scholarly journals Substitutions in conserved regions preceding and within the linker affect activity and flexibility of tRNase ZL, the long form of tRNase Z

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0186277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makenzie Saoura ◽  
Kyla Pinnock ◽  
Maria Pujantell-Graell ◽  
Louis Levinger
Keyword(s):  
Conserved Regions ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Trnase Z

scholarly journals Tethered Domains and Flexible Regions in tRNase ZL, the Long Form of tRNase Z

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e66942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wilson ◽  
Daryl Ramai ◽  
Dmitri Serjanov ◽  
Neema Lama ◽  
Louis Levinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Form ◽  
Trnase Z

scholarly journals Partitioning of the Nuclear and Mitochondrial tRNA 3′-End Processing Activities between Two different Proteins in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

2013 ◽  
Vol 288 (38) ◽  
pp. 27415-27422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Zhang ◽  
Qiaoqiao Zhao ◽  
Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Mitochondrial Trna ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Trnase Z ◽  
Target Effects

tRNase Z is an essential endonuclease responsible for tRNA 3′-end maturation. tRNase Z exists in a short form (tRNase ZS) and a long form (tRNase ZL). Prokaryotes have only tRNase ZS, whereas eukaryotes can have both forms of tRNase Z. Most eukaryotes characterized thus far, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and humans, contain only one tRNase ZL gene encoding both nuclear and mitochondrial forms of tRNase ZL. In contrast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains two essential tRNase ZL genes (trz1 and trz2) encoding two tRNase ZL proteins, which are targeted to the nucleus and mitochondria, respectively. Trz1 protein levels are notably higher than Trz2 protein levels. Here, using temperature-sensitive mutants of trz1 and trz2, we provide in vivo evidence that trz1 and trz2 are involved in nuclear and mitochondrial tRNA 3′-end processing, respectively. In addition, trz2 is also involved in generation of the 5′-ends of other mitochondrial RNAs, whose 5′-ends coincide with the 3′-end of tRNA. Thus, our results provide a rare example showing partitioning of the nuclear and mitochondrial tRNase ZL activities between two different proteins in S. pombe. The evolution of two tRNase ZL genes and their differential expression in fission yeast may avoid toxic off-target effects.

scholarly journals Development of Bacteriophage Virus-Like Particle Vaccines Displaying Conserved Epitopes of Dengue Virus Non-Structural Protein 1

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Nikole L. Warner ◽  
Kathryn M. Frietze
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Conserved Regions ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Plasma Leakage

Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health problem, with over half of the world’s population at risk of infection. Despite over 60 years of efforts, no licensed vaccine suitable for population-based immunization against DENV is available. Here, we describe efforts to engineer epitope-based vaccines against DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1). NS1 is present in DENV-infected cells as well as secreted into the blood of infected individuals. NS1 causes disruption of endothelial cell barriers, resulting in plasma leakage and hemorrhage. Immunizing against NS1 could elicit antibodies that block NS1 function and also target NS1-infected cells for antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. We identified highly conserved regions of NS1 from all four DENV serotypes. We generated synthetic peptides to these regions and chemically conjugated them to bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles (VLPs). Mice were immunized two times with the candidate vaccines and sera were tested for the presence of antibodies that bound to the cognate peptide, recombinant NS1 from all four DENV serotypes, and DENV-2-infected cells. We found that two of the candidate vaccines elicited antibodies that bound to recombinant NS1, and one candidate vaccine elicited antibodies that bound to DENV-infected cells. These results show that an epitope-specific vaccine against conserved regions of NS1 could be a promising approach for DENV vaccines or therapeutics to bind circulating NS1 protein.

scholarly journals Accuracy of long-form data in the Taiwan cancer registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wen Kao ◽  
Chun-Ju Chiang ◽  
Li-Ju Lin ◽  
Chiao-Wen Huang ◽  
Wen-Chung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Long Form

Demonstration of the indolepyruvate decarboxylase gene homologue in different auxin-producing species of the Enterobacteriaceae

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1072-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Zimmer ◽  
Barbara Hundeshagen ◽  
Edith Niederau
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽  
Enterobacter Agglomerans ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Conserved Regions ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Gene Homologue ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Different Enterobacteriaceae were assayed for their ability to produce the plant hormone indole-3-acetate with the aim to study the distribution of the indole-3-pyruvate pathway, which is known to be involved in the production of indole-3-acetate in a root-associated Enterobacter cloacae strain. Other E. cloacae strains, and also Enterobacter agglomerans strains, Pantoea agglomerans, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Klebsiella oxytoca were found to convert tryptophan into indole-3-acetate. As it was also intended to identify the conserved regions of the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, which is involved in producing indole-3-acetate in the E. cloacae strain, oligonucleotide primers were synthesized for different regions of the corresponding gene. One pair of these primers allowed us to amplify a segment of the predicted size by the polymerase chain reaction with DNA of the seven different Enterobacteriaceae that produce indole-3-acetate. Segments of five strains were cloned and sequenced. All sequences showed significant homology to the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase gene. As in addition a positive DNA–DNA hybridization signal was detected in the seven strains using the E. cloacae or E. agglomerans segments as a probe, indole-3-acetate biosynthesis is suggested to be catalyzed via the indole-3-pyruvate pathway not only in E. cloacae but also in the other soil-living Enterobacteriaceae. Conserved regions were detected in the indole-3-decarboxylase by alignment of the now-available five different partial sequences. These regions should enable identification of the gene in other bacterial families or even in plants.Key words: indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, indole-3-acetic acid production, auxin, polymerase chain reaction, Enterobacteriaceae.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective and anti-ageing role of leptin

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. R149-R156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Folch ◽  
Ignacio Pedrós ◽  
Iván Patraca ◽  
Francesc Sureda ◽  
Fèlix Junyent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Key Pathways ◽  
Primary Risk Factor

Leptin (Lep), an adipose-derived hormone, exerts very important functions in the body mainly on energy storage and availability. The physiological effects of Lep controlling the body weight and suppressing appetite are mediated by the long form of Lep receptor in the hypothalamus. Lep receptor activates several downstream molecules involved in key pathways related to cell survival such as STAT3, PI3K, MAPK, AMPK, CDK5 and GSK3β. Collectively, these pathways act in a coordinated manner and form a network that is fully involved in Lep physiological response. Although the major interest in Lep is related to its role in the regulation of energy balance, and since resistance to Lep affects is the primary risk factor for obesity, the interest on their effects on brain cognition and neuroprotection is increasing. Thus, Lep and Lep mimetic compounds now await and deserve systematic exploration as the orchestrator of protective responses in the nervous system. Moreover, Lep might promote the activation of a cognitive process that may retard or even partially reverse selected aspects of Alzheimer's disease or ageing memory loss.

scholarly journals What people study when they study Tumblr

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Attu ◽  
Melissa Terras
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Media Research ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Social Networking Website ◽  
Conference Papers ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Since its launch in 2007, research has been carried out on the popular social networking website Tumblr. The purpose of this paper is to identify published Tumblr-based research, classify it to understand approaches and methods, and provide methodological recommendations for others. Design/methodology/approach Research regarding Tumblr was identified. Following a review of the literature, a classification scheme was adapted and applied, to understand research focus. Papers were quantitatively classified using open coded content analysis of method, subject, approach, and topic. Findings The majority of published work relating to Tumblr concentrates on conceptual issues, followed by aspects of the messages sent. This has evolved over time. Perceived benefits are the platform’s long-form text posts, ability to track tags, and the multimodal nature of the platform. Severe research limitations are caused by the lack of demographic, geo-spatial, and temporal metadata attached to individual posts, the limited Advanced Programming Interface, restricted access to data, and the large amounts of ephemeral posts on the site. Research limitations/implications This study focusses on Tumblr: the applicability of the approach to other media is not considered. The authors focus on published research and conference papers: there will be book content which was not found using the method. Tumblr as a platform has falling user numbers which may be of concern to researchers. Practical implications The authors identify practical barriers to research on the Tumblr platform including lack of metadata and access to big data, explaining why Tumblr is not as popular as Twitter in academic studies. Social implications This paper highlights the breadth of topics covered by social media researchers, which allows us to understand popular online platforms. Originality/value There has not yet been an overarching study to look at the methods and purpose of those who study Tumblr. The authors identify Tumblr-related research papers from the first appearing in 2011 July until 2015 July. The classification derived here provides a framework that can be used to analyse social media research, and in which to position Tumblr-related work, with recommendations on benefits and limitations of the platform for researchers.

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