History of pain in children

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita M. Unruh ◽  
Patrick J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Pain ◽  
Spiritual Perspectives ◽  
Modern Era

The problem of pain has likely concerned humankind from the beginning as pain is a compelling call for attention and a signal to escape from its source. Early efforts to understand pain, and its origins, features, and treatment reflected the duality between spiritual conceptualizations of pain and physiological explanations depending on the predominance of such views in a given culture in any given historical period (McGrath and Unruh, 1987). In the absence of physiological or behavioural explanations to explain persistent pain without obvious injury, when spiritual perspectives dominated, prayer, amulets, supplication, and religious rites dominated approaches to pain treatment. Herbal remedies were often part of such strategies and might themselves have had potent properties (Unruh, 1992, 2007). In ancient writings about pain and disease, treatments for children were often given alongside discussions about the health issues of women. In this chapter, we trace early approaches to pain in children to the modern era highlighting points of transition and improvements in paediatric pain management.

History of pain in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Anita M. Unruh ◽  
Patrick J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Pediatric Pain ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Pain ◽  
Spiritual Perspectives ◽  
Modern Era

The problem of pain has always concerned humankind, as pain is a compelling call for attention and a signal to escape. Early efforts to understand pain, and its origins, features, and treatment reflected the duality between spiritual conceptualizations of pain and physiological explanations depending on the predominance of such views in a given culture. When spiritual perspectives dominated, prayer, amulets, supplication, and religious rites controlled approaches to pain treatment. Herbal remedies were often part of such strategies and might themselves been physiologically effective. In ancient writings about pain and disease, treatments for children were often given alongside discussions about the health of women. In this chapter, we trace early approaches to pain in children to the modern era, highlighting points of transition and improvements in pediatric pain management.

History of Parkinsonism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Silver ◽  
Stewart A. Factor
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Parkinson Syndrome ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
History Of Parkinson’S Disease

This chapter explores the history of Parkinson’s disease and similar conditions. Dr James Parkinson’s initial description of this syndrome is covered along with all of the major developments in the understanding of the disease since then up to the modern era. Therapies are detailed, from early herbal remedies up to current treatment, including dopamine and levodopa, non-levodopa therapy, and surgery, and glimpses are given of potential future therapies. The conditions that are similar, the so-called “parkinsonian conditions,” are discussed as well. Synonyms: idiopathic Parkinson disease; Parkinson syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson plus.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of chronic pain and opioid treatment among HIV patients with drug use disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina R. Isenberg, MA ◽  
Allysha C. Maragh-Bass, MPH, PhD ◽  
Kathleen Ridgeway, MSPH ◽  
Mary Catherine Beach, MD, MPH ◽  
Amy R. Knowlton, MPH, ScD
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
History Of

Objective: The study explored high-risk participants' experiences with pain management regarding clinical access to and use of prescription opioids.Design: Qualitative semistructured interviews and focus groups.Setting: Data were collected August 2014 to May 2015 at an urban community-based research facility in Baltimore City, MD.Participants: HIV participants with chronic pain and a history of illicit drug use.Methods: Qualitative coding and analysis used an iterative, inductive, and thematic approach and coders achieved inter-coder consistency.Results: The authors identified two major themes. First, participants had positive and negative interactions with healthcare providers regarding chronic pain treatment. Participants perceived that providers lacked empathy for their pain and/or were not adequately managing their pain. These interactions resulted in participants seeking new providers or mistrusting the medical system. Further, providers’ surveillance of participants’ pain treatment regimen contributed to distress surrounding pain management. The second theme centered on participants’ pain management experiences with prescribed opioid analgesics. Participants felt they were receiving dosages and classes of analgesics that did not sufficiently address their pain, and consequently modified their dosages or rationed prescription opioids. Other participants were reluctant to take analgesics due to their history of illicit drug use. Some participants relapsed to illicit drug use when they felt their prescription opioids did not adequately address their pain needs.Conclusions: Participant struggles with receiving and managing prescribed opioid analgesics suggest a need for: therapies beyond these medications; guidelines for providers specific to this population; and harm reduction trainings for providers.

scholarly journals FROM KHILÂFAH TO MODERN STATE: The History of Islamic Political Transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khoirul Fata ◽  
Adnan Adnan ◽  
Mahfud Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
State Politics ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
New Era ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Politics ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Modern Era

This article discusses the dynamic and changes in Islamic political history. Rather than focuses on the Islamic doctrine, it focuses on the characteristics of each historical period. Through historical approach, this study reveals that Islam and state-politics are two sides of a coin. Since the beginning of Islam, it has been intertwined with state politics. Nevertheless, the history of Islamic politics has many faces. There is no standard shape or entity of Islamic politics. Changes and variation are the result of the Islamic ummah’s efforts to develop political institutions that suit the demand of the era while trying to adhere to the Islamic teachings. This dynamic is seen in the changes from the era of the Prophet PBUH, the era of the four main Caliphs, up to the era of the large dynasties. In this modern era, the Islamic politics experiences a crisis due to the downfall of the old Islamic political entity (the caliphate) and the interaction with the modern west-political ideas. Various thoughts and political concepts tries to provide answers for the appropriate Islamic political shape/entity for this new era. However, currently a standard and ideal shape for an Islamic political entity is yet to be found.

A Capsule History of Pain Management

JAMA ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 290 (18) ◽  
pp. 2470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia L. Meldrum
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Pain

Acute Pain Management for Patients Receiving Medication-Assisted Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Peggy Compton
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Medications ◽  
Analgesic Opioids

Evidence-based approaches for the treatment of opioid use disorder include the use of opioid medications (methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone), collectively referred to as medication-assisted therapy. Patients receiving medication-assisted therapy may present in the acute care setting with pain, often related to planned surgical procedures to treat health issues that were not addressed before entering treatment. Because these medications act on the same receptors as do analgesic opioids—and, in the cases of methadone and buprenorphine, have analgesic properties — managing acute pain in these patients can be challenging. Principles of effective pain management for these patients include continuing the usual medication-assisted therapy dose; using nonpharmacological and nonopioid pain management strategies as possible and immediate-release opioids, titrating to effect and monitoring for toxicity; anticipating tolerance and hyperalgesia; and establishing a collaborative treatment relationship with the medication-assisted therapy provider. Providing effective pain treatment supports ongoing recovery in patients with opioid use disorder.

A History of Pain Research

2019 ◽  
pp. xxii-27
Author(s):  
Fernando Cervero ◽  
John N. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
New Information ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Pain

Useful analgesic plant products have been known since antiquity. In recent times, the cell and molecular basis of damage detection and its complex relationship to pain perception have been explored in detail. A range of technical advances have given us considerable new knowledge about both the peripheral aspects of pain pathways and damage transduction as well as central mechanisms of pain modulation. Electrophysiology, imaging, genetic manipulation of animal models of pain, the role of the immune system, and genetic studies of human pain states have all provided new information. Remarkably, despite these advances, we are still uncertain about the locus of pain perception, while the development of new small-molecule analgesic drugs has had almost no success. This article summarizes the history of pain research and discusses present activities together with potential future routes to pain treatment.

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