scholarly journals Strong lensing as a giant telescope to localize the host galaxy of gravitational wave event

2020 ◽  
Vol 497 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yu ◽  
Pengjie Zhang ◽  
Fa-Yin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Observational Constraints ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Einstein Telescope ◽  
Strong Lensing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
Localization Uncertainty ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Standard siren cosmology of gravitational wave (GW) merger events relies on the identification of host galaxies and their redshifts. But this can be highly challenging due to numerous candidates of galaxies in the GW localization area. We point out that the number of candidates can be reduced by orders of magnitude for strongly lensed GW events, due to extra observational constraints. For the next-generation GW detectors like Einstein Telescope (ET), we estimate that this number is usually significantly less than one, as long as the GW localization uncertainty is better than $\sim 10\, \rm deg^2$. This implies that the unique identification of the host galaxy of lensed GW event detected by ET and Cosmic Explorer (CE) is possible. This provides us a promising opportunity to measure the redshift of the GW event and facilitate the standard siren cosmology. We also discuss its potential applications in understanding the evolution process and environment of the GW event.

scholarly journals Optimizing gravitational waves follow-up using galaxies stellar mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 492 (4) ◽  
pp. 4768-4779 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-G Ducoin ◽  
D Corre ◽  
N Leroy ◽  
E Le Floch
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
Stellar Masses

ABSTRACT We present a new strategy to optimize the electromagnetic follow-up of gravitational wave triggers. This method is based on the widely used galaxy targeting approach where we add the stellar mass of galaxies in order to prioritize the more massive galaxies. We cross-matched the Galaxy List for the Advanced Detector Era (GLADE) galaxy catalogue with the AllWISE catalogue up to 400 Mpc with an efficiency of ∼93 per cent, and derived stellar masses using a mass-to-light ratio using the WISE1 band luminosity. We developed a new grade to rank galaxies combining their 3D localization probability associated with the gravitational wave event with the new stellar mass information. The efficiency of this new approach is illustrated with the GW170817 event, which shows that its host galaxy, NGC 4993, is ranked at the first place using this new method. The catalogue, named MANGROVE, is publicly available and the ranking of galaxies is automatically provided through a dedicated website for each gravitational wave event.

scholarly journals A model-independent constraint on the Hubble constant with gravitational waves from the Einstein Telescope

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (15) ◽  
pp. 2050105
Author(s):  
Sixuan Zhang ◽  
Shuo Cao ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Tonghua Liu ◽  
Yuting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Model ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
Binary Neutron Star ◽  
Einstein Telescope ◽  
Model Independent

In this paper, we investigate the expected constraints on the Hubble constant from the gravitational-wave standard sirens, in a cosmological-model-independent way. In the framework of the well-known Hubble law, the GW signal from each detected binary merger in the local universe ([Formula: see text]) provides a measurement of luminosity distance [Formula: see text] and thus the Hubble constant [Formula: see text]. Focusing on the simulated data of gravitational waves from the third-generation gravitational wave detector (the Einstein Telescope, ET), combined with the redshifts determined from electromagnetic counter parts and host galaxies, one can expect the Hubble constant to be constrained at the precision of [Formula: see text] with 20 well-observed binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. Additional standard-siren measurements from other types of future gravitational-wave sources (NS-BH and BBH) will provide more precision constraints of this important cosmological parameter. Therefore, we obtain that future measurements of the luminosity distances of gravitational waves sources will be much more competitive than the current analysis, which makes it expectable more vigorous and convincing constraints on the Hubble constant in a cosmological-model-independent way.

scholarly journals The Distance to NGC 4993: The Host Galaxy of the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817

2017 ◽  
Vol 848 (2) ◽  
pp. L31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Hjorth ◽  
Andrew J. Levan ◽  
Nial R. Tanvir ◽  
Joe D. Lyman ◽  
Radosław Wojtak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Wave Event

scholarly journals Unveiling the enigma of ATLAS17aeu

2019 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. A81
Author(s):  
A. Melandri ◽  
A. Rossi ◽  
S. Benetti ◽  
V. D’Elia ◽  
S. Piranomonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Spectral Energy Distribution ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Binary Black Hole ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
Optical Light Curve

Aims. The unusual transient ATLAS17aeu was serendipitously detected within the sky localisation of the gravitational wave trigger GW 170104. The importance of a possible association with gravitational waves coming from a binary black hole merger led to an extensive follow-up campaign, with the aim of assessing a possible connection with GW 170104. Methods. With several telescopes, we carried out both photometric and spectroscopic observations of ATLAS17aeu, for several epochs, between ∼3 and ∼230 days after the first detection. Results. We studied in detail the temporal and spectroscopic properties of ATLAS17aeu and its host galaxy. Although at low significance and not conclusive, we found similarities to the spectral features of a broad-line supernova superposed onto an otherwise typical long-GRB afterglow. Based on analysis of the optical light curve, spectrum, and host galaxy spectral energy distribution, we conclude that the redshift of the source is probably z ≃ 0.5 ± 0.2. Conclusions. While the redshift range we have determined is marginally compatible with that of the gravitational wave event, the presence of a supernova component and the consistency of this transient with the Ep–Eiso correlation support the conclusion that ATLAS17aeu was associated with the long gamma-ray burst GRB 170105A. This rules out the association of the GRB 170105A/ATLAS17aeu transient with the gravitational wave event GW 170104, which was due to a binary black hole merger.

scholarly journals An astrophysically motivated ranking criterion for low-latency electromagnetic follow-up of gravitational wave events

2020 ◽  
Vol 495 (2) ◽  
pp. 1841-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Celeste Artale ◽  
Yann Bouffanais ◽  
Michela Mapelli ◽  
Nicola Giacobbo ◽  
Nadeen B Sabha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Mass Star ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Compact Binary ◽  
Ranking Criterion

ABSTRACT We investigate the properties of the host galaxies of compact binary mergers across cosmic time. To this end, we combine population synthesis simulations together with galaxy catalogues from the hydrodynamical cosmological simulation eagle to derive the properties of the host galaxies of binary neutron star (BNS), black hole-neutron star (BHNS), and binary black hole (BBH) mergers. Within this framework, we derive the host galaxy probability, i.e. the probability that a galaxy hosts a compact binary coalescence as a function of its stellar mass, star formation rate, Ks magnitude, and B magnitude. This quantity is particularly important for low-latency searches of gravitational wave (GW) sources as it provides a way to rank galaxies lying inside the credible region in the sky of a given GW detection, hence reducing the number of viable host candidates. Furthermore, even if no electromagnetic counterpart is detected, the proposed ranking criterion can still be used to classify the galaxies contained in the error box. Our results show that massive galaxies (or equivalently galaxies with a high luminosity in Ks band) have a higher probability of hosting BNS, BHNS, and BBH mergers. We provide the probabilities in a suitable format to be implemented in future low-latency searches.

scholarly journals Modeling the Observability of Recoiling Black Holes as Offset Quasars

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 317-318
Author(s):  
Laura Blecha ◽  
Paul Torrey ◽  
Mark Vogelsberger ◽  
Shy Genel ◽  
Volker Springel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Broad Line ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Spin Alignment ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Sky Surveys ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe merger of two supermassive black holes (SMBHs) imparts a gravitational-wave (GW) recoil kick to the remnant SMBH, which can even eject the SMBH from its host galaxy. An actively-accreting, recoiling SMBH may be observable as an offset quasar. Prior to the advent of a space-based GW observatory, detections of these offset quasars may offer the best chance for identifying recent SMBH mergers. Indeed, observational searches for recoiling quasars have already identified several promising candidates. However, systematic searches for recoils are currently hampered by large uncertainties regarding how often offset quasars should be observable and where they are most likely to be found. Motivated by this, we have developed a model for recoiling quasars in a cosmological framework, utilizing information about the progenitor galaxies from the Illustris cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. For the first time, we model the effects of BH spin alignment and recoil dynamics based on the gas-richness of host galaxies. We predict that if BH spins are not highly aligned, seeing-limited observations could resolve offset AGN, making them promising targets for all-sky surveys. The rarity of large broad-line offsets among SDSS quasars is likely due in part to selection effects but suggests that spin alignment plays a role in suppressing recoils. Nonetheless, in our most physically motivated model where alignment occurs only in gas-rich mergers, hundreds of offset AGN should be found in all-sky surveys. Our findings strongly motivate a dedicated search for recoiling AGN.

scholarly journals Testing the evolution of correlations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies using eight strongly lensed quasars

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-280
Author(s):  
Xuheng Ding ◽  
Tommaso Treu ◽  
Simon Birrer ◽  
Adriano Agnello ◽  
Dominique Sluse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Instrumental Resolution ◽  
The Moment

ABSTRACT One of the main challenges in using high-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to study the correlations between the mass of a supermassive black hole ($\mathcal {M}_{\rm BH}$) and the properties of its active host galaxy is instrumental resolution. Strong lensing magnification effectively increases instrumental resolution and thus helps to address this challenge. In this work, we study eight strongly lensed AGNs with deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging, using the lens modelling code lenstronomy to reconstruct the image of the source. Using the reconstructed brightness of the host galaxy, we infer the host galaxy stellar mass based on stellar population models. $\mathcal {M}_{\rm BH}$ are estimated from broad emission lines using standard methods. Our results are in good agreement with recent work based on non-lensed AGNs, demonstrating the potential of using strongly lensed AGNs to extend the study of the correlations to higher redshifts. At the moment, the sample size of lensed AGNs is small and thus they provide mostly a consistency check on systematic errors related to resolution for non-lensed AGNs. However, the number of known lensed AGNs is expected to increase dramatically in the next few years, through dedicated searches in ground- and space-based wide-field surveys, and they may become a key diagnostic of black holes and galaxy co-evolution.

Quasar host galaxies and environments in the GAMA survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S356) ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
Jari Kotilainen
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
First Results ◽  
Triggering Mechanisms ◽  
Mass Assembly

AbstractWe present first results from our study of the host galaxies and environments of quasars in Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA), a multiwavelength photometric and spectroscopic survey for ∼300,000 galaxies over ∼300 deg2, to a limiting magnitude of r ∼ 20 mag. We use a GAIA-selected sample of ∼350 quasars at z < 0.3 in GAMA. For all the quasars, we determine all surrounding GAMA galaxies and measure their star formation (SF) rate and SF history, and the host galaxy morphology and group membership of the quasars. As a comparison sample of inactive galaxies, we use 1000 subsets of galaxies in GAMA, matched in redshift and galaxy stellar mass to the quasars. We find that quasar activity does not depend on the large-scale environment (cluster/group/void), although quasars tend to prefer satellite location in their environment. Compared to inactive galaxies, quasars are preferentially hosted in bulge-dominated galaxies and have higher SF rates, both overall and averaged over the last 10 and 100 Myr. Quasars also have shorter median SF timescales, shorter median time since the last SF burst, and higher metallicity than inactive galaxies. We discuss these results in terms of triggering mechanisms of the quasar activity and the role of quasars in galaxy evolution.

An accreting < 105M⊙ black hole at the center of dwarf galaxy IC750

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S356) ◽  
pp. 376-376
Author(s):  
Ingyin Zaw
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Dwarf Galaxy ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Water Masers

AbstractNuclear black holes in dwarf galaxies are important for understanding the low end of the supermassive black hole mass distribution and the black hole-host galaxy scaling relations. IC 750 is a rare system which hosts an AGN, found in ˜0.5% of dwarf galaxies, with circumnuclear 22 GHz water maser emission, found in ˜3–5% of Type 2 AGNs. Water masers, the only known tracer of warm, dense gas in the center parsec of AGNs resolvable in position and velocity, provide the most precise and accurate mass measurements of SMBHs outside the local group. We have mapped the maser emission in IC 750 and find that it traces a nearly edge-on warped disk, 0.2 pc in diameter. The central black hole has an upper limit mass of ˜1 × 105 M⊙ and a best fit mass of ˜8 × 104 M⊙, one to two orders of magnitude below what is expected from black hole-galaxy scaling relations. This has implications for models of black hole seed formation in the early universe, the growth of black holes, and their co-evolution with their host galaxies.

scholarly journals Statistical Properties of Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S292) ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
J. M. Chen ◽  
L. W. Jia ◽  
E. W. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Hydrogen Column Density ◽  
Linear Fit

AbstractGRBs are the most luminous events in the Universe. They are detectable from local to high-z universe and may serve as probes for high-z galaxies (e.g., Savaglio et al. 2009; Kewley & Dopita 2002). We compile the observations for 61 GRB host galaxies from literature. Their redshifts range from 0.0085 to 6.295. We present the statistical properties of the GRB host galaxies, including the stellar mass (M*), star-forming rate (SFR), metallicity (Z), extinction (AV), and neutral hydrogen column density (NH). We explore possible correlations among the properties of gamma-ray burst host galaxies and their cosmic evolution with observations of 61 GRB host galaxies. Our results are shown in Figure 1. A clear Z-M* relation is found in our sample, which is Z ~ M0.4. The host galaxies of local GRBs with detection of accompanied supernovae also share the same relation with high-z GRB host galaxies. A trend that a more massive host galaxy tends to have a higher star-formation rate is found. The best linear fit gives a tentative relation, i.e, SFR ~ M0.75. No any correlation is found between AV and NH. A GRB host galaxy at a higher redshift also tends to have a higher SFR. Even in the same redshift, the SFR may vary over three orders of magnitude. The metallicity of the GRB host galaxies is statistically higher than that of the QSO DLAs. The full version of our results please refer to Chen et al. (2012).

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