Sequencing of panfacial fracture repair

2021 ◽  
pp. 827-830
Author(s):  
Jiten D. Parmar ◽  
Lachlan M. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Face Height ◽  
The Face ◽  
Panfacial Fractures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Panfacial Fracture

Panfacial fractures involve multiple fractures of the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face. In management of panfacial fractures, the individual fracture techniques and approaches described in the previous chapters in Section 7 are combined to restore bony continuity of the facial skeleton and provide an aesthetic and functional drape of the overlying soft tissues. The aim in treatment of panfacial fractures is to restore the anatomical buttresses of the face in three dimensions, thus restoring vertical face height, horizontal width, and anteroposterior projection.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Defects And Face Deformations: Features Of Diagnostics And Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Iftikhor Obidjonovich Nigmatov ◽  
◽  
Shukhrat Abdujalilovich Boymuradov ◽  
Jamolbek Abdukakhkhorovich Djuraev ◽  
Yusupov Shokhrukh Shukhratovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post Traumatic

The high growth of injuries, the absence in the country of a unified approach to the treatment of victims with pathology of the bones of the face and skull leads to a sharp increase in the number of patients with post-traumatic deformities, defects, often to their disability and death. This problem has recently acquired the greatest importance in connection with the increase in the number of victims in areas of natural disasters and road traffic accidents. Severe multiple fractures of the bones of the middle zone of the facial skeleton, accompanied by craniocerebral trauma of varying degrees, bleeding and liquorrhea, are often outwardly unnoticeable, since they are hidden by pronounced edema, hemorrhages in soft tissues, and can only be determined with a targeted specialized examination. These types of examinations and the provision of specialized medical care are possible only in multidisciplinary centers. Therefore, these types of injuries are not always diagnosed in a timely manner, especially in severely injured with the presence of pronounced injuries of other localizations.

scholarly journals Mandibular Fracture in a Child Resulting from a Dog Attack: A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Cottom ◽  
Dery Tuopar ◽  
Phillip Ameerally
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Maxillofacial Fracture ◽  
The Face ◽  
Minor Injuries

Dog attacks are extremely frequent and are thought to be responsible for an average of 250,000 minor injuries and emergency unit attendances each year. Children in particular are more likely to experience dog-bite injuries with 5–9-year olds most susceptible. The majority of injuries are to the head region, with the lips, cheeks, and nose often affected. Most injuries experienced are confined to the soft tissues; nevertheless, maxillofacial fracture is a potential albeit rare complication. The incidence of facial fractures in relation to dog bites is unknown; however, some have estimated that facial fractures could occur in 5% of dog attacks. However mandibular fracture following a dog bite is extremely rare, with review of the literature only identifying three cases. We present a further case in which a five-year-old sustained numerous soft-tissue lacerations to the face and hand, together with fracture of the mandibular symphysis following a dog attack. The fracture was successfully repaired using open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plates and screws. The case emphasises that although maxillofacial fracture is rare, it may occur following a dog bite and that thorough and systematic examination of the facial skeleton is crucial to exclude the presence of such injuries.

Modification of the facial skeleton in aesthetic facial surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1425-1428
Author(s):  
Paul Johnson ◽  
David Tighe
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Facial Surgery ◽  
The Face

The facial bones form the foundation of the face and provide support for the overlying soft tissues. Changing their structure can have profound effects on facial appearance. Procedures may involve augmentation, bone reduction by contouring, or repositioning of bones by means of osteotomies. Each of these techniques can be used to improve facial appearance.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of ocular prosthetics in congenital anophthalmia and microphthalmia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Nadezhda A. Baranova ◽  
Vadim P. Nikolaenko
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Palpebral Fissure ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Ocular Prosthesis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prior Surgery ◽  
Congenital Anophthalmia ◽  
Prosthesis Material

Aim — to determine optimal terms of the primary ocular prosthetics, to develop the most auspicious regimen of adaptation to the ocular prosthesis in children with congenital anophthalmia and microphthalmia. Material and methods. A total of 46 children aged from 1 month to 16 years with congenital defect were under observation. Among patients with congenital microphthalmia, only unpromising eyes were subject to ocular prosthetics. Examination methods in the laboratory included external examination of the orbit, palpebral fissure, and eyelids. The state of the cul-de-sac of eyelids, the configuration of the conjunctival cavity, the anterior segment of the abnormally small eyeball were assessed. Photography was performed to achieve a dynamic control of external prosthetics signs of, and to evaluate the face symmetry. Results. Best results were observed at early stepwise ocular prosthetics with consideration of features of the ocular prosthesis material, without prior surgery. Long-term cosmetic performance of children with congenital anophthalmia and microphthalmia directly depended on age at which the non-surgical treatment began, on the timely replacement of the ocular prosthesis, compliance to the regimen developed for the adaptation to the prosthesis. Conclusion. This study showed that the terms of primary ocular prosthetics are of crucial importance for the symmetrical development of soft tissues and facial skeleton. Prosthetics for patients with congenital anophthalmia should be started at the first month of life. The optimal term for primary prosthetics in congenital microphthalmia depends on the length of the antero-posterior axis at birth. If the axial length is less than 7.5 mm, prosthetics should be started at the first month of life, if the axis is longer than 10 mm — no later than from the fourth month of life.

scholarly journals A case of giant ameloblastoma: destructive effect on the facial skeleton and soft tissues of the head and neck

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052110501
Author(s):  
Květuše Lovásová ◽  
Branislav Borza ◽  
Peter Kizek ◽  
Milan Almaši ◽  
David Kachlík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Facial Swelling ◽  
The Face

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor characterized by slow growth causing painless facial swelling. The tumor can behave locally aggressively, and may have direct destructive effects on the surrounding soft and hard tissues. This paper reports the unique case of a female patient with giant ameloblastoma of the mandible. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enormous swelling of the left side of the face, resorption of the affected hemi-mandible, left maxilla, and tissues of the temporal, infratemporal, and pterygopalatine fossae. Pressure from the tumor resulted in displacement and destruction of the facial skeleton, upper aero-digestive tract structures, and some structures of the neck. The patient was treated by radical hemimandibulectomy with removal of the tumorous mass. Precise knowledge of the anatomical structures, and their locations and topographical relationships is required in the diagnosis and treatment plan for each surgical procedure in cases of giant ameloblastoma. CT imaging can be used to determine the extent and exact location of the lesion, revealing other important details that may help in selecting appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Submandibular approach for orotracheal intubation in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e49101220158
Author(s):  
Edela Puricelli ◽  
Deise Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Intraoperative Control ◽  
The Face

Introduction: Submandibular tracheal intubation is a technique that can be applied in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology, as well as other surgical specialties. Its main advantages are helping in the surgical manipulation of the middle facial skeleton and jaw and allowing the intraoperative control of dental occlusion. The technique is an alternative to elective tracheostomy. Objective and case report: The article presents the treatment of an adult patient, with sequelae of multiple fractures in the face due to a car accident, with endotracheal intubation using submandibular approach. Final considerations: In large surgical manipulations of the face, the submandibular approach for tracheal intubation allows a faster, facilitated anatomical access with a lower risk of damage to adjacent structures when compared to other pathways. It also guarantees excellent cervical mobility, the possibility of wide manipulation and the use of occlusion as a guide for surgical intervention.

The Eastern construction of paradoxical cognitive framework and its antecedents: a Yin–Yang balancing perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Youqing Fan ◽  
Jianfeng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mutual Transformation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Yin Yang ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual

Purpose In the face of external paradoxical requirements, the cognitive framework of managers and employees use to perceive, interpret and reconstruct information is important to ease anxiety and improve job performance. The Yin-Yang balancing of eastern philosophical thought is particularly good at explaining and predicting changes and conflict environments. For this reason, this study aims to propose the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework based on the Yin-Yang balancing theory and its antecedent framework. Design/methodology/approach This paper contrasts the similarity and differences between Chinese and Western philosophy’s thoughts on paradoxes. On this basis, the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework is proposed. Then, the paper puts forward the antecedent framework of managers’ cognitive framework and employees’ paradoxical cognitive framework. Findings This paper proposes the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework includes the following three dimensions: the unity-in-diversity of paradoxical elements, the asymmetric balance of paradoxical elements and mutual transformation of paradoxical elements. In addition, this paper proposes an antecedent framework of the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework – the paradoxical requirement of organizational environment exerts a direct impact on managers’ and employees’ paradoxical cognitive framework; managers’ paradoxical cognitive framework has a positive impact on paradoxical leadership; paradoxical leadership exerts an indirect impact on employees’ paradoxical cognitive framework through the collective paradoxical cognitive framework; paradoxical leadership directly affects employees’ paradoxical cognitive framework. Research limitations/implications This paper focuses on comparing the similarities and differences of the individual paradoxical cognitive framework in Chinese and Western cultures and proposes the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework and its antecedent framework. Future research needs to further verify the theoretical framework proposed in this paper. Originality/value This paper makes a detailed comparison of the paradox views in Chinese and Western philosophy. It is the first to propose the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework and its antecedent framework, laying a theoretical foundation for future empirical research.

Imaging in trauma of the facial skeleton and soft tissues of the neck

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
George Bitar ◽  
Philip Touska
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
The Face ◽  
Craniofacial Trauma ◽  
Tissue Injuries

Trauma to the face and neck is a frequent reason for emergency department attendance. Imaging is invaluable in the characterisation of such injuries, enabling delineation of fracture patterns as well as identification of vascular and other soft tissue injuries. It may also be used to prevent long-term mortality and morbidity and provide a roadmap for surgical intervention so that form and function may be restored. This article gives a pictorial review of the imaging of craniofacial trauma, stratified according to the thirds of the face, followed by a review of blunt and penetrating trauma of the neck. It discusses appropriate imaging modalities for each trauma category, describes major patterns of craniofacial trauma on cross-sectional imaging and identifies clinically relevant imaging features that should trigger subspecialist review or be of relevance to pre-surgical planning. It starts with the upper third comprising frontal sinus fractures before describing the component fractures of the middle third (including nasal, zygomaticomaxillary and orbital fractures) and then focusing on the lower third (specifically mandibular and dentoalveolar fractures). The article concludes with a review of soft tissue injuries of the neck, particularly penetrating, blunt and laryngeal trauma.

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of the developed method effectiveness of anesthesia of the zygomaticofacial nerve

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
O. Ya. Mokryk
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual

The branching of the trigeminal nerve on the face has an individual anatomical variability.  The individual variability of innervation of soft tissues of the maxillofacial area should be taken into account during their local anesthesia. During the blockade of the zygomaticofacial nerve in accordance with the well-known technique, only 74 % of the cases of anesthesia in the buccal and zygomatic areas were completely anesthetized. The aim of the study – to give a сlinical evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed method of anesthesia of the zygomaticofacial nerve. Materials and Methods. In the clinical observation  41 stationary  stomatological patients with planned surgical interventions on the lateral facial area took part (in the buccal area – 16 patients, in the zygomatic area – 25 patients).  In order to detect the individual anatomical features of the facial part of the head in patients, the facial index was determined by the Garson`s formula as the relation between the morphological height of the face and its width multiplied by 100. These patients were applied a developed method of conductive anesthesia of the zygomaticofacial nerve and compared its effectiveness with a known method. Pain sensitivity and perception in patients were studied using subjective and objective methods. Pain sensitivity was determined by injection of a needle (pinprick) into the epidermis. Pain perception during local anesthesia administration was evaluated by the Sounds, Eyes and Motor (SEM) scale. Results and Discussion.  Taking into account the results of craniometric studies as well as the individual topographic and anatomical features of zygomaticofacial nerve branching in people with different types of skull structure, the technique of conduction anesthesia of the branches of the zygomaticofacial nerve was developed. During surgical treatment the effectiveness of the local anesthetic developed method was evaluated as good – it was observed in patients a stable anesthesia, without psychosomatic peculiarities as well as local and general complications. Conclusions. Application in clinical conditions of the technique of conductive anesthesia of the zygomaticofacial nerve, developed by us, in combination with the classical method of local anesthesia of the buccal nerve provides painless surgical interventions on the lateral area of the face. For the successful local anesthesia of the zygomatic and buccal regions, it is necessary to take into account the anatomical variability of the branch on the face of the zygomaticofacial nerve in patients with different types of skull structure and face shape.

Facial Aesthetics following Edgewise and Fränkel Appliance Therapy: The Application of Chernoff Faces

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Battagel ◽  
N. J. Battagel
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Pictorial Presentation ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
The Face ◽  
Graphical Technique ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Single Figure ◽  
Relationship Of

This study investigates an application of the graphical technique of multivariate data description, ‘Chernoff faces’, to orthodontics. This method of pictorial presentation allows the simultaneous examination of several measurements in a single figure. Each variable is represented by a scaled feature of the human face: the size and position of the ears, eyes, eyebrows, nose, and mouth, as well as the face itself, are used to display data in a diagrammatic form. Using this method, the individual post-treatment results of 62 severe Class II division 1 cases treated by either Fränkel or Edgewise appliance therapy were compared. Nine cephalometric variables were chosen, describing the profile and the antero-posterior positions of the lower jaw and teeth, and stylized cartoon faces drawn for each child. These were compared with a control face prepared from untreated children of the same sex and age. Overall, children treated with Fränkel appliances showed a more normal relationship of the lips to Ricketts' aesthetic line and a greater prominence of the lower face. This difference between the two groups was most marked in the soft tissues. In a few cases, however, the appearance of the Edgewise treated children was indistinguishable from that of the controls. It is concluded that Chernoff faces, by portraying several pertinent aspects of data simultaneously, may be a useful adjunct to the presentation of orthodontic findings.

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