Emotion Regulation and Conduct Disorder

2017 ◽  
pp. 129-153
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Thomson ◽  
Luna C. M. Centifanti ◽  
Elizabeth A. Lemerise
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Reactive And Proactive Aggression

The present chapter examines several developmental pathways towards a diagnosis of conduct disorder (CD) in childhood and adolescence. In particular, we discuss the evidence for considering how children with CD manage their emotions since subgroups of children with CD may show a different developmental trajectory based on their emotion regulation abilities. The chapter reviews the prevalence and life-course of CD, the development of emotion regulation, temperament and emotionality, and the development of reactive and proactive aggression. It discusses the biopsychosocial distinction of CD with callous-unemotional (CU) traits and CD with severe anger dysregulation. It also reviews the most recent evidence on effective interventions and treatment for children and adolescents with CD and CU traits. The chapter closes with a discussion of the implications for clinical practice of CD based on the heterogeneity within the disorder.

The effects of callous-unemotional traits and aggression subtypes on amygdala activity in response to negative faces

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal-M Aggensteiner ◽  
Nathalie E. Holz ◽  
Boris W. Böttinger ◽  
Sarah Baumeister ◽  
Sarah Hohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Proactive Aggression ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Aggression Subtypes ◽  
Reactive And Proactive Aggression

Abstract Background Brain imaging studies have shown altered amygdala activity during emotion processing in children and adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) compared to typically developing children and adolescents (TD). Here we aimed to assess whether aggression-related subtypes (reactive and proactive aggression) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits predicted variation in amygdala activity and skin conductance (SC) response during emotion processing. Methods We included 177 participants (n = 108 cases with disruptive behaviour and/or ODD/CD and n = 69 TD), aged 8–18 years, across nine sites in Europe, as part of the EU Aggressotype and MATRICS projects. All participants performed an emotional face-matching functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Results Differences between cases and TD in affective processing, as well as specificity of activation patterns for aggression subtypes and CU traits, were assessed. Simultaneous SC recordings were acquired in a subsample (n = 63). Cases compared to TDs showed higher amygdala activity in response to negative faces (fearful and angry) v. shapes. Subtyping cases according to aggression-related subtypes did not significantly influence on amygdala activity; while stratification based on CU traits was more sensitive and revealed decreased amygdala activity in the high CU group. SC responses were significantly lower in cases and negatively correlated with CU traits, reactive and proactive aggression. Conclusions Our results showed differences in amygdala activity and SC responses to emotional faces between cases with ODD/CD and TD, while CU traits moderate both central (amygdala) and peripheral (SC) responses. Our insights regarding subtypes and trait-specific aggression could be used for improved diagnostics and personalized treatment.

Maternal PTSD and Behavioral Parent Training Treatment for a Girl With Conduct Disorder and Callous–Unemotional Traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Mills ◽  
Dara E. Babinski ◽  
Daniel A. Waschbusch
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Parent Training ◽  
Parental Psychopathology ◽  
Behavioral Parent Training ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
The Impact

Very little is known about the impact of parental psychopathology on treatment outcome for youth with conduct problems (CPs) and callous–unemotional (CU) traits. This case study describes behavioral parent training (BPT) for “Amy,” an 11-year-old girl presenting with CP/CU traits who had a mother diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Maternal and paternal reports of child behavior problems and impairments were collected to assess treatment outcome. Weekly ratings of maternal PTSD were also collected to examine changes in maternal psychopathology over the course of BPT. Parent ratings showed that treatment was associated with reductions in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, conduct disorder (CD) symptoms, and impairment, and with improvements in treatment goal progress. However, the frequency of negative behaviors remained high throughout treatment. Maternal PTSD symptoms remained in the clinical range throughout BPT, but there was some evidence of synchrony between maternal PTSD symptoms and child negative behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of examining parental psychopathology in understanding BPT outcomes for children with CP/CU traits and call for greater attention to addressing child and parent difficulties that may impede improvement in treatment for youth with CP/CU traits.

scholarly journals Positive and negative parenting in conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous–unemotional traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ruth Pauli ◽  
Peter Tino ◽  
Jack C. Rogers ◽  
Rosalind Baker ◽  
Roberta Clanton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Negative Parenting ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Learning Classifier ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Generalized Matrix ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Less is known about the relationship between conduct disorder (CD), callous–unemotional (CU) traits, and positive and negative parenting in youth compared to early childhood. We combined traditional univariate analyses with a novel machine learning classifier (Angle-based Generalized Matrix Learning Vector Quantization) to classify youth (N = 756; 9–18 years) into typically developing (TD) or CD groups with or without elevated CU traits (CD/HCU, CD/LCU, respectively) using youth- and parent-reports of parenting behavior. At the group level, both CD/HCU and CD/LCU were associated with high negative and low positive parenting relative to TD. However, only positive parenting differed between the CD/HCU and CD/LCU groups. In classification analyses, performance was best when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD groups and poorest when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. Positive and negative parenting were both relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD, negative parenting was most relevant when distinguishing between CD/LCU and TD, and positive parenting was most relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. These findings suggest that while positive parenting distinguishes between CD/HCU and CD/LCU, negative parenting is associated with both CD subtypes. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple parenting behaviors in CD with varying levels of CU traits in late childhood/adolescence.

scholarly journals Callous-Unemotional Traits in Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Carvalho ◽  
Miguel Faria ◽  
Andreia Conceição ◽  
Margarida Gaspar de Matos ◽  
Cecilia A. Essau
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Unemotional Traits ◽  
Valid Instrument

Abstract. The Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits (ICU) was developed to measure callous-unemotional (CU) psychopathic traits in children and adolescents. Studies that have examined the factor structure of ICU showed considerable controversy. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric proprieties of the Portuguese translation of the ICU. A total of 1,011 children and adolescents (495 boys and 516 girls), mean age of 13.36 years, participated in this study. Exploratory factor analysis produced two factors: uncaring and callousness; Cronbach’s α for each of the factor was .83 and .79 for the total score. Significant main gender and interaction between gender and age effects were found; girls reported lower CU traits than boys; children reported higher CU traits compared to preadolescents and adolescents, particularly in boys. CU also correlated with emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and psychosocial impairment. Furthermore, CU traits related to conduct problems both in boys and in girls, although this relationship was higher for boys. To conclude, findings of the present study showed that the Portuguese version of the ICU seems to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess CU traits among children and adolescents in Portugal. However, the original 3-factor model was not supported.

Mädchen mit Störungen des Sozialverhaltens

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Nicola Großheinrich ◽  
Kerstin Konrad ◽  
Christine M. Freitag ◽  
Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Störung Des Sozialverhaltens ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Therapeutische Interventionen ◽  
Störungen Des Sozialverhaltens

Während Studien zur Störung des Sozialverhaltens (Conduct Disorder; CD) in der Vergangenheit fast ausschließlich mit Jungen durchgeführt wurden, sind in den letzten Jahren betroffene Mädchen zunehmend in den Fokus des wissenschaftlichen Interesses gerückt. In dieser Übersicht werden die aktuellen Befunde zur Prävalenz und zu geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden hinsichtlich Symptomatik (einschließlich Subtypen aggressiven Verhaltens und psychopathischer Eigenschaften (callous-unemotional (cu)-traits)) dargestellt. Anhand von Befunden zum vegetativen und neuroendokrinen Stresssystem sowie neurokognitiven und genetischen Daten sowie Bildgebungsbefunden werden neurobiologische Differenzen und weitere Unterschiede im Hinblick auf den Einfluss von Umweltfaktoren aufgezeigt. Insgesamt zeigt sich eine große Überlappung der klinischen Symptomatik, von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und neurobiologischen Veränderungen bei Jungen und Mädchen mit CD. Größere systematische Untersuchungen zu Mädchen mit CD sind dringend notwendig und könnten zu einem besseren Verständnis dissozialer Entwicklung beitragen. Da Mädchen seltener eine CD-Symptomatik zeigen, könnten solche Studien z. B. helfen, Resilienzfaktoren zu identifizieren, die therapeutische Interventionen möglicher Weise optimieren könnten.

scholarly journals A psychometric and validity study of callous-unemotional traits in 2.5 year old children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Wright ◽  
Andrew Pickles ◽  
Helen Sharp ◽  
Jonathan Hill
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Problem Behaviour ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Antisocial Process Screening Device ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Screening Device

AbstractCallous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with severe and stable antisocial behaviour in childhood and adolescence. In order to understand the earliest origins of CU traits we need first to know whether measurement is reliable and valid in young children. This study evaluated the psychometric properties and validity of a CU traits measure generated from existing child problem behaviour scales at age 2.5 years. The participants were members of an epidemiological longitudinal study starting in pregnancy. Items from the Antisocial Process Screening Device and other problem behaviour scales were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modelling was used to test whether age 2.5 CU traits showed incremental validity in predicting aggression at age 5. The CU measure showed acceptable psychometric properties, factorial invariance by sex and good stability. Incremental prediction to later aggression was evident in girls, whereas boys showed strong continuity in aggression not found for girls.

Motivation for Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOLA J. PENDER
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physical Activity Counseling ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Active Lifestyles

Assisting children and adolescents in adopting physically active lifestyles is an integral part of the health education and health promotion services provided by nurses in school, family, community, and primary care settings. In order to effectively engage in physical activity counseling, the determinants of physical activity must he understood and integrated into effective interventions for youths. This review of research literature includes a critique of intervention studies aimed at helping children and adolescents adopt active lifestyles that will be sustained throughout life. Social cognitive theory provided the theoretical basis for most of the studies reviewed but specification of how theory concepts were operationalized in the interventions was often unclear. Suggestions for increasing the rigor of theoretically based intervention studies aimed at promoting physical activity are proposed. Models and variables are identified that need further testing to determine their relevance to the promotion of physical activity during childhood and adolescence.

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