Pertussis

2011 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Gram Negative

5.1 Epidemiology, 178 5.2 Basis of infection, 178 5.3 Clinical features, 178 5.4 Basis of diagnosis, 179 5.5 Medical management, 179 • ‘Whooping cough’, caused by Bordatella pertussis • Gram negative rod, aerobic • Highly contagious. • Uncommon in UK children due to immunization....

Legionella

2011 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Gram Negative

8.1 Background to infection, 186 8.2 Clinical features of infection, 186 8.3 Basis of diagnosis, 187 8.4 Medical management of infection and principles of prevention and public health, 187 • Legionella pneumophilia is the primary pathogen in human disease. • Gram negative rod in nature but in clinical material appear cocco-bacillary....

Gram-negative gastrointestinal disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gram Negative

This chapter describes the microbiology of Gram-negative gastrointestinal disease as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of the background to infection, clinical features, basis of diagnosis, and principles of medical management of Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.

Bordetella infection

2010 ◽  
pp. 764-767
Author(s):  
Cameron Grant
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sputum Production ◽  
Childhood Death ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Infectious Organism

Bordetella are small Gram-negative coccobacilli, of which Bordetella pertussis is the most important human pathogen. It is the cause of whooping cough, which is one of the 10 leading causes of childhood death. Transmission of this highly infectious organism is primarily by aerosolized droplets. Clinical features—presentation varies with age, immunization and previous infection: (1) infants—apnoea, cyanosis, and paroxysmal cough; (2) nonimmunized children—cough, increasing in severity with distressing, repeated, forceful expirations followed by a gasping inhalation (the ‘whoop’); (3) children immunized in infancy—whooping, vomiting, sputum production; (4) adults—cough, post-tussive vomiting. Atypical mild illness is common. Complications include pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension, seizures and encephalopathy. Most deaths occur in those less than 2 months old....

Could this be whooping cough?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 639-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Nee ◽  
Elaine Weir ◽  
Madhur Vardhan ◽  
Ankita Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Serious Disease

Whooping cough is a notifiable bacterial respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It may produce serious disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals and very young children. The number of reported cases increases in the winter months and the incidence peaks every 4–5 years. However, this periodicity is variable and is inconsistent between different geographical regions. Bordetella pertussis infection (BPI) may be underdiagnosed because of its seasonality and the fact that clinical features may be indistinguishable from other respiratory disorders in the paediatric ED setting. Treatment with antibiotics reduces the period of infectivity but may not shorten the illness. This review discusses the epidemiology of the disease, its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and the disposition of patients with BPI.

Abstract 1803: Catheterization without In-hospital Revascularization is Associated with Increased Long-term Mortality in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Significant Coronary Artery Disease

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Y Chan ◽  
Kenneth W Mahaffey ◽  
Jie-Lena Sun ◽  
Karen S Pieper ◽  
Harvey D White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Significant Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Despite guidelines recommendations for early invasive management in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), some patients (pts) with significant coronary artery disease (CAD) found on early angiography do not undergo revascularization. The prevalence, clinical features, and long-term prognosis of this population have not been well-characterized. Methods: We evaluated 8225 NSTEMI pts from the SYNERGY trial (2002–2004) with >50% stenosis in at least 1 epicardial artery who received in-hospital percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in-hospital coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or no revascularization before discharge (medical management). A propensity-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare death/MI rates at 6 months and mortality rates at 1 year among the 3 subgroups starting from the time of hospital discharge. Results: A total of 2633 of 8255 pts (32%) were medically managed, 4294 (52%) underwent PCI, and 1298 (16%) underwent CABG. Clinical features and unadjusted outcomes are shown below. Guidelines-recommended discharge medications were used in a large proportion of patients, but those undergoing PCI most commonly received evidence-based therapies. The adjusted risk of 6-month death or MI was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.79–2.67) for medical management compared with PCI, and 3.07 (95% CI: 2.18 – 4.34) for medical management compared with CABG. The adjusted risks of 1-year mortality for medical management were 1.52 (95% CI: 1.07–2.17) and 1.70 (95% CI: 0.96–3.03), respectively. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of NSTEMI pts with significant CAD are managed medically without in-hospital revascularization. These pts have higher-risk clinical characteristics and worse outcomes compared with those who undergo PCI or CABG, despite fairly good use of evidence-based medications. Therefore, innovative treatment strategies are needed to mitigate the increased risk of adverse outcomes in this population. Baseline Characteristics, Discharge Medications, and Unadjusted Clinical Outcomes for the 3 Groups

Medical Management of Whooping Cough in Infants

1949 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Jerome L. Kohn ◽  
Alfred E. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Management ◽  
Whooping Cough

scholarly journals Review of Clinical Features, Microbiological Spectrum, and Treatment Outcomes of Endogenous Endophthalmitis over an 8-Year Period

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenith H. Y. Wu ◽  
Rose P. S. Chan ◽  
Fiona O. J. Luk ◽  
David T. L. Liu ◽  
Carmen K. M. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Finger Counting ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To evaluate the clinical features, microbiological spectrum, and treatment outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis.Methods. Retrospective review of consecutive cases with infective endogenous endophthalmitis presenting from 2000 to 2007. The main outcome measure was the visual outcome at the latest follow-up visit. Other outcome measures included microbiological investigations, anatomical and clinical outcomes.Results. 22 eyes of 21 patients were included, and the mean follow-up duration was 2.7 years. Eyes with fungal endogenous endophthalmitis were more likely to have visual acuity of finger counting or better at presentation compared with those with bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis (odds , ). Gram-negative microorganisms accounted for 50% of infections, while fungal and gram-positive organisms accounted for 27.3% and 22.7%, respectively. Despite treatment, the visual outcome was poor in general as 10 (45.5%) eyes had no light perception at the latest follow-up visit and 6 (27.3%) eyes required enucleation or evisceration. Contrary to previous studies, fungal endogenous endophthalmitis did not appear to have better visual outcome compared with bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis.Conclusion. Gram-negative microorganisms were the main causative pathogens of endogenous endophthalmitis in Hong Kong. The visual prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis is generally poor as almost 50% of eyes were blind despite treatment.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study on Role of Shigru Root Kwath in Mutrashmari

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binod Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Urine Examination ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

The clinical study was done in 60 cases of urolithiasis in randomized controlled pattern to evaluate the efficacy of Shigru (Moringa oleifera Lam) root decoction in medical management of urinary stone (Mutrashmari). The study was conducted at Department of Shalya Tantra, Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Nanded, Maharashtra. For assessment of result patients were investigated by USG & X-ray KUB. Clinical features like pain, burning micturition, haematuria and strangury were also used for analysis of result. Patient’s routine blood and urine examination were carried out. The study reveals that Shigru root decoction has significant role in the management of mild to moderate sized urolithiasis and also give immediate relief to associated features. 

Hepatitis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Hepatitis A

This chapter describes the microbiology of hepatitis as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of the epidemiology, clinical features, basis of diagnosis, medical management, and prevention of hepatitis A, B, and C. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.

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