHRAMARI PRANAYAM IN MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
M. K. Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Secondary Hypertension ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

Essential hypertension is a rise in blood pressure and in 90%it is of unknown cause. Secondary hypertension which is the result of a pathology, chronic kidney disease, narrowing of the aorta or endocrine disorder. The predisposing factors may be single or multiple are genetic, environmental, behavioural including work stress and food habits. the first 6 lines of yog sutra control body mind and soul. atha yoga-anuśāsanam, yogaś-chitta-vr̥atti-nirodhaḥ, tadādraṣṭuḥsvarūpe-'vasthānam, BHRAMARI – HUMMING-SHABAD-is a phonatory respiratory exercise releases nitric oxide. Bhramari increases the production of nitric oxide by 16 times. Nitric oxide is omnipresent a pleiotropic signalling molecule, plays important role in almost every biological system and controls hypertension Material and method We randomly selected 82 patients of essential hypertension from the outdoor of hospital, out of which 40 were of uncontrolled hypertension. Detailed case history, family history, duration of illness, drug type, regularity and diet pattern were questioned and recorded. Blood Pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), Oxygen saturation (Spo2) were monitored before and after meditation. Results The most common aggravating factor was sedentary life style (90%) followed by work stress (30%) commonest warning symptom was tiredness. There was reduction of 18mm systolic and 12mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion Bhramari Pranayama, focused concentration (Shiv Dhyan) and slow deep abdominal breathing with extended exhalation leads to calmness reduces hyperactive sympathetic activity and enhances parasympathetic activity. The average lowering of blood pressure was observed by 18/12mm of Hg. and pulse by 8/minutes. Regularising the life style, avoiding excess salt, processed food, adding potassium and chlorophyll enhanced diet with timely 8 hours sleep may further reduce the overall prevalence of hypertension and prevent associated, cardiac and other complications.

Secondary hypertension

2020 ◽  
pp. 3778-3796
Author(s):  
Morris J. Brown ◽  
Fraz A. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Secondary Hypertension

The term ‘secondary hypertension’ is used to describe patients whose blood pressure is elevated by a single, identifiable cause, with an important subdivision being into reversible and irreversible causes: clinically, it is important to exclude the former, but not necessarily to find the latter. In the first two decades of life, the prevalence of secondary hypertension is greater than that of essential hypertension; thereafter, a patient is much more likely to have essential hypertension, but investigations for secondary hypertension should still be assiduous in the twenties and thirties because the alternative entails so many years of tablet-taking. Overall, it is estimated that about 10% of all patients with hypertension may have a secondary cause. All patients with hypertension should have a minimum set of investigations.

Increased Intralymphocytic Sodium Content in Essential Hypertension: An Index of Impaired Na+ Cellular Metabolism

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ambrosioni ◽  
F. V. Costa ◽  
L. Montebugnoli ◽  
F. Tartagni ◽  
B. Magnani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Secondary Hypertension ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Mean

1. The sodium concentration in lymphocytes was measured in a group of 66 normotensive subjects (40 without familial hypertension and 26 with familial hypertension), in a group of 81 patients with essential hypertension and in a group of 14 patients with secondary hypertension. 2. The mean value (±sd) in normotensive subjects with no history of familial hypertension was 21.9 ± 3.1 mmol/kg wet weight, which was significantly lower (P < 0.005) than that of normotensive subjects with familial hypertension (mean value 27.9 ± 4.2 mmol/kg). Lymphocyte sodium concentration was significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension (33.2 ± 3.3 mmol/kg; P < 0.001) than in the subjects with normal blood pressure without familial hypertension. 3. In the patients with essential hypertension there was a significant correlation between lymphocyte sodium concentration and systolic (P < 0.005), diastolic (P < 0.001) and mean (P < 0.001) blood pressure. In the normotensive subjects there was no correlation between the lymphocyte sodium concentration and the blood pressure. 4. The patients with secondary forms of hypertension had normal lymphocyte sodium concentration, except in the case of Conn's disease. 5. Incubation with ouabain increased lymphocyte sodium concentration in the normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension; the final sodium concentration was similar in the two groups. 6. When lymphocytes from normotensive subjects without familial hypertension were incubated in plasma of patients with essential hypertension there was an increase in their sodium content.

scholarly journals A Case of Primary Hyperaldosteronism Presenting as Hemorrhagic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A306-A307
Author(s):  
Azeen Anjum ◽  
Gayane Tumyan ◽  
Kevin Tayon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Secondary Hypertension ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Vessel Coronary Artery

Abstract Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Patients with PA are more likely to suffer from end-organ damage compared to matched controls with essential hypertension. We present a case of PA identified in a patient who presented with hypertensive emergency and hemorrhagic stroke. Clinical Case: A 52-year-old man with hypertension and chronic kidney disease presented with sudden onset left-sided weakness. He had a ten year history of hypertension and was taking carvedilol, losartan, and hydralazine prior to presentation. On arrival, his blood pressure was 263/142 mmHg. He had 3/5 grade weakness in the left upper and lower extremities. Laboratory analysis showed a potassium level of 2.8 mmol/L (n = 3.5–5 mmol/L) and a bicarbonate level of 33 mmol/L (n = 21–29 mmol/L). Screening labs for PA were drawn after potassium repletion. CT Head without contrast revealed an acute 2.5-centimeter intracerebral hemorrhage of the right basal ganglia. He was admitted to the intensive care unit and was started on a nicardipine drip with an improvement of blood pressure. His weakness improved and he was discharged home on carvedilol, hydralazine, nifedipine, and losartan. Screening for PA revealed a plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) of 22.8 ng/dL (n &lt; 16 ng/dL) and a plasma renin activity (PRA) of 0.1 ng/ml/hr (n = 0.2–1.6 ng/ml/hr). The PAC/PRA ratio was therefore extremely elevated at 228. The presence of spontaneous hypokalemia, very low renin, and PAC &gt;20 ng/dL confirmed the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. He underwent an adrenal MRI which revealed two left adrenal nodules, the largest measuring 10 mm, and a 7.3 mm right adrenal nodule, consistent with bilateral adrenal adenomas. The patient did not desire surgery, therefore adrenal vein sampling was deferred. His hypertension improved with the addition of a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Eight weeks after his stroke the patient was readmitted due to chest pain. He was found to have severe multi-vessel coronary artery disease and underwent a four vessel coronary artery bypass. Conclusion: Patients with PA have higher rates of adverse cardiovascular events compared to age-, sex-, and blood pressure-matched controls with essential hypertension. Studies demonstrate that aldosterone excess has blood pressure independent proinflammatory and profibrotic effects on the vessel wall which leads to endothelial dysfunction and thus accelerated atherosclerosis. Appropriate treatment can eliminate the excess cardiovascular risk associated with PA. This case highlights the importance of including PA in the differential diagnosis of secondary hypertension, particularly among patients presenting with spontaneous hypokalemia, severe uncontrolled hypertension and early onset cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.

DAILY BLOOD PRESSURE PATTERN DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE II ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND FREQUENT PREMATURE BEATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (71) ◽  
pp. 072
Author(s):  
N. V. Kuzminova ◽  
A. V. Ivankova ◽  
V. P. Ivanov ◽  
S. E. Lozinsky ◽  
I. I. Knyazkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Pressure Pattern ◽  
Premature Beats

Application of the Measurement of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness for Prediction of the Essential Hypertension in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1550-1553
Author(s):  
Rosana Manea ◽  
Bianca Elena Popovici ◽  
Carmen Daniela Neculoiu ◽  
Dan Minea ◽  
Alina Calin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Hypertension is a major risk factor for progression of the atherosclerotic process and for developing of degenerative cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the measurement of carotid intima - media thickness for prediction of essential hypertension in children can be used.The study group included 81 children and the control group 61 children, all aged between 5 - 17 years and 11 months old, and admitted in Children Hospital Brasov in the period of 2009 � 2014. The study protocol included: BMI, blood pressure and Doppler echography of the common carotid artery for each group. Mean age of the patients from the study group was 13.67 years, 43.20 % girls and 56.80 % boys, while in the control group, the mean age was 14.07 years, 54.10% girls and 45.90 % boys. 70.37% of the children from the study group presented obesity, while in the control group 40.98% were obese. The IMTC study group ranged from 0.52 - 0.69 mm and the limits of the normotensive subjects were 0.32 -0.54 mm. In both groups the obese patients were found to have increased carotid artery intima-media, which means that IMTC was positively correlated with BMI (p=0.000001).It is necessary to identify diagnostic methods easily applicable for children, allowing involvement of the characteristics of the arterial wall in the degenerative pathological processes. Increased intima-media ratio is positively correlated with high values of blood pressure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document