corneal ulcer
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2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-735
Author(s):  
Preethi B ◽  
Preeti Mittal ◽  
Kiran Kumar K ◽  
Sriya Sridhar ◽  
Suresh Babu G

To study the prevalence, types and demographic profile of traditional eye medicine (TEM) use among corneal ulcer patients presenting to a tertiary eye care centre in South India.A cross-sectional study conducted on 432 new corneal ulcer patients at a tertiary eye care centre in South India from September 2018 to July 2019. Data collected included demographic profile such as name, age, sex, occupation, income, rural/urban residence, type of TEM use. Of the 432 new corneal ulcer cases, 32 used TEM. Most TEM users belonged to the age group 40- 60 years (n= 20; 62.5%). There was no difference in sex distribution. Majority of TEM users in our study resided in rural areas (n= 30; 93.75%), were involved in agriculture as occupation (n=28, 87.5%) and belonged to the lower socioeconomic status n=31(96.88%) as per Kuppuswamy classification. Profile of TEM used ranged from plant extract (n= 14; 43.75%), tongue cleaning (n= 5; 15.63%), oil (n= 7; 21.87%), breast milk (n= 4; 12.5%) and ash (n= 2; 6.25%). Use of traditional medicine is a prevalent practice in the study population. These findings offer a better understanding of health seeking behaviour of the study population which will lead to better planning, implementation and targeting of preventive and promotive eye services and awareness programmes.


2022 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2735-2739
Author(s):  
Amna Rizwan ◽  
Asfandyar Asghar ◽  
Syed Ali Hasan Naqvi ◽  
Ume Sughra ◽  
Hassan Raza

Objective: To determine the risk factors, causative organisms, sensitivity patterns and treatment outcomes of infective corneal ulcers. Methods: The is a prospective cohort study carried out from January 2018 to December 2019 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Fauji Foundation Hospital (FFH) Rawalpindi. A total of 65 eyes of 65 patients of corneal ulcer meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated and corneal scrapes were sent for microbiological assessment.  Variables studied were age, gender, risk factors, onset and duration of symptoms, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), treatment and complications. Results: Out of 65 eyes of 65 patients, 40 (61.5%) were females and 25 (38.4%) were males. Most common local risk factor was ocular surgery (29.2%) followed by ocular trauma (23.1%). Diabetes was present in 44.6% of the cases. Culture results after corneal scrapings were positive for 39 (60%) of the total samples, while 26 (40%) had no growth. Bacterial growth was present in 51.3% of eyes, fungal in 28.2% while 20.5% of the eyes were infected with polymicrobial organisms. Most common pathogens were Pseudomonas (25.6%) that were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin. By the end of the follow-up period 40 cases (61.5%) showed improvement. Conclusion: This study concluded that isolated Pseudomonas was the most common pathogen. Prompt diagnosis with culture sensitivity tests are very much needed in developing countries to avoid blindness due to keratitis. Keywords: Infective keratitis, risk factors, corneal ulcer, culture sensitivity.


2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Weifang Zhu ◽  
Lianyu Wang ◽  
Zhongyue Chen ◽  
...  

Corneal ulcer is a common leading cause of corneal blindness. It is difficult to accurately segment corneal ulcers due to the following problems: large differences in the pathological shapes between point-flaky and flaky corneal ulcers, blurred boundary, noise interference, and the lack of sufficient slit-lamp images with ground truth. To address these problems, in this paper, we proposed a novel semi-supervised multi-scale self-transformer generative adversarial network (Semi-MsST-GAN) that can leverage unlabeled images to improve the performance of corneal ulcer segmentation in fluorescein staining of slit-lamp images. Firstly, to improve the performance of segmenting the corneal ulcer regions with complex pathological features, we proposed a novel multi-scale self-transformer network (MsSTNet) as the MsST-GAN generator, which can guide the model to aggregate the low-level weak semantic features with the high-level strong semantic information and adaptively learn the spatial correlation in feature maps. Then, to further improve the segmentation performance by leveraging unlabeled data, the semi-supervised approach based on the proposed MsST-GAN was explored to solve the problem of the lack of slit-lamp images with corresponding ground truth. The proposed Semi-MsST-GAN was comprehensively evaluated on the public SUSTech-SYSU dataset, which contains 354 labeled and 358 unlabeled fluorescein staining slit-lamp images. The results showed that, compared with other state-of-the-art methods, our proposed method achieves better performance with comparable efficiency.


Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Speranța Schmitzer ◽  
Sorin-Dorin Haidu ◽  
Ioana Popteanu ◽  
Anca Angela Simionescu

Background: The congenital tarsal kink syndrome is a rare form of congenital upper eyelid entropion associated with cardiovascular, musculoskeletal or central nervous system disorders. This syndrome must be recognized and surgically treated as a perinatal emergency to avoid associated complications—corneal ulcer, corneal leucoma, secondary amblyopia and decreased vision among children. Methods: A literature review was conducted to clarify the diagnosis particularities and the corrective surgery options of the congenital entropion on the upper eyelid. Results: Four relevant studies were found by researching the Web of Science and PubMed databases up to November 2021 for “congenital tarsal kink syndrome” and “congenital upper eyelid entropion”. Conclusions: In this paper, we present a case of congenital unilateral entropion of the upper left eyelid in the context of a tarsal kink syndrome in a one-month old infant, manifested by the absence of eyelashes on the upper eyelid of the left eye, hyperlacrimation and conjunctival hyperemia. Essential in managing the upper eyelid entropion is protecting the cornea. Furthermore, correcting a tarsal kink is eminently surgical, choosing between open or closed procedures. Herein, we address the difficulty in the timely diagnosis of this uncommon condition and make formal recommendations based on all reported cases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wimolwan Tangpagasit ◽  
Naruechanok Lertkusol
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Soad A. Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdelgawad ◽  
Rania Alaaeldin ◽  
Zeinab Fathalla ◽  
Hossam Moharram ◽  
...  

Keratitis is a global health issue that claims the eye sight of millions of people every year. Dry eye, contact lens wearing and refractive surgeries are among the most common causes. The resistance rate among fluoroquinolone antibiotics is >30%. This study aims at formulating a newly synthesized ciprofloxacin derivative (2b) niosomes and Solulan C24-, sodium cholate- and deoxycholate-modified niosomes. The prepared niosomal dispersions were characterized macroscopically and microscopically (SEM) and by percentage entrapment efficiency, in vitro release and drug release kinetics. While the inclusion of Solulan C24 produced something discoidal-shaped with a larger diameter, both cholate and deoxycholate were unsuccessful in forming niosomes dispersions. Conventional niosomes and discomes (Solulan C24-modified niosomes) were selected for further investigation. A corneal ulcer model inoculated with colonies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbits was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of keratitis treatment of the 2b-loaded niosomes and 2b-loaded discomes compared with Ciprocin® (ciprofloxacin) eye drops and control 2b suspension. The histological documentation and assessment of gene expression of the inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL1B, TNFα and NF-κB) indicated that both 2b niosomes and discomes were superior treatments and can be formulated at physiological pH 7.4 compatible with the ocular surface, compared to both 2b suspension and Ciprocin® eye drops.


Author(s):  
Yusuf Osmani ◽  
Krishna Kela ◽  
Mona Sune

The human cornea is an avascular, transparent tissue that permits or allows light rays to enter or reach the retina. The cornea is made up of several layers, each of which plays an important role in preserving the transparency and power of cornea. The epithelium, Bowmans layer, Descemet’s membrane and endothelium are the layers of the cornea. This study aimed to discover the incidences of severe and non-severe corneal inflammation amongst wearers of modern technology touch lenses. Studies on touch lens users providing with a corneal ulcer/infiltrates were reported. On the basis of severity, a medical severity matrix was utilized among cases of severe and non-severe corneal inflammation. There was a large distinction in severe corneal infection among ew-hydrogel and ew-silicone hydrogel. When it comes to evaluating touch lens-related corneal inflammation, a medical severity matrix is available in hand. Wearers of contact lenses who sleep with them have a appreciably low risk of severe corneal inflammation than those who simplest  put on lenses for the duration of the day. Those cases who everyday sleep with lenses have a 5-fold lower risk of severe corneal inflammation as compared day-to-day hydrogel lenses for prolonged utilization.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Gon Kim ◽  
Jong Hwa Jun

Abstract This study sought to describe the use of deep-frozen donor corneal remnants preserved after keratoplasty procedures for therapeutic or tectonic keratoplasty without subsequent optical keratoplasty. This single-centre retrospective consecutive case series analyzed the electronic medical records of patients who had undergone therapeutic or tectonic keratoplasty using deep-frozen donor remains preserved in Optisol-GS, for the past 11 years at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center. Fifty-five surgical cases in 46 patients were included. Twenty-three surgical cases in 18 patients underwent therapeutic keratoplasty for refractory infectious corneal ulcer. Complete eradiation of primary infection was achieved in 14 patients (77.8%). Tectonic keratoplasty were performed 32 cases in 28 patients. Twenty-seven of 28 patients were ultimately able to maintain anatomical integrity (96.4%). Mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 1.77 ± 0.94 preoperatively to 1.31 ± 0.95 at the last follow up postoperatively in the tectonic graft group by logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (P = 0.002). There were no cases of graft rejection. Keratoplasty using cryopreserved donor tissue is a suitable surgical alternative for infectious or non-infectious corneal ulcers in elderly patients or patients with poor general condition. It could be a viable alternative to overcome the shortage of corneal donors.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nabilah Afifah ◽  
Herwindo Dicky Putranto ◽  
Lely Retno Wulandari

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the leading cause of corneal ulcers in children 0 to 3 years of age compared to children in general. Case presentation: A two-months-old infant presented with whitish patches on the right eye two days before admission. A central corneal ulcer with a size of 7-mm x 7-mm accompanied by corneal thinning and melting was shown on the right cornea. It is was surrounded by greyish white creamy infiltrates. Corneal scraping showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa specimens. The cornea became perforate and crystalline lens extrusion was found at the day after intravenous ceftriaxone, levofloxacin eye drop, and cefazoline fortified eye drop administering. It might be caused by bacterial elastase and toxin which contributed to corneal damage. The patient was underwent a multilayer Amniotic Membrane Transplantation (AMT) combined with a pericardial patch graft due to corneal perforation. Two months post-AMT and pericardial patch graft the corneal perforation became entirely heal due to multilayer AMT, despite lysis of the pericardial patch graft. Corneal scar formation and reduction of vitreous opacity in ultrasound examination were shown. The patient was planned to undergo keratoplasty. Conclusions: Corneal ulcers due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa are highly destructive. The levels of infection, diagnostic, and therapeutic are still problems in pediatric patients. Lens extrusion and lysis of the pericardial patch graft are examples in this case. Keratoplasty is the definitive treatment for corneal ulcers with perforation; however, multilayer AMT combined with pericardial patch graft can be used as an alternative therapy to accelerate wound healing, reduce inflammation, and maintain the integrity of the eyeball.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kovaleva

Bacterial corneal ulcer is the second most common complication of herpetic ulcer, but it is the most severe complication and has the highest progression rate. The main causative agents of bacterial corneal ulcers are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The frequency of the detection of corneal ulcers caused by gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa has increased, which is characterized by a lightning-fast course and a high frequency of complications and adverse outcomes. Gonococcal corneal ulcer caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is less common in pediatric patients than in adult patients, but it has the most aggressive disease course, which does not change with age. Bacterial corneal ulcers are one of the main causes of corneal blindness and can lead to endophthalmitis, corneal perforation, and eye loss within a short time. Clinical differential diagnostic signs allow us to assume, with a high degree of probability, the etiology at the first biomicroscopy and immediately begin etiotropic therapy, which is crucial for the outcomes of bacterial corneal ulcer. The standard laboratory examination of patients with bacterial corneal ulcer includes bacterioscopic and culture examinations of the contents of the conjunctival sac. This paper presents an up-to-date review of publications, clinical features, differential diagnostic criteria, laboratory diagnostic methods of bacterial corneal ulcers in pediatric patients


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