Secondary immunodeficiency and other host-defence syndromes

2013 ◽  
pp. 81-118
Author(s):  
Gavin P Spickett
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Secondary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Introduction Classification of secondary immunodeficiency Human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 Epstein–Barr virus Other viral infections Acute bacterial infections Chronic bacterial sepsis Bronchiectasis Fungal and parasitic infections Malignancy Myeloma Lymphoma: Hodgkin’s disease Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and myelodysplastic syndromes...

scholarly journals Pancytopenia Secondary to SARS-CoV 2 Infection-A Case Reprt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sharma ◽  
Rajat Shukla ◽  
Rachna Warrier ◽  
Kunal Kumar ◽  
Nalin Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Pancytopenia is a condition when person has low count of all three types of blood cells causing a triage of anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. It should not be considered as a disease in itself but rather the sign of a disease that needs to be further evaluated. Among the various causes, viral infections like Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Parvovirus B19 have been implicated. Pancytopenia is a rare complication and not commonly seen in patients with COVID 19 disease. Here, we report a case of pancytopenia in previously immunocompetent elderly male patient with SARS-CoV2 infection.

scholarly journals Profound CD4+ T lymphocytopenia in human immunodeficiency virus negative individuals, improved with anti-human herpes virus treatment

2012 ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Lilia Diaz Betancourth ◽  
Julio Cesar Klinger ◽  
Victoria Eugenia Niño
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Herpès Virus

Lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia can be associated with many bacterial, fungal, parasite and viral infections. They can also be found in autoimmune and neoplastic diseases, common variable immu­nodeficiency syndrome, physical, psychological and traumatic stress, malnutrition and immunosuppressive therapy. Besides, they can also be brought into relation, without a known cause, with idiopathic CD4+ T lym­phocytopenia. Among viral infections, the Retrovirus, specially the human immunodeficiency virus, is the most frequently cause. However, many acute viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus can be associated with transient lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. As is well known, transient lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia are temporary and overcome when the disease improves. Nonetheless, severe CD4+ T Lymphocytopenia associated with chronic infections by human herpes virus has not been reported. We describe 6 cases of human immunodeficiency virus negative patients, with chronic cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus infections and profound lymphocytopenia with clinical symptoms of cellular immunodeficiency. These patients improved rapidly with ganciclovir or valganciclovir treatment. We claim here that it is important to consider the chronic human herpes virus infection in the differential diag­nosis of profoundly CD4+ T lymphocytopenia etiology, when human immunodeficiency virus is absent, in order to start effective treatment and to determine, in future studies, the impact of chronic human herpes virus infection in human beings’ health.

Head and neck cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection: incidence, outcome and association with Epstein-Barr virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Powles ◽  
J. Powles ◽  
M. Nelson ◽  
A. Sandison ◽  
D. Peston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Head and neck cancers have been described in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. However the incidence, aetiology and clinical features of the disease remain unclear.Patients with head and neck cancer and HIV were identified from a large HIV centre. The incidence and clinical features were recorded, and the tumours were stained for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).Head and neckcancer occurred more frequently than in an age-matched control group (1.66 vs 0.55/10,000 patient years respectively p < 0.05). Highly active anti-retroviral therapy has not significantly altered the incidence of the disease. All of the tumours tested were positive for EBV. Patients were moderately immunosuppressed at diagnosis and had aggressive tumours. All but one of the patients died of cancer with a median survival of 28 months.Head and neck cancer occurs more frequently in HIV. It is an aggressive disease and EBV may play a role in its pathogenesis.

Prevention of Infection-Related Cancers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Bulterys ◽  
Julia Brotherton ◽  
Ding-Shinn Chen
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Liver Flukes

This chapter discusses primary prevention measures that disrupt transmission of oncogenic infections. It begins by discussing vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), two major causes of cancer for which safe and effective vaccines are currently available. It briefly discusses the importance of treatment and prophylaxis against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which potentiates the virulence of other viral infections as well as directly increasing the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It does not discuss the treatment of HBV or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, since these are considered in Chapters 25 and 33. Also beyond the scope of this chapter are the randomized clinical trials currently underway to assess the efficacy and feasibility of eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Chapters 24, 31), vaccination against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (Chapters 24, 26, 39), or the prevention of schistosomiasis and liver flukes (Chapters 24, 33, and 52).

Salivary shedding of Epstein–Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Ribeiro Tenório de França ◽  
Alessandra de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho ◽  
Valder Barbosa Gomes ◽  
Luiz Alcino Gueiros ◽  
Stephen Ross Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome: a challenging exanthema

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e240747
Author(s):  
Anaísa Afonso ◽  
Joana Cachão ◽  
Vitor Laerte Pinto Junior ◽  
Teresa Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Symmetrical Distribution ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Epstein Barr

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) is a self-limited condition, mainly affecting children younger than 6 years, less common in adolescents and adults. It consists of a viral exanthema with papular lesions with a flat top and symmetrical distribution, affecting predominantly extremities, gluteal region and extensor surfaces. It is often associated with viral infections but can also be related to bacterial infections, vaccination or be idiopathic. In this report, we present a case of GCS in a 13-year-old healthy female adolescent who presented with fever, odynophagia, prostration and diffuse maculopapular rash. The diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis due to infection by the Epstein-Barr virus was established. On the second week of the disease, a clinical recrudescence occurred, with worsening of the fever and modification of the exanthema characteristics. GCS is often an underdiagnosed entity. The differential diagnosis of viral exanthema can prove to be challenging and clinical suspicion is essential to achieve the diagnosis.

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