Onychomycosis caused by the environmental mold Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Colombia, and in vitro antifungal susceptibility evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Gil-González ◽  
Juan C Gómez-Velásquez ◽  
Natalia Loaiza-Díaz ◽  
Sindy V Florez-Muñoz ◽  
Gilma N Hernández-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum ◽  
Mycological Diagnosis ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Susceptibility Evaluation

Abstract Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is a plant pathogen, but can also cause onychomycosis. We compared clinical and epidemiological data of cases of onychomycosis caused by N. dimidiatum and Trichophyton rubrum. We also evaluated the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of N. dimidiatum clinical isolates. It was not possible to establish any statistical differences between groups, except the place of residence and the number of affected nails. The results suggest that onychomycosis caused by N. dimidiatum is clinically similar to that caused by T. rubrum; besides, N. dimidiatum has been shown to have low sensitivity to itraconazole, but high to terbinafine. Lay Summary Cases of onychomycosis caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum were studied and compared to cases of onychomycosis caused by T. rubrum. The individuals affected were adults, and the clinical characteristics were not different between groups; accordingly, mycological diagnosis is mandatory.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Rare Fungal Keratitis Caused by Verticillium dahliae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Huang ◽  
Wenlu Zhang ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

Abstract PurposeTo observe clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of fungal keratitis cause by Verticillium dahliae. MethodsClinical data of 7 patients diagnosed as fungal keratitis cause by V. dahliae were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical manifestations, mycology, in vitro antifungal susceptibility, treatment regimens and prognoses of the patients were evaluated. ResultsAll 7 patients were farm worker, of which 5 cases were caused by plant trauma. The corneal ulcer had a round shape and a relatively limited range with the diameters mainly in the range of 2-7 mm. The stromal infiltration was mild, and had no pseudopodia, mossiness or endothelial plaques. Intact hyphaes were detected in corneal scrapings and confocal microscopy, isolates were identified by morphology and by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing showed that the most sensitive antifungal drug was Amphotericin B. In the 6 patients with an ulcer less than 2/3 of the corneal thickness, the ulcer healed after 18 days of antifungal treatment only in one eye. The other five patients underwent corneal ulcer debridement or conjunctival flap covering surgery. The remaining one patient with ulcer depth more than 2/3 of the corneal thickness underwent lamellar keratoplasty. ConclusionFungal keratitis caused by V. dahliae has typical signs of a mild inflammatory response, and is not sensitive to antifungal drugs. It is recommended that patients undergo corneal ulcer debridement as soon as possible to promote rapid healing of the ulcers.

scholarly journals In vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Agents for Superficial Phaeohyphomycosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Viviane Pagnussat ◽  
Gabriella da Rosa Monte Machado ◽  
Janaína Scarton ◽  
Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

The selection of fungal isolates resistant to available therapy associated with an increase in the number of immunosuppressed patients has contributed to the incidence of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi. Thus, this study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of the main antifungal agents currently used in clinical practice in relation to Curvularia spp. and Hortaea werneckii from cases of superficial phaeohyphomycosis from southern Brazil. The susceptibility profile of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine and voriconazole against dematiaceous fungi (Curvularia lunata, C. pallescens and H. werneckii) was evaluated by microdilution in broth. Terbinafine showed greater efficacy against C. lunata - gemometric mean (GM = 0.38 μg/mL), C. pallescens (MIC = 0.125 μg/mL) and H. werneckii (GM = 0.031 μg/mL) when compared to the other antifungals tested. Most of species showed sensitivity to itraconazole and voriconazole, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range from 1 - 8.0 μg/mL and 0.5 - 2.0 μg/mL, respectively. All isolates tested show low sensitivity to fluconazole (MIC range 4 - 16 μg/mL). Although itraconazole is considered gold standard, terbinafine has been showed to be a good alternative for the treatment of superficial phaeohyphomycosis. Lastly, antifungal susceptibility testing is essential to indicate the ideal therapy against these infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Of Griseofulvin, Fluconazole, Itraconazole And Terbinafine Against Clinical Isolates Of Trichophyton Rubrum And Trichophyton Mentagrophytes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Reddy ◽  
S Ram Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
National Committee ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

Investigations on antifungal drug susceptibility were carried out on 90 clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with four antifungal drugs, namely griseofulvin, fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine as suggested by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M27–A (1997) document by broth macrodilution method to standardize in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing and to find out the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the drugs. In this study, terbinafine was found to be the most efficient drug for all isolates. Terbinafine had the lowest MIC range of 0.001 g/ml to 0.09 g/ml and MIC50 was low at 0.005 g/ml and MIC90 was also low at 0.04 g/ml against T.rubrum; and MIC range of 0.001μg/ml to 0.19μg/ml with a MIC50 of 0.01μg/ml and MIC90 at 0.09μg/ml against T.mentagrophytes. Itraconazole showed antifungal activity superior to that of fluconazole, with a MIC range of 0.04g/ml to 1.56g/ml, with MIC50 at 0.19μg/ml and MIC90 at 1.56g/ml against T.rubrum; and MIC range of 0.04μg/ml to 1.56μg/ml, with MIC50 at 0.19μg/ml and MIC90 at 0.78μg/ml against T.mentagrophytes. Griseofulvin appears to be still a potent drug for management of dermatophytoses. Griseofulvin had a MIC range of 0.15g/ml to 5.07 g/ml with MIC50 at1.26 g/ml and MIC90 at 2.53 g/ml against T.rubrum; and MIC range of 0.31μg/ml to 5.07μg/ml with MIC50 at 1.26μg/ml and MIC90 at 2.53μg/ml against T.mentagrophytes. Fluconazole showed a high MIC range of 0.19 g/ml to 50 g/ml and MIC50 was high at 1.56g/ml and MIC90 was also high at 12.5 g/ml against T.rubrum; and a high MIC range of 0.09μg/ml to 25.0μg/ml, with MIC50 at 1.56μg/ml and MIC90 at 12.5μg/ml towards T.mentagrophytes. The technique was found to be easy to perform and reliable with consistent results.

In vitro antifungal susceptibility of griseofulvin, fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine against clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
KR Reddy ◽  
SR Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
National Committee ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

Investigations on antifungal drug susceptibility were carried out on 90 clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with four antifungal drugs, namely griseofulvin, fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine as suggested by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M27A (1997) document by broth macrodilution method to standardize in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing and to find out the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the drugs. In this study, terbinafine was found to be the most efficient drug for all isolates. Terbinafine had the lowest MIC range of 0.001 g/mlto 0.09 g/ml and MIC50 was low at 0.005 g/ml and MIC90 was also low at 0.04 g/ml against T. rubrum; and MIC range of 0.001pg/ml to 0.19pg/ml with a MIC50 of 0.01pg/ml and MIC90 at 0.09 pg/ml against T. mentagrophytes. Itraconazole showed antifungal activity superior to that of fluconazole, with a MIC range of 0.04g/ml to l.56g/ml, with MIC50 at 0.19pg/m land MIC90 at l.56g/ml against T. rubrum; and MIC range of 0.04.g/ml to 1.56pg/ml, with MIC50 at 0.19pg/ml and MIC90 at 0.78pg/ml against T. mentagrophytes. Griseofulvin appears to be still a potent drug for management of dermatophytoses. Griseofulvin had a MIC range of 0.15g/ml to 5.07 g/ml with MIC50 at l.26 g/ml and MIC90 at 2.53 g/ml against T. rubrum; and MIC range of 0.31pg/ml to 5.07pg/ml with MIC50 at 1.26pg/ml and MIC90 at 2.53pg/ml against T. mentagrophytes. Fluconazole showed a high MIC range of 0.19 g/ml to 50 g/ml and MIC50 was high at 1.56g/ml and MIC90 was also high at 12.5 g/ml against T. rubrum; and a high MIC range of 0.09pg/ml to 25.0pg/ml, with MIC50 at 1.56pg/ml and MIC90 at 12.5pg/ml towards T. mentagrophytes. The technique was found to be easy to perform and reliable with consistent results.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i4.9569 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol.1 No.04: 26-28

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Clinical Isolates from Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 182 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Elvin James ◽  
Jacinta Santhanam ◽  
Mei Chen Lee ◽  
Choon Xian Wong ◽  
Parameswari Sabaratnam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

Genotyping and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum isolates from different origins

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Madrid ◽  
Mery Ruíz-Cendoya ◽  
Josep Cano ◽  
Alberto Stchigel ◽  
Rosane Orofino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Different Origins

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility of Trichophyton Isolates in Greece: Emergence of Terbinafine-Resistant Trichophytonmentagrophytes Type VIII Locally and Globally

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Maria Siopi ◽  
Ioanna Efstathiou ◽  
Konstantinos Theodoropoulos ◽  
Spyros Pournaras ◽  
Joseph Meletiadis
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Squalene Epoxidase ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Type Viii ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rates

Trichophyton isolates with reduced susceptibility to antifungals are now increasingly reported worldwide. We therefore studied the molecular epidemiology and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of Greek Trichophyton isolates over the last 10 years with the newly released EUCAST reference method for dermatophytes. Literature was reviewed to assess the global burden of antifungal resistance in Trichophyton spp. The in vitro susceptibility of 112 Trichophyton spp. molecularly identified clinical isolates (70 T. rubrum, 24 T. mentagrophytes, 12 T. interdigitale and 6 T. tonsurans) was tested against terbinafine, itraconazole, voriconazole and amorolfine (EUCAST E.DEF 11.0). Isolates were genotyped based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and the target gene squalene epoxidase (SQLE) was sequenced for isolates with reduced susceptibility to terbinafine. All T. rubrum, T. interdigitale and T. tonsurans isolates were classified as wild-type (WT) to all antifungals, whereas 9/24 (37.5%) T. mentagrophytes strains displayed elevated terbinafine MICs (0.25–8 mg/L) but not to azoles and amorolfine. All T. interdigitale isolates belonged to ITS Type II, while T. mentagrophytes isolates belonged to ITS Type III* (n = 11), VIII (n = 9) and VII (n = 4). All non-WT T. mentagrophytes isolates belonged to Indian Genotype VIII and harbored Leu393Ser (n = 5) and Phe397Leu (n = 4) SQLE mutations. Terbinafine resistance rates ranged globally from 0–44% for T. rubrum and 0–76% for T. interdigitale/T. mentagrophytes with strong endemicity. High incidence (37.5%) of terbinafine non-WT T. mentagrophytes isolates (all belonging to ITS Type VIII) without cross-resistance to other antifungals was found for the first time in Greece. This finding must alarm for susceptibility testing of dermatophytes at a local scale particularly in non-responding dermatophytoses.

scholarly journals Quantitation of Candida albicans Ergosterol Content Improves the Correlation between In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Test Results and In Vivo Outcome after Fluconazole Treatment in a Murine Model of Invasive Candidiasis

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2081-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Arthington-Skaggs ◽  
David W. Warnock ◽  
Christine J. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Invasive Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Ergosterol Content ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

ABSTRACT MIC end point determination for the most commonly prescribed azole antifungal drug, fluconazole, can be complicated by “trailing” growth of the organism during susceptibility testing by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards approved M27-A broth macrodilution method and its modified broth microdilution format. To address this problem, we previously developed the sterol quantitation method (SQM) for in vitro determination of fluconazole susceptibility, which measures cellular ergosterol content rather than growth inhibition after exposure to fluconazole. To determine if SQM MICs of fluconazole correlated better with in vivo outcome than M27-A MICs, we used a murine model of invasive candidiasis and analyzed the capacity of fluconazole to treat infections caused by C. albicansisolates which were trailers (M27-A MICs at 24 and 48 h, ≤1.0 and ≥64 μg/ml, respectively; SQM MIC, ≤1.0 μg/ml), as well as those which were fluconazole sensitive (M27-A and SQM MIC, ≤1.0 μg/ml) and fluconazole resistant (M27-A MIC, ≥64 μg/ml; SQM MIC, 54 μg/ml). Compared with the untreated controls, fluconazole therapy increased the survival of mice infected with a sensitive isolate and both trailing isolates but did not increase the survival of mice infected with a resistant isolate. These results indicate that the SQM is more predictive of in vivo outcome than the M27-A method for isolates that give unclear MIC end points due to trailing growth in fluconazole.

Vaginitis Due To Pichia fermentans in a Patient Affected by Endometrial Cancer: A Novel Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarifeh Adampour ◽  
Malihe Hasanzadeh ◽  
Hossein Zarrinfar ◽  
Maryam Nakhaei ◽  
Monika Novak Babič
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the female genital tract, which can be serious or life-threatening. Microbial infections can be one of the underlying causes of this type of cancer. Case Presentation: The present study describes the isolation of Pichia fermentans (Candida firmentaria var. firmentaria) from the vaginal secretions of a 61-year-old woman affected by endometrial cancer. She reported abdominal pain and vaginal discharge for 3 months, and had a history of diabetes, hypertension, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). The isolated yeast was identified based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-ITS2 rDNA) sequence analysis. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing showed a higher effect for ketoconazole against P. fermentans than fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole. Conclusion: Correct differentiation between P. fermentans and other yeast should be considered. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing is recommended for rare yeast, and will help the physicians in providing the best treatment.

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