Effective public health action

2013 ◽  
pp. 566-572
Author(s):  
Chris Spencer Jones
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Work ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Effective Public Health

The aim of this chapter is to help you to measure your progress towards creative and sustainable public health practice. It is intended to address the absence of criteria and standards against which to audit much of the wide spectrum of public health work and to help you improve your delivery of public health when faced with this absence.

FluHMM: A simple and flexible Bayesian algorithm for sentinel influenza surveillance and outbreak detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1826-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Lytras ◽  
Kassiani Gkolfinopoulou ◽  
Stefanos Bonovas ◽  
Baltazar Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
R Package ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Bayesian Algorithm ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Health Action

Timely detection of the seasonal influenza epidemic is important for public health action. We introduce FluHMM, a simple but flexible Bayesian algorithm to detect and monitor the seasonal epidemic on sentinel surveillance data. No comparable historical data are required for its use. FluHMM segments a typical influenza surveillance season into five distinct phases with clear interpretation (pre-epidemic, epidemic growth, epidemic plateau, epidemic decline and post-epidemic) and provides the posterior probability of being at each phase for every week in the period under surveillance, given the available data. An alert can be raised when the probability that the epidemic has started exceeds a given threshold. An accompanying R package facilitates the application of this method in public health practice. We apply FluHMM on 12 seasons of sentinel surveillance data from Greece, and show that it achieves very good sensitivity, timeliness and perfect specificity, thereby demonstrating its usefulness. We further discuss advantages and limitations of the method, providing suggestions on how to apply it and highlighting potential future extensions such as with integrating multiple surveillance data streams.

Developing leadership skills

2020 ◽  
pp. 520-527
Author(s):  
Fiona Sim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Technical Practice ◽  
Effective Public Health

This chapter should help you to acquire the leadership competencies that are necessary to turn excellent public health technical practice into effective public health practice.

Surveillance

2013 ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Sosin ◽  
Richard S. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Public Health Programme ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Effective Use

Effective use of health data is a foundation of public health practice. Surveillance produces an ongoing stream of data that, when appropriately analysed, supports and directs public health action. This chapter provides an introduction to the purposes, design, methods, and uses of public health surveillance systems. Public health programme managers and staff, decision makers, epidemiologists, and students of public health can use this information to assure effective implementation of public health surveillance systems.

scholarly journals Efecto del ejercicio y la actividad física sobre las funciones ejecutivas en niños y en jóvenes. Una revisión sistemática

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
JA Medina-Cascales ◽  
F. Alarcón-López ◽  
A. Castillo-Díaz ◽  
D. Cárdenas-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Web Of Knowledge ◽  
Effective Public Health

En la presente revisión sistemática cualitativa se intenta avanzar en el conocimiento sobre la incidencia de la actividad física sobre las funciones ejecutivas, focalizada en poblaciones sanas infantiles, adolescentes y jóvenes. Se identificaron, categorizaron y analizaron artículos de bases de datos electrónicas como ISI Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsyINFO, ERIC, Google Scholar y Dialnet. Atendiendo a los criterios de inclusión/exclusión, siguiendo la declaración PRISMA para registrar y categorizar los resultados, y mediante la herramienta de evaluación de calidad “The Effective Public Health Practice Project”, se seleccionaron finalmente 44 investigaciones experimentales, estructuradas en episodios agudos y crónicos de actividad física bajo dos enfoques: cuantitativos y cualitativos. Los resultados muestran una superior cantidad de experimentos con episodios agudos cuantitativos (45,45%), frente a los agudos cualitativos (18,18%), crónicos cuantitativos (20,45%) y crónicos cualitativos (15,92%). Los análisis de estas investigaciones han permitido identificar los beneficios de los diferentes tipos de actividad física estudiados sobre los componentes ejecutivos. This qualitative systematic review tries to advance knowledge about the effect of physical activity on executive functions, paying special attention to healthy children, teenagers and youngsters.  Several articles have been identified, categorized and analyzed in electronic databases such as ISI Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsyINFO, ERIC, Google Scholar and Dialnet. According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, following the PRISMA statement to record and categorize the results and throughout the quality assessment tool "The Effective Public Health Practice Project”, 44 pieces of research, structured in acute and chronic episodes of physical activity under two approaches: qualitative and quantitative, were chosen. The results show a higher number of experiments with quantitative acute episodes (45,45%) against qualitative ones (18,18%), chronic quantitative (20,45%) and chronic qualitative episodes (15,92%). The analysis of these investigations has allowed identifying the benefits of different types of physical activity studied on executive components.

scholarly journals Statistical methods for body mass index: A selective review

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 798-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keming Yu ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
Rahim Alhamzawi ◽  
Frauke Becker ◽  
Joanne Lord
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Statistical Library ◽  
Effective Public Health

Obesity rates have been increasing over recent decades, causing significant concern among policy makers. Excess body fat, commonly measured by body mass index, is a major risk factor for several common disorders including diabetes and cardiovascular disease, placing a substantial burden on health care systems. To guide effective public health action, we need to understand the complex system of intercorrelated influences on body mass index. This paper, based on all eligible articles searched from Global health, Medline and Web of Science databases, reviews both classical and modern statistical methods for body mass index analysis. We give a description of each of these methods, exploring the classification, links and differences between them and the reasons for choosing one over the others in different settings. We aim to provide a key resource and statistical library for researchers in public health and medicine to deal with obesity and body mass index data analysis.

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