The N-terminal half-domain of the long form of tRNase Z is required for the RNase 65 activity

tRNase Z is an essential endonuclease responsible for tRNA 3′-end maturation. tRNase Z exists in a short form (tRNase ZS) and a long form (tRNase ZL). Prokaryotes have only tRNase ZS, whereas eukaryotes can have both forms of tRNase Z. Most eukaryotes characterized thus far, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and humans, contain only one tRNase ZL gene encoding both nuclear and mitochondrial forms of tRNase ZL. In contrast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains two essential tRNase ZL genes (trz1 and trz2) encoding two tRNase ZL proteins, which are targeted to the nucleus and mitochondria, respectively. Trz1 protein levels are notably higher than Trz2 protein levels. Here, using temperature-sensitive mutants of trz1 and trz2, we provide in vivo evidence that trz1 and trz2 are involved in nuclear and mitochondrial tRNA 3′-end processing, respectively. In addition, trz2 is also involved in generation of the 5′-ends of other mitochondrial RNAs, whose 5′-ends coincide with the 3′-end of tRNA. Thus, our results provide a rare example showing partitioning of the nuclear and mitochondrial tRNase ZL activities between two different proteins in S. pombe. The evolution of two tRNase ZL genes and their differential expression in fission yeast may avoid toxic off-target effects.

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Accuracy of long-form data in the Taiwan cancer registry

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association ◽

10.1016/j.jfma.2021.04.022 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chia-Wen Kao ◽

Chun-Ju Chiang ◽

Li-Ju Lin ◽

Chiao-Wen Huang ◽

Wen-Chung Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Registry ◽

Long Form

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Neuroprotective and anti-ageing role of leptin

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/jme-12-0151 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. R149-R156 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Jaume Folch ◽

Ignacio Pedrós ◽

Iván Patraca ◽

Francesc Sureda ◽

Fèlix Junyent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Process ◽

Memory Loss ◽

The Body ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Systematic Exploration ◽

Major Interest ◽

Long Form ◽

Key Pathways ◽

Primary Risk Factor

Leptin (Lep), an adipose-derived hormone, exerts very important functions in the body mainly on energy storage and availability. The physiological effects of Lep controlling the body weight and suppressing appetite are mediated by the long form of Lep receptor in the hypothalamus. Lep receptor activates several downstream molecules involved in key pathways related to cell survival such as STAT3, PI3K, MAPK, AMPK, CDK5 and GSK3β. Collectively, these pathways act in a coordinated manner and form a network that is fully involved in Lep physiological response. Although the major interest in Lep is related to its role in the regulation of energy balance, and since resistance to Lep affects is the primary risk factor for obesity, the interest on their effects on brain cognition and neuroprotection is increasing. Thus, Lep and Lep mimetic compounds now await and deserve systematic exploration as the orchestrator of protective responses in the nervous system. Moreover, Lep might promote the activation of a cognitive process that may retard or even partially reverse selected aspects of Alzheimer's disease or ageing memory loss.

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What people study when they study Tumblr

Journal of Documentation ◽

10.1108/jd-08-2016-0101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 528-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rose Attu ◽

Melissa Terras

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Research Papers ◽

Content Type ◽

Long Form ◽

Media Research ◽

Access To Data ◽

Social Networking Website ◽

Conference Papers ◽

Published Research ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose Since its launch in 2007, research has been carried out on the popular social networking website Tumblr. The purpose of this paper is to identify published Tumblr-based research, classify it to understand approaches and methods, and provide methodological recommendations for others. Design/methodology/approach Research regarding Tumblr was identified. Following a review of the literature, a classification scheme was adapted and applied, to understand research focus. Papers were quantitatively classified using open coded content analysis of method, subject, approach, and topic. Findings The majority of published work relating to Tumblr concentrates on conceptual issues, followed by aspects of the messages sent. This has evolved over time. Perceived benefits are the platform’s long-form text posts, ability to track tags, and the multimodal nature of the platform. Severe research limitations are caused by the lack of demographic, geo-spatial, and temporal metadata attached to individual posts, the limited Advanced Programming Interface, restricted access to data, and the large amounts of ephemeral posts on the site. Research limitations/implications This study focusses on Tumblr: the applicability of the approach to other media is not considered. The authors focus on published research and conference papers: there will be book content which was not found using the method. Tumblr as a platform has falling user numbers which may be of concern to researchers. Practical implications The authors identify practical barriers to research on the Tumblr platform including lack of metadata and access to big data, explaining why Tumblr is not as popular as Twitter in academic studies. Social implications This paper highlights the breadth of topics covered by social media researchers, which allows us to understand popular online platforms. Originality/value There has not yet been an overarching study to look at the methods and purpose of those who study Tumblr. The authors identify Tumblr-related research papers from the first appearing in 2011 July until 2015 July. The classification derived here provides a framework that can be used to analyse social media research, and in which to position Tumblr-related work, with recommendations on benefits and limitations of the platform for researchers.

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