Essential medicines for palliative care

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana De Lima ◽  
Lukas Radbruch ◽  
Eduardo Bruera
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
International Association ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care

The essential medicines concept developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), states that there is a list of minimum medicines for a basic health-care system, including the most efficacious, safe, and cost-effective ones for priority conditions. According to the WHO, essential medicines are those that satisfy the primary health-care needs of the population. Thus, they should always be available, affordable, and cost-effective. However, the vast majority of the global population does not have access to essential medicines. Many organizations have called on governments to adopt policies to improve availability of these essential medicines and developed programmes and projects to increase awareness and knowledge. This chapter describes two such projects developed by the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care (IAHPC), based on the essential medicines concept to improve access to medicines and appropriate palliative care: the IAHPC List of Essential Medicines in Palliative Care and the Opioid Essential Prescription Package.

scholarly journals Analysis of Essential Medicines Used for Emergency Care in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Talha Khalid ◽  
Amna Khokhar ◽  
Naseem Jehan ◽  
Umar Sultan ◽  
Arooj Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), essential medicines (EM) have the ability to meet the health care needs of maximum individuals. High accessibility to essential medicines (EM) was proposed under the Millennium Development Goal. The access to high quality, suitable, and inexpensive essential medicines is an essential constituent of health care systems. Methodology: This retrospective cross-sectional observational study was performed at Jinnah Hospital Lahore from February 2018 to November 2018, for analysis of essential medicine usage in a public sector tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. The data were collected from records of patients admitted in the emergency department. Results: Drugs prescribed per encounter were estimated to be 3. Most patients got a single antibiotic, and cephalosporin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic. Conclusion: The concept of essential drugs has gained high acceptance, but the EMs should be prescribed logically, appropriately and should be in line with WHO guidelines.

scholarly journals What is the WHO essential medicines list?

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Purgato ◽  
C. Barbui
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Essential Medicines List ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Medicine Supply

This article briefly presents the main characteristics of the World Health Organization (WHO) essential medicines list (EML), a register of minimum medicine needs for every health-care system. The idea behind the list is that the use of a limited number of well-known and cost-effective medicines may lead to improved long-term medicine supply, lower costs and better health care provision.

Drug control: a prerequisite for health

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1174) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Limited List

The purchase of drugs employs an increasingly large part of the health budget of many Third World countries. Like health care expenditure as a whole, drug spending is heavily biased in favour of urban hospitals, often for expensive proprietary drugs that offer little benefit over cheaper preparations. As a result, because limited funds are available, vaccines and drugs for prevention and primary care are sometimes unavailable, especially in rural areas. The World Health Organization and many individual countries have responded to the problem of drug costs by creating a limited list of drugs considered essential for health care needs. Other methods of curtailing spending on drugs have included tendering for supplies and the establishment of plants to manufacture and formulate drugs. Controls of this type meet enormous resistance from doctors and pharmaceutical manufacturers, but are vital for the implementation of policies for appropriate health care.

scholarly journals Palliative care needs in COPD patients with or without cancer: an epidemiological study

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Meffert ◽  
Isaak Hatami ◽  
Carola Xander ◽  
Gerhild Becker
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Palliative Care Needs

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, many patients with severe COPD do not receive adequate palliative care. The main goals of our study were to identify the percentage of hospital patients with palliative care needs, particularly those who suffer from COPD.Data were collected prospectively from inpatients at the University Medical Centre Freiburg (Freiburg, Germany). Based on the World Health Organization definition of palliative care, the treating physician reported for each patient discharged whether the patient had palliative care needs or not. Data from 39 849 patients could be analysed, of which 1455 were suffering from COPD.Of all COPD patients, 9.1% had palliative care needs. In COPD patients with palliative care needs, hospital stay was significantly longer (13.7 versus 10.3 days) than in the group without palliative care needs, and significantly more patients died during their hospital stay (8.3% versus 3.7%). The presence of metastases was the highest risk factor for developing palliative care needs (OR 4.18). Furthermore, a main diagnosis of COPD implied an increased probability of palliative care needs (OR 1.87).Our results show that COPD patients have a high risk of developing palliative care needs. Further efforts are required to provide palliative care to COPD patients.

scholarly journals Accurate Measurement of Handwash Quality Using Sensor Armbands: Instrument Validation Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofan Wang ◽  
Zhanna Sarsenbayeva ◽  
Xiuge Chen ◽  
Tilman Dingler ◽  
Jorge Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Video Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND Hand hygiene is a crucial and cost-effective method to prevent health care–associated infections, and in 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued guidelines to encourage and standardize hand hygiene procedures. However, a common challenge in health care settings is low adherence, leading to low handwashing quality. Recent advances in machine learning and wearable sensing have made it possible to accurately measure handwashing quality for the purposes of training, feedback, or accreditation. OBJECTIVE We measured the accuracy of a sensor armband (Myo armband) in detecting the steps and duration of the WHO procedures for handwashing and handrubbing. METHODS We recruited 20 participants (10 females; mean age 26.5 years, SD 3.3). In a semistructured environment, we collected armband data (acceleration, gyroscope, orientation, and surface electromyography data) and video data from each participant during 15 handrub and 15 handwash sessions. We evaluated the detection accuracy for different armband placements, sensor configurations, user-dependent vs user-independent models, and the use of bootstrapping. RESULTS Using a single armband, the accuracy was 96% (SD 0.01) for the user-dependent model and 82% (SD 0.08) for the user-independent model. This increased when using two armbands to 97% (SD 0.01) and 91% (SD 0.04), respectively. Performance increased when the armband was placed on the forearm (user dependent: 97%, SD 0.01; and user independent: 91%, SD 0.04) and decreased when placed on the arm (user dependent: 96%, SD 0.01; and user independent: 80%, SD 0.06). In terms of bootstrapping, user-dependent models can achieve more than 80% accuracy after six training sessions and 90% with 16 sessions. Finally, we found that the combination of accelerometer and gyroscope minimizes power consumption and cost while maximizing performance. CONCLUSIONS A sensor armband can be used to measure hand hygiene quality relatively accurately, in terms of both handwashing and handrubbing. The performance is acceptable using a single armband worn in the upper arm but can substantially improve by placing the armband on the forearm or by using two armbands. CLINICALTRIAL

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